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Using critical place research and documentary methods, this article examines the Mapuche territorial cause in Chile and exposes the deficiencies of state-produced Mapuche land titles, known as Títulos de Merced, which are required for and (mis)used as evidence by Chile's Indigenous land restitution program. The Títulos de Merced were granted to Mapuche families during and after the military occupation of Wallmapu (Mapuche territory), as documentation of their relocation to reducciones (reservations) between 1884 and 1929. However, these approximately 3000 titles do not fully represent Mapuche land claims. Instead, they were used by the newly formed Chilean state to reduce Mapuche territory to approximately 5% of its ancestral span, leaving undocumented much of the territories that communities were effectively using before the reduction process––what Mapuche claimants refer to as tierras antiguas or ancestral lands. Despite this, CONADI, the government agency that administers the land program, defines these titles as the primary sources of documentary evidence to prove Mapuche land dispossession. Therefore, not only are the Títulos de Merced not enough, but they negatively impact Mapuche land claims by purposefully reducing, once again, Mapuche ancestral territory, this time discursively. Mapuche claimants are paradoxically forced to validate claims to their ancestral land through documents that were designed to legitimize their dispossession. By examining the insufficiency and inappropriateness of the Títulos de Merced as evidence for Mapuche territorial claims, this paper proposes the intercultural practice of documenting territorialidad—the expression of cultural, economic, and spiritual Mapuche practices over the territory—in addition to colonial demarcations of land, as a form of producing/using evidence for Mapuche land restitution claims. Suggesting the mapu (land/territory) as provenance and territorialidad as evidence, this alternative documentary practice unsettles the Títulos de Merced as the only legitimate form of evidence for Mapuche land claims and theorizes interculturalidad—the recognition of and dialogue between diverse ways of knowing coexisting within the same territory—as a framework for thinking about provenance when working with Indigenous land records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Tourism as an economic and social phenomenon constantly evolve, because of high market competition or the change that suffers touristic practices related to the search of new products which satisfies this demand, which also characterize new forms of culture commodification and the effects of territorial appropriation (Cammarata, 2006). We start from the premise that all touristic activity belong to a geographical space, and build territories and territorialities, for social Actors that present different strategic links between them, basing on relational flows and put it in to a more like an operational interpersonal framework, rather than an institutional framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cartographic representation of the territory located between Biobio River and Cautin River in Chile what was occupied by the mapuches still continues being a pending task. On the matter, different difficulties have appeared like the absence of precision in the documentary sources, relief modifications, vegetation and channels of the rivers changes. However, the available information from 1600 allows establishing, but in very ample terms, the possible geographic spaces in which they conform the different reguas which permit them to resist the Spanish invasion. According to this restlessness, through this study we pretend to present an approach to the geographic location used by the different mapuches lineages while belligerent episodes happened during the first twenty years of century XVII. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of mapuches lineage or reguas in the formation of the identity of this society reviewing is because this study was made for. We considered the mapuche identity resides in these extended and shared blood kinship groups. The Spanish conquerors arrival to the south of the Biobío River territories generating the allocation of "gentilicios" -special name to identify people who live in a certain place-, what were useful to identify and group native inhabitants, creating in addition a permanent unit image, the one that wasn't exist between their different lineages. In our opinion, each lineage was independent, autarkic and made interchanges and reciprocities with its relatives only because they considered as foreign and potential enemies anyone who didn't belong to their groups. However, when they were a common objective then they were grouping themselves temporarily to face a threat, as occur when European arrival to their territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region has always held a peripheral situation, according with its geographical and functional position. Their topographic and climatic attributes have determined, in a great extent, the occupation of this territory. Often, the political-administrative division does not correspond to the organization and sociocultural structure of the regions. For that reason, it is urgent to know its characteristics for a deep understanding of its composition, articulation and operation, with the purpose of establishing models capable to give account of the true nature of these territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]