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The economic valuation of ecosystem services is an effective way to understand the multiple benefits provided. Effluent and other environmental problems must be properly managed if shrimp aquaculture is to achieve sustainability. Evaluation of shrimp ecosystems can facilitate voluntary improvements in the environmental performance of shrimp farms. This study evaluated shrimp ecosystem services in Leizhou City, Guangdong Province, using the market method (MM), carbon tax rate method (CRM), reforestation cost method (RCM) and contingent valuation method (CVM), based on results of input-output analysis and water quality of shrimp ponds. We examined both direct and indirect value of shrimp ecosystem services at large and small spatial scales. This study has quantified the multiple benefits and costs of shrimp ecosystems, suggests a more feasible basis for coastal environmental management and sustainability of shrimp aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study about the extent of the emerging epidemic cases of syphilis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections (HIV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. The study also analyzes the reason of the increasing HIV and syphilis among MSM, the trends of the spread of infection, and the causes of the increasing spread of infection in order to develop an evidenced-based syphilis control program. Study subjects came from the three MSM saunas, three MSM bars, and one MSM clinic which is affiliated with the Shenzen Center for Chronic Disease Control. Three consecutive surveys were conducted on the study to determine the extent of the increasing sexually transmitted infections (STD's) among MSM.