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The worldwide demand for safe food is increased due to the population growth and the improvement of living standards. Different global standards are relevant in the food value chain including education and training of human resources, government regulations and surveillance. Different factors related to food safety risks in production can be taken into consideration in developing economies. Achieving food safety needs a highly integrated system in food supply and operations management. To meet demand for safe and higher quality food, food organisations especially in developing nations like Chile face numerous problematic issues. In terms of dynamic capabilities, this study takes account of supply chain re-conceptualisation, co-evolving and reflexive supply chain control. In this paper, we identify and prioritise key institutional and operational factors for improving the food safety in Chile. The factors were analysed using a Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process for illustrating the significance of key criteria to food safety concepts under uncertain environment. We provides a detailed and prioritised criteria for improving food safety practices, helping managers to understand the operational and institutional environment and makes a contribution to inform food organisations and government policy-making to reduce food losses and improve sustainability of food chains under fuzzy situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of pesticide residues in leafy vegetables has been a relevant concern in Chile over the last years. There is also a priority at the national level to propose a methodology to assess health risks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of pesticide residues in ready-to-eat leafy vegetables in order to evaluate different models for health risk assessment. The models considered data of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Health of Chile (MINSAL). The Hazard Quotients and Hazard Indexes for the pesticides evaluated in all models decreased in the following order: methamidophos>lambda-cyhalothrin> chlorpyrifos. From a food safety perspective, the investigated samples suggest the presence of a greater health risk to consumers when compared using the official data of MINSAL, which needs appropriate attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last years, the detection of pesticide residues in the official food surveillance programs of Chile has been increased, mainly in fresh vegetables such as tomatoes and lettuces. The Metropolitana Region of Chile presents the highest detections in the country. The lack of evaluations of toxicological risks in human health have increased uncertainty of the potential effects of pesticides exposures in the Chilean population. This research aims to determinate health risks assessment of pesticide residues associated to tomatoes and lettuces produced in Metropolitana Region. The findings of this study reveal that tomatoes and lettuces cultivated in the MR show more than 50% of samples with one or multiple pesticides residues. From the total samples, 16% were over the Chilean Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs). The main pesticides detected in tomatoes and lettuces were methamidophos, methomyl, difenoconazole, cyprodinil and boscalid. The results obtained using the official data of the Ministry of Health of Chile (MINSAL) compared to the World Health Organization (WHO), describe relevant risks through the Estimated Daily Intakes (EDI), Hazard Quotients (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) for the Chilean population due to high concentrations of methamidophos, methomyl and cyprodinil. More restrictions for the use of methamidophos, methomyl, difenoconazole, cyprodinil and boscalid and effective control programs should be implemented in order to mitigate the impacts on the Chilean population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]