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Data collaborations have gained currency over the last decade as a means for data- and skills-poor actors to thrive as a fourth paradigm takes hold in the sciences. Against this backdrop, this article traces the emergence of a collaborative subject position that strives to establish reciprocal and technical-oriented collaborations so as to catch up with the ongoing changes in research. Combining insights from the modernity/coloniality group, political theory and science and technology studies, the article argues that this positionality engenders epistemic obedience by bracketing off critical questions regarding with whom and for whom knowledge is generated. In particular, a dis-embedding of the data producers, the erosion of local ties, and a data conformism are identified as fresh sources of obedience impinging upon the capacity to conduct research attuned to the needs and visions of the local context. A discursive-material analysis of interviews and field notes stemming from the case of astronomy data in Chile is conducted, examining the vision of local actors aiming to gain proximity to the mega observatories producing vast volumes of data in the Atacama Desert. Given that these observatories are predominantly under the control of organisations from the United States and Europe, the adoption of a collaborative stance is now seen as the best means to ensure skills and technology transfer to local research teams. Delving into the epistemological dimension of data colonialism, this article warns that an increased emphasis on collaboration runs the risk of reproducing planetary hierarchies in times of data-intensive research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The factors that can explain the diffusion of 4.0 technologies in the chilean economy are analyzed. We work with companies that can be classified as "specialized suppliers" and "science-based" relevant to the analyzed technological field. The data from the Tenth National Innovation Survey carried out by the National Statistics Institute (INE, 2018) are used. A confirmatory factor analysis of the second order is performed to identify the variables that best explain the diffusion. Lisrel 8.8 software was used, making the estimations with the robust diagonal weighted least squares method (DWLS) because we work with ordinal variables. The main results show the relevance of future innovation projects and the number of workers hired by each company to stimulate technological diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantification is a grammatical and discursive resource especially important in the public account genre. In this type of texts, quantification is used to valorize the achievements of an institution. In the public account of a Technology Transfer Office, these achievements may refer to contracts, patents, awarded projects or funds, among other measurable indicators of productivity. Quantification in public accounts can be potentially expressed in a fuzzy way, for example, “our office reviewed more than 200 ventures”. Using mixed methods (a case study with quantitative phases), we describe how fuzzy quantities operate in the public account rendered by a Chilean Technology Transfer Office. Our analysis showed that fuzzy quantifications correspond to almost 50% of the total quantifications. Three semantic types of fuzzy quantifiers were found: those approaching a vector (approximants), those exceeding a vector (‘overreachers’) and those blurring a number (diffusers). The latter was the most frequent resource for fuzzy quantifications. Furthermore, we provide evidence that would favor a stylistic explanation over a rhetorical one regarding the fuzzy quantification in the discourse of the analyzed public account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the conventional models that explain the internationalization process of SME's, it is described as a complex and continuous process (World Bank, 1996). Nevertheless, there are several cases showing discontinuous exporting. Through empirical study based on qualitative methods, in this case: Grounded theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967), applied to a set of companies over a period of 14 years, it has been possible to identify a lack of commitment towards export activity from a set of companies which show discontinuous exporting, explained by the interrelationship among three categories of variables: business ecosystem, international entrepreneur and Export Firm's Conditions. Each of them show specific causes which together explain this kind of behaviour in companies which have products and/or services with high competitive potential in the international markets, such as Chilean Technology-intensive Suppliers. In spite of this, these companies are not able to reach a relevant level of exports. From among these causes, those that standout are the high level of local competitiveness, the perception of the leaders of these companies with relation to international markets and the scarce number of specialized human resources concerned with this topic within the companies. All these issues, promote a low level of commitment to export activity. This situation explains discontinuous exporting within these companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While scholars and policy practitioners often advocate for science and technology transfer as a motor for economic growth, many in Latin America have long warned of the pitfalls of such top-down, North-South transfers. To many in Latin America, scientific aid or cooperation from the North has often reproduced hierarchies that perpetuate dependency. Large astronomy observatories located in Chile - with a high price tag, cutting-edge technology, and seen to answer seemingly arcane research questions - seem ripe for reproducing precisely these kinds of hierarchical relationships. Using data from documents, interviews, and a site visit to Gemini South, one of several large telescopes in Chile, this paper takes a historical perspective to examine how resilient these hierarchical relationships are. Over forty years, astronomy in Chile grew thanks to new policies that fostered cooperation among universities and gave locals privileged access to the telescopes. But the community also grew in ways that reproduced dependency: foreign science benefits significantly, the Chilean state operates in top-down ways, and its support for science leaves it blind to the benefits high-tech telescopes deliver to Chile, which are not linked to export-led growth. The state appears as both an obstacle and an enabler to the growth of a national scientific community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been considerable excitement about the economic potential of the 'developmental network state'-decentralized government policies that successfully accelerated growth in several high- and medium-income countries. The question remains whether such a strategy could be successful in less-developed nations whose scientific and technological resources were relatively limited. This paper analyzes the trajectory of Chile, a Southern country which, despite adverse conditions, managed to produce something akin to an economic miracle during the last few decades. Our argument is that Chile's success was based on the developmental network state strategy. Moreover, we highlight the centrality to understanding the Chilean experience of the concept of 'network failures'-a common phenomenon that occurs when domestic production would be best served by network forms of organization but for a variety of reasons, these networks either fail to materialize or fail to take hold (Schrank and Whitford ). Over and over again, we see that the logic behind the actions of the Chilean state was to provide resources that reduced the likelihood of network failures. We examine three case studies of successful export sectors: salmon; wine; and fruit and vegetables. The paper outlines some of the challenges faced by the Chilean model and assesses its long-term viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development in developing countries is the main aim of the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). However, in the present context, uncertainty prevails as to whether the CDM is actually achieving its aims in terms of achieving sustainable development and to what extent. Chile has several renewable energy and energy efficiency options with significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions abatement potential that are not yet financially and economically competitive. In order to be able to identify potential CDM projects and to formulate a series of possible investment strategies with a sustainable development component, it is crucial to establish a clear understanding of the host country's needs and priorities and the suitable sustainable energy technologies to meet these needs. The main scope of this paper is to present results obtained from an elaborated stakeholder assessment on Chile's high priority energy needs and sustainable energy technologies fulfilling these needs in order to assist Chile in finding ways of encouraging technology transfer that would contribute to low-carbon sustainable energy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Best Available Techniques (BAT) are an essential element in European environmental legislation as required by the Directive on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC 96/61/EG). The technology transfer to industrialising countries, however, requires the adaptation of the underlying criteria, due to differences in economic, legal and technical conditions. Additionally, their prevailing technology standards and different priorities concerning the affected environmental media (air, soil, water) must also be considered. At hand of case studies for VOC emission reduction and prevention for coating applications in Chile, China and Germany, the use of a metric for country-specific determination of BAT is proposed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

To consolidate vitiviniculture as an economic activity in the Chile countryside, the Chilean government and French vineyard owners were interested in implementing in Chile the same procedures used in France. Consequently, several study missions, both at the international as well as the national level, were made and formed part of the new vitiviniculture process emerging in Chile in the second half of the 19th century. Agricultural experts, and especially vitiviniculture experts, such as Rend F. Le Feuvre, Gastón Lavergne, Máximo Jeria, Eleodoro Gonzá1ez, Manuel Rojas L. and Federico Phillippi, were sent on these missions. These study missions were fundamental for Chilean vitiviniculture because it allowed comparisons between the state of national vineyards and vineyards in other parts of the world. At the same time, the reports on these study missions contributed to improving the quality of national wine and the winemaking process. The Chilean government, together with the Board of Directors of the Quinta Normal de Agricultura, and vineyard owners were the ones who proposed and put in place this initiative, which was fundamental in the development of this new activity. At the same time, it also contributed to the expansion and consolidation of French vineyards in the Central Region of Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the acquisition of technology through licenses in Chile during the 1990s. Expenditures on licenses as a percentage of gross national product, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and emergent economies; Impact of licensing on technology transfer in Chile; Use of licensing by firms.