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Work–family interface (WFI) theory has identified many stressors that influence work–family dynamics from the standpoint of employees. However, work–family facilitators, as well as the effects of gender differences and the impact of sociocultural environments that differ from a formal employment situation, have received much less attention. Our research aimed to fill these theoretical gaps by analyzing the facilitators and stressors involved in work–family dynamics and determining their consequences for farm women's physical, psychological, and social health. We used a qualitative method with a grounded theory design to collect data via semi-structured interviews with 46 farm women from the region of Araucanía in Chile. Our results explain how facilitators, stressors, and outcomes take place in a process of work–family balance that, paradoxically, implies exhausting journeys, a gender-based overload, a risk of diffuse body pain and distress, and a lack of time for personal healthcare and productive autonomy. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive approach involving improved healthcare infrastructure and services focused on changing the pressures that the farming WFI exerts on rural women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SARS-CoV-2 infection is a global public health problem, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Evidence shows that obesity is a recognized risk factor for hospitalization, admission to critical care units, and the development of serious complications from COVID-19. This review analyzes the available epidemiological evidence that relates obesity to a higher risk of severity and mortality from COVID-19, examining the possible pathophysiological mechanisms that explain this phenomenon on a cellular and molecular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to analyze the eating patterns of preschool- and school-aged children with ASD, as provided by their families, in the La Araucanía Region of Chile. It involved a cross-sectional study with 72 families with children diagnosed with ASD aged between 2 and 12 years old. Food selectivity, appetite, body mass index (BMI) and frequency of food consumption were studied. The research determined that 97.67% present food selectivity, corresponding to alterations in the frequency of consumption of specific food groups. Moreover, 93.06%, 90.28%, 80.56% and 62.50% of children in the study do not meet the daily recommendations for fruit, fish, water and vegetable consumption, respectively. Therefore, it is important for these findings to be considered when designing and carrying out educational interventions regarding food in families with children with ASD for greater assertiveness and effectiveness in improving health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici is a soilborne pathogen that causes "take-all" disease, affecting cereal roots. In wheat, G. graminis var. tritici is the most important biotic factor, causing around 30 to 50% losses of yield. Chemical control of this fungal disease is difficult because G. graminis var. tritici is able to reside for a long time in soils. Therefore, the development of environmentally friendly biotechnological strategies to diminish the incidence of soilborne diseases is highly desirable. Natural products are a promising strategy for biocontrol of plant pathogens. A special emphasis is on medicinal plants due to their reported fungitoxic effects. Drimys winteri (canelo) is a medicinal plant that is widely used by the Mapuche ethnic group from Chile due to its anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, inhibitory effects of canelo against phytopathogenic fungi and pest insects have been reported. In this study, we isolated, purified, and identified six drimane sesquiterpenoid compounds from canelo (drimenin, drimenol, polygodial, isodrimeninol, valdiviolide, and drimendiol). Then, we evaluated their antimicrobial effects against G. graminis var. tritici. Compounds were identified by comparing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data and the retention time in thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with those of pure standards. The putative antagonistic effects were confirmed by assessing hyphal cell wall damage using confocal microscopy and lipid peroxidation. Here, we reported the high potential of drimane sesquiterpenoids as natural antifungals against G. graminis var. tritici. Polygodial and isodrimeninol were the most effective, with 50% lethal concentrations (LC50s) between 7 and 10 g ml1 and higher levels of fungal lipid peroxidation seen. Accordingly, natural sesquiterpenoids purified from canelo are biologically active against G. graminis var. tritici and could be used as natural biofungicides for sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the detection of brown-greyish spot occurring at the bottom of the hazel nut , which was affecting around 30 percent of cv Barcelona plantation in Chile. The authors' inform that small pieces of kernels were cut from the margin between diseased and healthy tissues to isolate causal microorganisms from infected plants. This is the first report of grey necrosis on hazelnut from Chile and the authors' mention the need to control the disease.