722 results on '"To, Albert"'
Search Results
102. A diagnostic equation for the maximum urban heat island effect of a typical Chinese city: A case study for Xi'an.
- Author
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Zhang, Xi, Steeneveld, Gert-Jan, Zhou, Dian, Duan, Chengjiang, and Holtslag, Albert A.M.
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METEOROLOGY ,URBAN heat islands ,EQUATIONS ,CITIES & towns ,CASE studies - Abstract
To reduce the vulnerability of urban areas facing high temperatures, it is useful to develop methods to obtain the urban heat island (UHI) intensity. However, it is hard to equip all cities with extensive measurement networks and alternative UHI diagnostic methods are needed. Accordingly, in this paper we evaluate and revise the diagnostic equation designed by Theeuwes et al. (2017) and analyze its application for Xi'an (China), based on long-term summer meteorology data. The evaluation of the default diagnostic equation shows that limited accuracy for Xi'an is caused by the sum of morphological parameters being used outside the original range of calibration. Subsequently, we propose an extended equation, which adds the building fraction to express the morphology of additional spatial categories. This new equation is calibrated against a 3-year dataset and independently validated with data from another year. In addition, a class prediction with three spatial categories is proposed, and verified by independent data of 20 stations in Xi'an in 2018, which enables this formula to be applied in more cities. Altogether, the extended diagnostic equation is an effective method to evaluate the daily maximum UHI intensity (UHI max) on neighborhood-scale, which can be generalized for a whole city area and presents internal intensity differences with multi-points. Image 1 • A diagnostic equation for the maximum urban heat island is applied in Xi'an (China). • Building fraction is added to the diagnostic equation to represent morphology. • Sky-view factor and vegetation fraction are used for spatial categorization. • The extended equation is an effective method for UHI max evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
103. Root causes of conflict and conflict resolution mechanisms in public-private partnerships: Comparative study between Ghana and China.
- Author
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Osei-Kyei, Robert, Chan, Albert P.C., Yu, Yao, Chen, Chuan, and Dansoh, Ayirebi
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INTERNATIONAL arbitration , *CONFLICT management , *PUBLIC-private sector cooperation , *MEDIATION , *MEDICAL communication - Abstract
Abstract Conflict is inevitable in public-private partnership (PPP) due to the long-term agreement and multiplicity of stakeholders with varying beliefs and interests. However, a thorough understanding of the root causes of conflict beforehand helps to minimize conflict occurrence, thereby ensuring a smooth PPP process. This paper aims to explore and evaluate the root causes of conflicts in PPPs through a comparative study between Ghana and China. Further, the most suitable conflict resolution mechanisms are explored from the Ghanaian and Chinese perspectives. Results show that causes of conflict ranked higher in Ghana directly relate to poor governance and contract arrangement, whereas causes related to poor risk management and communication are ranked higher in China. Further, arbitration and negotiation are the most suitable conflict resolution mechanisms for PPPs in Ghana and China respectively. The outputs of this study inform international private investors interested in PPPs in Africa and China of the possible sources of disputes and resolution mechanisms in PPPs. This will enable international investors to develop strategic measures before entering into the PPP markets of both regions. Highlights • Conflict is inevitable in public-private partnership arrangements • This paper explores the root causes of conflicts and conflict resolution mechanisms in PPPs • Causes of conflicts related to poor governance and contractual arrangements emerged as critical in Ghana, whereas causes related poor risk management and communication emerged as critical in China • Arbitration and Negotiations are the most suitable resolution mechanisms for conflicts in PPPs in Ghana and China respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
104. High seroprevalence of anti‐Hepatitis E antibodies in Austrian patients with autoimmune hepatitis.
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Eder, Michael, Strassl, Robert, Beinhardt, Sandra, Stättermayer, Albert Friedrich, Kozbial, Karin, Lagler, Heimo, Holzmann, Heidemarie, Trauner, Michael, and Hofer, Harald
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CHRONIC active hepatitis ,HEPATITIS E virus ,HEPATITIS E ,VIRUS diseases ,CLINICAL pathology ,SEROPREVALENCE - Abstract
Background & Aims: Increasing numbers of autochthonous hepatitis E virus infections have been reported in Europe. Chronic infections have been shown in immune‐compromised patients after solid organ transplantation. Hepatitis E virus might be a possible trigger for autoimmune hepatitis and might cause disease flares or relapses in the further course of disease. Aim of this study was to investigate the presence of hepatitis E virus antibodies and hepatitis E virus RNA, and to analyse their impact on immunosuppressive treatment in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Methods: Sera from 92 autoimmune hepatitis patients (73/79.3% female, age: 42.2 ± 16.3 years [mean ± SD]) were tested. Patients were scored according to the simplified and revised scoring systems of the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. The prevalence of anti‐ hepatitis E virus antibodies (Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprises Co., Ltd, Beijing, China) and hepatitis E virus RNA was determined. Results: 19/20.7% autoimmune hepatitis patients tested positive for hepatitis E virus‐IgG, which was higher than in previous reports of healthy Austrian individuals (12.4%, P = 0.031); hepatitis E virus RNA was not detectable in any patient. Anti‐hepatitis E virus positive patients were older (49.5 ± 9.5 vs 40.4 ± 17.2 years [mean ± SD], P = 0.033) but did not differ in laboratory findings at diagnosis (AST: 14.6 [1.3‐70.6] vs 9.5 [0.7‐62.7] × ULN [median/range]; P = 0.387, alanine aminotransferase: 18.3 [1.6‐62.7] vs. 12.9 [0.8‐62.6] × ULN; P = 0.511; IgG: 1.4 [1.0‐2.5] vs 1.3 [0.6‐3.8] g/dL × ULN; P = 0.278) nor in alanine aminotransferase levels after six months (0.7 [0.5‐2.4] vs 1.0 U/L × ULN [0.1‐22.4]; P = 0.077). Conclusions: No chronic hepatitis E virus infection was observed in our cohort of autoimmune hepatitis patients. Anti‐ hepatitis E virus‐IgG positive patients were older and the seroprevalence was nearly twice as high as reported previously in healthy Austrian individuals, suggesting that hepatitis E virus‐infection might act as trigger for the development of autoimmune hepatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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- View/download PDF
105. Magmatic response to the interplay of collisional and accretionary orogenies in the Korean Peninsula: Geochronological, geochemical, and O-Hf isotopic perspectives from Triassic plutons.
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Chang-sik Cheong, Albert, Hui Je Jo, Youn-Joong Jeong, and Xian-Hua Li
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IGNEOUS intrusions , *PENINSULAS , *ISOTOPIC signatures , *OROGENIC belts , *LITHOSPHERE , *AGE differences - Abstract
Phanerozoic internal and peripheral orogens in Northeast Asia converge toward the Korean Peninsula situated between cratonic Asia and the outboard magmatic arc. Widespread Mesozoic plutons in the peninsula provide first-hand information about the magmatic response to the continental and oceanic plate subduction. The present study addresses this issue using comprehensive (n >1100) whole-rock geochemical, zircon U-Pb geochronological, and O-Hf isotopic data obtained from Triassic gabbro-pyroxenitemangerite- monzonite-syenite-granodioritegranite plutons in the central and southern parts of the peninsula. The intrusion of ca. 265-250 Ma calc-alkaline granitoids, including the high-silica adakite, along the outboard (in present coordinates) Yeongnam Massif is coeval with or slightly younger than the Barrovian metamorphism recognized in fold-and-thrust belts surrounding the inboard (northward, present coordinates) Gyeonggi Massif, suggesting a close link between the collisional orogenesis and subduction initiation as commonly documented in Phanerozoic supercontinents. Subsequent Late Triassic plutons emplaced in the Yeongnam Massif are subdivided into the older (232-224 Ma) magnesian and alkalicalcic to calc-alkalic group and the younger (220-217 Ma) ferroan and alkalic to alkalicalcic group temporally intervened by the geochemically arc-like Andong ultramafic complex (222 Ma). Zircon O-Hf isotopic compositions of the older plutons reflect the mixing of metasomatized lithospheric mantle, young (probably Paleozoic) arc crust, and Precambrian basement crust, whereas those of the younger plutons reflect input of the asthenospheric/lithospheric mantle and mafic lower crust. Meanwhile, the Late Triassic (233-224 Ma) potassic plutons in and around the Gyeonggi Massif represent postcollisional magmatism most likely induced by slab breakoff, which may also have been responsible for the shoshonitic magmatism in the Yeongnam Massif. Spatial differences in the age pattern and O-Hf isotopic signature of inherited and synmagmatic zircons from the potassic plutons indicate a selective contribution from an ancient metasomatized lithospheric mantle beneath the North China-like craton and an allochthonous South China-like lithosphere. The formation of the Triassic plutons could be explained by a series of tectonomagmatic events consisting sequentially of the ridge subduction, low-angle subduction, slab breakoff beneath the collisional orogen, tectonic switch to an extension-dominated arc system, and delamination of an overthickened arc lithosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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106. Cognitive and behavioral impairments in German and Chinese ALS populations – a post-hoc comparison of national study data.
- Author
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Ye, Shan, Rosenbohm, Angela, Böhm, Sarah, Uttner, Ingo, Ji, Ying, Ludolph, Albert C., Lulé, Dorothée, and Fan, Dongsheng
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SYMPATHY ,MEMORY span ,SOCIAL perception ,DEMOGRAPHIC characteristics ,AMYOTROPHIC lateral sclerosis ,LINGUISTICS - Abstract
This study aimed to clarify whether differences between German and Chinese studies using the standardized Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS), might be explained by differences in translated versions of ECAS, by patient demographic or clinical characteristics or by population-specific factors. Comparisons were performed on data from two previous studies in Germany and China. We found except for spelling task (p = 0.05), no differences between control groups of two countries were detected after adjusting for demographics. In contrast, differences were observed in scores on total ECAS, ALS-specific function such as different executive functions (all p < 0.01) and language (p = 0.02), even after correcting for demographic and clinical variables. Chinese ALS cohort performed worse in executive subfunction scores for sentence completion, alternation, social cognition, digit span and language comprehension; they performed better in spelling. Chinese ALS cohort more frequently exhibited disinhibition (p = 0.02), whereas German cohort more frequently exhibited loss of sympathy (p = 0.01) and stereotyped behavior (p = 0.03). Chinese and German ALS cohorts showed a distinctly different pattern in executive and language function. Most of the differences might be related to distinct differences between populations as only spelling might be affected by different language versions of ECAS. Socio-cultural factors might explain behavioral profile differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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107. Leaf litter and moss-inhabiting flea beetles of Hong Kong (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticini).
- Author
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DAMAŠKA, Albert F. and Paul ASTON
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FLEA beetles , *FOREST litter , *CHRYSOMELIDAE , *BEETLES , *URBAN biodiversity - Abstract
The flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) inhabiting leaf litter and moss in Hong Kong are reviewed and summarized for the first time. Five species are listed from Hong Kong, four of which are newly described: Benedictus sagittalis sp. nov., Cangshanaltica sprynari sp. nov., Clavicornaltica doeberli sp. nov. and C. longipenis sp. nov. Ivalia excavata (Wang, 1993) is recorded from Hong Kong for the first time. All species are photographed and their species identity is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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- View/download PDF
108. Exploring the association between depression and shenjing shuairuo in a population representative epidemiological study of Chinese adults in Guangzhou, China.
- Author
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Hall, Brian J., Chang, Kay, Chen, Wen, Sou, Ka Lon, Latkin, Carl, and Yeung, Albert
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DIAGNOSIS of mental depression ,CHINESE people ,MENTAL depression ,EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research ,INTERVIEWING ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SLEEP disorders ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,SOMATOFORM disorders ,COMORBIDITY ,DISEASE prevalence ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Traditional mental illness concepts remain prevalent in China. Shenjing shuairuo (i.e., neurasthenia), a depressive-like syndrome less favored in Western psychiatric nosology, has a long tradition of acceptance among Chinese lay people. The concept may be more easily accepted in China due to the culturally informed view of the importance of harmony between mind and body and is consistent with Traditional Chinese Medicine. The goals of this study were to estimate the prevalence of shenjing shuairuo, the overlap between shenjing shuairuo and depression, and whether these two disorders share correlates. Data was obtained from 751 Chinese adults using stratified random sampling. Spatial epidemiological methods were utilized with face-to-face interviews conducted in Guangzhou, China. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the neurasthenia criteria from ICD-10 measured depression and shenjing shuairuo. The prevalence of depression and shenjing shuairuo were 5.3% and 15.4%, respectively. Participants with depression were nearly six times more likely to have shenjing shuairuo. Women were more likely than men to have comorbid depression and shenjing shuairuo. Poorer health was reported across disorders. Those with shenjing shuairuo were more likely to report medical diagnoses. Longer sleep latency was reported for those with shenjing shuairuo and those with depression reported fewer hours of sleep and lower sleep quality. Those with depression alone reported the poorest sleep. Significant diagnostic overlap and few distinct correlates were observed. Nevertheless, the difference in prevalence and acceptance among non-professionals suggests that shenjing shuairuo is a useful category of distress among Chinese adults in Southern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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109. Investigating the difficulties of implementing safety practices in international construction projects.
- Author
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Gao, Ran, Chan, Albert P.c., Lyu, Sainan, Zahoor, Hafiz, and Utama, Wahyudi P.
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GLOBALIZATION , *CONSTRUCTION projects , *INDUSTRIAL safety , *DELPHI method , *LABOR supply - Abstract
Globalization facilitated the development of international construction. Construction safety issues have become a global problem. International construction projects lead to complexities and difficulties in safety management given the involvement of participants from different countries and regions. This study takes case of Chinese international contractors to explore and evaluate the difficulties of implementing safety practices in international construction projects. Mixed methods include qualitative (i.e., document analysis and structured interview) and quantitative methods (i.e., Delphi survey) were adopted. The most important difficulties of implementing safety practices in international construction projects identified in this study were labor-only subcontracting and complex labor structure, low safety awareness of local workers, high turnover rates of frontline workers, and the failure of Chinese workers who work far from home to adapt to a boring lifestyle in overseas projects. Eliminating these major difficulties can facilitate the implementation of safety practices in international construction projects and further improve safety performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
110. Between the Global and the Local.
- Author
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Wu, Albert
- Subjects
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CHRISTIANITY & culture , *MISSIONARIES , *CHRISTIANS - Abstract
The author comments on mistakes made by reviewers while reviewing his book "From Christ to Confucius". It mentions the debates over indigenization to elucidate the political, cultural, and social pressures that European missionaries and Chinese Christians faced; and also mentions the key forces exerting an influence on the missionary approach to indigenization came from the Vatican; comparative work with missionaries on the ground who were arguing for more rapid indigenization.
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- 2018
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111. DISCUSSION OF RELATIVE SEA LEVEL RISE ALONG THE COAST OF CHINA FROM MID-20TH TO END OF 21ST CENTURIES.
- Author
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Parker, Albert
- Subjects
SEA level ,COASTS ,TIDE gages ,EARTH science instruments ,COASTAL changes - Abstract
A recent paper has claimed that "The coastal mean relative sea level (MRSL) in the China Seas rises from 1 to 6 mm/year in the past half century". This estimation is the result of arbitrarily selecting high rate of rise tide gauges of China and Korea while neglecting better quality low rate of rise tide gauges of China, Korea and Japan. By using the best tide gauges of China by NOAA, the rate of rise for the sea level of China in the past half-century is better assessed by a prior paper neglected by the authors of this recent paper at -1.23 to +3.22 mm/year, and by NOAA, also neglected by these authors, at -0.04 to +4.97 mm/year including the quality flagged LUSI, and -0.04 to +2.92 mm/year excluding LUSI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
112. Rome, China, and the Barbarians: Ethnographic Traditions and the Transformation of Empires.
- Author
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Dien, Albert E.
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ETHNOLOGY , *NONFICTION - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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113. Copper concentrate TC/RCs fall; traders push for material; China on holiday.
- Author
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Mackenzie, Albert
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COPPER ,HOLIDAYS - Abstract
Copper concentrate treatment and refining charges (TC/RCs) fell on Friday October 6 for a second consecutive week, hitting their lowest level since June 2, with the market was broadly quiet while Chinese participants are out celebrating the Golden Week holiday (September 29-October 6). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
114. Spot copper concentrate TC/RCs down marginally ahead of Chinese holidays, LME Week.
- Author
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Zhang, Sally and Mackenzie, Albert
- Subjects
COPPER ,MID-autumn Festival ,HOLIDAYS - Abstract
Spot trading in the copper concentrate market was inactive in the week to Friday September 29, with Chinese participants in holiday mode ahead of China's weeklong break for the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day (September 29-October 6). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
115. China copper premiums up slightly but spot markets stay quiet.
- Author
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Kavanagh, Chris, Zhang, Sally, and Mackenzie, Albert
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COPPER ,ARBITRAGE ,IMPORTS - Abstract
The spot markets for copper were quiet in Europe, Asia and the United States in the week to Tuesday September 5, on limited demand, while arbitrage losses did little to encourage imports into China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
116. Spot copper TCs down marginally; China sulfuric acid market continues recovery.
- Author
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Zhang, Sally and Mackenzie, Albert
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SMELTING furnaces ,ORES - Abstract
Copper smelters continued to buy spot units at the low $90s per tonne and showed little buying appetite for blended or complex ores in the week to Friday September 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
117. LME base metals largely higher on softer US dollar and improved China sentiment.
- Author
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Dudman, Imogen and Mackenzie, Albert
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U.S. dollar ,METAL prices ,METALS - Abstract
Base metal prices on the London Metal Exchange were mixed at the 5pm close on Tuesday August 29, with most metals recording daily gains after signs of positive sentiment emerged from China earlier in the day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
118. European copper premiums under pressure; import conditions favorable in China.
- Author
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Bera, Rijuta Dey, Zhang, Sally, and Mackenzie, Albert
- Subjects
COPPER ,IMPORTS ,COST - Abstract
European spot copper market participants noted challenging market conditions in the week to Tuesday August 22, with financing costs and weak demand putting downward pressure on premiums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
119. Global zinc premiums mostly down, Shanghai market bucks trend amid favorable arbitrage terms.
- Author
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Bera, Rijuta Dey, Mackenzie, Albert, and Zhao, Shiyue
- Subjects
ARBITRAGE ,ECONOMIC trends - Abstract
Global zinc premiums largely fell in the week to Tuesday August 22, with those in China bucking the downtrend amid support from favorable import arbitrage terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
120. China's spot copper market turns active as import conditions improve; US market quiet.
- Author
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Bera, Rijuta Dey, Zhang, Sally, and Mackenzie, Albert
- Subjects
COPPER ,COPPER prices ,IMPORTS ,METALS - Abstract
Weakness in London Metal Exchange copper prices incentivized the buying of imported material in China in the week to Tuesday August 15, with the exchange's benchmark three-month falling by 7.2% since the end of July. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
121. Spot trading in China picks up on copper price decline; premiums mostly flat globally.
- Author
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Zhang, Sally, Esmen, Yasemin, and Mackenzie, Albert
- Subjects
COPPER prices ,APARTMENTS ,METALS - Abstract
The decline in the London Metal Exchange copper price renewed interest in the red metal in China during the week to Tuesday August 9, but the overall market remained cautious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
122. LME base metals prices start week mixed; zinc stocks drop 3,500 tonnes.
- Author
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Mackenzie, Albert
- Subjects
STOCK prices ,METAL prices ,ZINC ,METALS - Abstract
London Metal Exchange three-month base metals prices were mixed during morning trading on Monday August 7, with as many metals moving up as down amid mixed signals from China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
123. China stimulus policies key to sustaining base metal price rises, Sucden Financial says.
- Author
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Bone, Carrie and Mackenzie, Albert
- Subjects
METAL prices ,ECONOMIC stimulus ,ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
Economic stimulus policies put in place by the government of China will be key to sustaining price rises among base metals in the coming quarters, Daria Efanova, head of research at UK-based services provider Sucden Financial, said during the company's third-quarter metals webinar on Wednesday August 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
124. LME base metals edge up after China Politburo meeting.
- Author
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Mackenzie, Albert
- Subjects
METAL prices ,METALS - Abstract
London Metal Exchange three-month base metals prices started the morning of Tuesday July 25 broadly up due to positive signals from China, with lead the only metal to edge down and buck the trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
125. Images of Dynasty.
- Author
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Dien, Albert E.
- Subjects
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ARCHAEOLOGY , *CHINESE antiquities - Abstract
Focuses on archaeology in the People's Republic of China. Modern techniques of prehistoric archeology introduced by Westerners; Marxist interpretation of history confirmed through discoveries; Finds from the eras of Chinese history. INSETS: The All-Powerful State;The Search for Shang, by K. C. Chang.
- Published
- 1999
126. Nonlinear pattern of the emergence of white matter hyperintensity in healthy Han Chinese: an adult lifespan study.
- Author
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Huang, Chu-Chung, Yang, Albert C., Chou, Kun-Hsien, Liu, Mu-En, Fang, Shih-Chun, Chen, Chi-Chang, Tsai, Shih-Jen, and Lin, Ching-Po
- Subjects
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LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHIES , *OLDER people , *DISEASE prevalence , *COGNITION disorders , *DEMENTIA risk factors - Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are prevalent in the older adult and are often accompanied by cognitive decline and an increased risk of dementia. However, the roles of WMHs in the periventricular white matter and deep white matter regions in the aging process remain controversial. This study aimed to investigate the WMH burden across the adult lifespan and determine the interrelationships among age, WMH, and cognition. The present study included 312 healthy individuals aged 21–89 years who received structural magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive assessments. Periventricular WMH (PVWMH) and deep WMH (DWMH) volumes were computed and fitted using different regression models to evaluate the trajectory of WMH changes across the lifespan. Our findings support that the changes in WMH volume in the healthy population follow a nonlinear pattern with age, especially in PVWMH. With 2-mediator mediation analysis, we further suggest that the effect of age on the cognitive performance is mediated only by PVWMH. Conclusively, the increased PVWMH, but not DWMH, plays a major role in predicting cognitive aging in healthy adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
127. Multimedia fate modeling of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) in the shallow lake Chaohu, China.
- Author
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Kong, Xiangzhen, Liu, Wenxiu, He, Wei, Xu, Fuliu, Koelmans, Albert A., and Mooij, Wolf M.
- Subjects
PERFLUOROOCTANOIC acid -- Environmental aspects ,PERFLUOROOCTANE sulfonate -- Environmental aspects ,LAKE ecology ,BODIES of water ,WATER pollution - Abstract
Freshwater shallow lake ecosystems provide valuable ecological services to human beings. However, these systems are subject to severe contamination from anthropogenic sources. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS), are among the contaminants that have received substantial attention, primarily due to abundant applications, environment persistence, and potential threats to ecological and human health. Understanding the environmental behavior of these contaminants in shallow freshwater lake environments using a modeling approach is therefore critical. Here, we characterize the fate, transport and transformation of both PFOA and PFOS in the fifth largest freshwater lake in China (Chaohu) during a two-year period (2013–2015) using a fugacity-based multimedia fate model. A reasonable agreement between the measured and modeled concentrations in various compartments confirms the model's reliability. The model successfully quantifies the environmental processes and identifies the major sources and input pathways of PFOA and PFOS to the Chaohu water body. Sensitivity analysis reveals the critical role of nonlinear Freundlich sorption, which contributes to a variable fraction of the model true uncertainty in different compartments (8.1%–93.6%). Through additional model scenario analyses, we further elucidate the importance of nonlinear Freundlich sorption that is essential for the reliable model performance. We also reveal the distinct composition of emission sources for the two contaminants, as the major sources are indirect soil volatilization and direct release from human activities for PFOA and PFOS, respectively. The present study is expected to provide implications for local management of PFASs pollution in Lake Chaohu and to contribute to developing a general model framework for the evaluation of PFASs in shallow lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
128. Building University Relationships in China.
- Author
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Slowinski, Gene, Johnson, Albert, Hummel, Edward, and Story, Bruce
- Subjects
UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,STRATEGIC planning ,BUSINESS enterprises ,CORPORATE culture ,PATENT law - Abstract
The article discusses about the trip of Gridley to China to get the deal signed by two universities within five days. Topics of discussion includes his understanding the country's corporate culture from the Chinese consultant, being culturally sensitive but not trying to be Chinese, visiting Chinese patent law firms and link the company’s needs with the government’s five-year plans.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
129. Phenotypic differences of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in China and Germany.
- Author
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Rosenbohm, Angela, Liu, Mingsheng, Nagel, Gabriele, Peter, Raphael S., Cui, Bo, Li, Xiaoguang, Kassubek, Jan, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Lulé, Dorothée, Cui, Liying, Ludolph, Albert C., and For the ALS Registry Swabia Study Group
- Subjects
AMYOTROPHIC lateral sclerosis treatment ,MOTOR neuron diseases ,GENOTYPE-environment interaction ,EPIDEMIOLOGY - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to explore phenotypical differences of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) between two cohorts from Germany and China.Methods: Registry-based studies of ALS were conducted in South-West Germany from 2010 to 2014 and an ALS clinic in Beijing from 2013 to 2016, respectively. Demographic and clinical features of 663 German and 276 Chinese ALS patients were collected and compared.Results: Mean age-at-onset was higher in German than in Chinese ALS patients [66.6 years (95% CI 65.7, 67.5) vs. 53.2 years (95% CI 52.0, 54.5)]. Age distribution of ALS patients peaked around 70-74 years in Germany and 50-54 years in China. Bulbar onset was more prevalent among German than among Chinese patients (35.9 vs. 22.8%). Diagnostic delay was higher in the Chinese than in the German study sample (12 vs. 5 months). Cognitive deficits were more pronounced in the Chinese cohort. Both cohorts differed in smoking habits, prevalence of diabetes and in body mass index (BMI).Conclusions: The apparent discrepancies between German and Chinese ALS patients (age at onset, gender distribution, bulbar forms, cognitive dysfunction, risk factors) reveal a quite different clinical phenotype in China, maybe due to socioeconomic status, environmental factors or genetic background. The observed differences in phenotype need to be pursued by further epidemiological studies on environmental and genetic risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
130. TRAUMA-RELATED DEATHS OF DOMESTICATED DOGS AND CATS IN TAIWAN.
- Author
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Huang, Wei-Hsiang, Liao, Albert Taiching, Chu, Pei-Yi, Zhai, Shao-Hua, Yen, I-Feng, and Liu, Chen-Hsuan
- Subjects
ANIMAL welfare ,WOUND care ,EUTHANASIA ,ANIMAL mortality ,EPIDEMIOLOGY - Abstract
The advancement of animal welfare has attracted much public attention in recent years in Taiwan. Trauma, as an important extrinsic cause of death in pet dogs and cats, is closely related to human activities and owner-pet relationships. This retrospective study aims to evaluate trauma-related deaths in domesticated dogs and cats in Taiwan, and further investigate demographic risk factors associated with specific traumatic causes. Data from 2252 dogs and 1325 cats were collected from a real-time reporting system for mortality of Taiwanese domesticated dogs and cats during 2012-2014. A total of 278 trauma-related deaths, including 177 dogs and 101 cats, were reported. The leading traumatic causes were car accidents (dog/cat:127/48), falls (dog/cat:18/15), and animal interactions (dog/cat:13/11). Frequencies of trauma deaths were higher for animals within the 0-6 years age group in both species. Dogs and cats dying at 10 years of age, male and intact animals displayed increased risks of trauma deaths. Dogs, animals dying at 10 years of age, and intact animals displayed increased risks of dying from car accidents. Animals dying at 10 years of age displayed increased risks of dying from falls. Intact animals displayed increased risks of dying from animal interactions. A few cases raised strong suspicion of animal cruelty; such findings underscore the importance of the development of forensic veterinary medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
131. Soil respiration, glomalin content, and enzymatic activity response to straw application in a wheat-maize rotation system.
- Author
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Liang, Guopeng, Wu, Huijun, Houssou, Albert A., Cai, Dianxiong, Wu, Xueping, Gao, Lili, Wang, Bisheng, and Li, Shengping
- Subjects
SOIL respiration ,CROP rotation ,AGRICULTURAL ecology ,SOIL enzymology ,NITROGEN in soils - Abstract
Purpose: Straw residue has been widely applied in the North China Plain agroecosystems due to their positive roles in soil fertility improvement, sustainable production, and climate change mitigation. However, little is known about how straw application alters soil respiration by influencing soil biochemical properties in this region. This is the first study to evaluate the role of soil enzyme activity and glomalin content in the response of soil respiration to straw application at different growth stages in a wheat-maize rotation system.Materials and methods: Field experiment was conducted in a wheat-maize rotation system and it contained two treatments: straw residue removal (CK) and straw residues application (SR). Soil respiration, moisture, and temperature were measured using LI-8100 at different growth stages during wheat and maize (2013–2015) growing seasons. From 2013 to 2014, soil sample (0–20 cm) was collected at different growth stages during wheat and maize growing seasons and transported to the laboratory. Glomalin content and soil enzyme activity were analyzed by using Bradford and enzyme-labeled meter method, respectively. In addition, we determined soil chemical properties such as soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total N content (TN), ammonium N (NH
4 + -N), and nitrate N (NO3 − -N) concentrations.Results and discussion: SR significantly increased soil respiration and this promotion effect became more significant after 4-year straw application. Soil respiration exhibited significant seasonal variation and was significantly increased by soil temperature withQ 10 ranging from 1.73 to 2.14 for CK and from 1.51 to 2.28 for SR. Both soil temperature and moisture accounted for 70–72% of the seasonal variation in soil respiration. SR significantly increased easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein during 2013–2014 wheat growing season except jointing stage. In addition, positive and significant effect of SR on activities of β-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase was observed at initial and vigorous growth stages. Straw application significantly increased TN, but did not significantly influence SOC, NH4 + -N, and NO3 − -N concentrations.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that straw application increased soil respiration by stimulating soil enzyme activities and improving easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein. Straw application is recommended as an agricultural management in the North China Plain because of its role in improving biochemical properties. To improve soil biochemical parameters with a relative low soil respiration rate, further information is necessary about the optimum amount of straw application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
132. Ancient DNA reveals genetic connections between early Di-Qiang and Han Chinese.
- Author
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Jiawei Li, Wen Zeng, Ye Zhang, Albert Min-Shan Ko, Chunxiang Li, Hong Zhu, Qiaomei Fu, and Hui Zhou
- Subjects
DNA analysis ,POPULATION ,MITOCHONDRIAL DNA ,ETHNOLOGY ,PHYLOGENY - Abstract
Background: Ancient Di-Qiang people once resided in the Ganqing region of China, adjacent to the Central Plain area from where Han Chinese originated. While gene flow between the Di-Qiang and Han Chinese has been proposed, there is no evidence to support this view. Here we analyzed the human remains from an early Di-Qiang site (Mogou site dated ∼4000 years old) and compared them to other ancient DNA across China, including an early Han-related site (Hengbei site dated ∼3000 years old) to establish the underlying genetic relationship between the Di-Qiang and ancestors of Han Chinese. Results: We found Mogou mtDNA haplogroups were highly diverse, comprising 14 haplogroups: A, B, C, D (D*, D4, D5), F, G, M7, M8, M10, M13, M25, N*, N9a and Z. In contrast, Mogou males were all Y-DNA haplogroup O3a2/P201; specifically one male was further assigned to O3a2c1a/M117 using targeted unique regions on the non-recombining region of the Y-chromosome. We compared Mogou to 7 other ancient and 38 modern Chinese groups, in a total of 1793 individuals and found that Mogou shared close genetic distances with Taojiazhai (a more recent Di-Qiang population), Hengbei and Northern Han. We modeled their interactions using Approximate Bayesian Computation and support was given to a potential admixture of ∼13-18% between the Mogou and Northern Han around 3300-3800 years ago. Conclusions: Mogou harbors the earliest genetically identifiable Di-Qiang, ancestral to the Taojiazhai and up to ∼33% paternal and ∼70% of its maternal haplogroups could be found in present-day Northern Han Chinese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
133. Investigating the Underlying Factors of Corruption in the Public Construction Sector: Evidence from China.
- Author
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Shan, Ming, Le, Yun, Yiu, Kenneth, Chan, Albert, and Hu, Yi
- Subjects
CONSTRUCTION industry ,PUBLIC sector ,CORRUPTION in the construction industry ,STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,QUANTITATIVE research - Abstract
Over recent years, the issue of corruption in the public construction sector has attracted increasing attention from both practitioners and researchers worldwide. However, limited efforts are available for investigating the underlying factors of corruption in this sector. Thus, this study attempted to bridge this knowledge gap by exploring the underlying factors of corruption in the public construction sector of China. To achieve this goal, a total of 14 structured interviews were first carried out, and a questionnaire survey was then administered to 188 professionals in China. Two iterations of multivariate analysis approaches, namely, stepwise multiple regression analysis and partial least squares structural equation modeling were successively utilized to analyze the collected data. In addition, a case study was also conducted to triangulate the findings obtained from the statistical analysis. The results generated from these three research methods achieve the same conclusion: the most influential underlying factor leading to corruption was immorality, followed by opacity, unfairness, procedural violation, and contractual violation. This study has contributed to the body of knowledge by exploring the properties of corruption in the public construction sector. The findings from this study are also valuable to the construction authorities as they can assist in developing more effective anti-corruption strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
134. Reference data for BabyBody-plethysmographic measurements in Chinese neonates and infants.
- Author
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Jiang, Gaoli, Li, Albert, Wang, Libo, Qian, Liling, Cao, Yun, Huang, Jianfeng, Wan, Chengzhou, and Zhang, Xiaobo
- Subjects
- *
INFANTS , *PLETHYSMOGRAPHY , *PHYSIOLOGICAL aspects of body weight , *MULTIVARIABLE testing ,NEWBORN infant health - Abstract
ABSTRACT Background and objective Population-specific pulmonary function reference data are essential to identify the nature and severity of respiratory diseases. However, there is a lack of reference data for Chinese neonates and infants. The objective of this study was to develop reference data for tidal breathing and plethysmographic measurements for Chinese subjects during the first 2 years of life. Methods Data of tidal breathing and plethysmography from healthy Chinese neonates (≤28 days) and infants (1-24 months) using the Jaeger MasterScreen BabyBody were collated. All subjects were sedated for the tests. Multivariable analyses were performed to determine predictive variables for the pulmonary function parameters. Reference equations for outcomes were constructed using multilevel modelling and the LMS (lambda-mu-sigma) method was used for establishing smoothed reference percentiles. Results Four hundred and ten healthy subjects were tested. Acceptable measurements of tidal breathing analysis and plethysmography outcomes were obtained in 396 (96.6%) and 370 (90.4%) subjects, respectively. Normal reference percentiles and equations for the main parameters of tidal breathing and plethysmography were derived from test occasions of 211 neonates and 185 infants. Body weight, crown-heel length and age were significantly associated with lung function, of which length was the strongest predictor. Conclusion This study provides reference data of BabyBody-plethysmographic measurements for healthy Chinese subjects in their first 2 years of life. Weight and length are the strongest predictors for neonatal and infant lung function, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
135. Empirical comparison of critical success factors for public-private partnerships in developing and developed countries.
- Author
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Osei-Kyei, Robert and Chan, Albert P. C.
- Subjects
PUBLIC-private sector cooperation ,CONSTRUCTION industry ,CRITICAL success factor ,DEVELOPING countries ,TECHNOLOGY transfer - Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the similarities and differences of critical success factors (CSFs) for public-private partnership (PPP) projects in developing and developed countries, using Ghana and Hong Kong as examples.Design/methodology/approach An empirical questionnaire survey was conducted with experienced PPP practitioners in Ghana and Hong Kong. Survey responses were analysed using Kendall’s concordance analysis, mean score ranking, quartile groupings analysis and Mann-Whitney U test.Findings The results indicate that a favourable legal and regulatory framework is very critical in both jurisdictions. Further, technology transfer, technological innovation, public/community participation and coordination and government providing financial support are of low importance in both jurisdictions. The non-parametric test shows that 16 CSFs are of different importance in Ghana and Hong Kong. Specifically, CSFs related to the socio-political and economic conditions of PPP projects are very critical in Ghana, whereas CSFs directly related to the organisation and relationship of PPP projects are very critical in Hong Kong.Originality/value The outputs of this study add to the international best practice framework for successful PPP implementation. Further, international private investors and governments who are yet to adopt the PPP concept would be considerably informed of the investment strategies to employ when engaging in PPP arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
136. Comparative Analysis of the Success Criteria for Public–Private Partnership Projects in Ghana and Hong Kong.
- Author
-
Osei-Kyei, Robert and Chan, Albert P. C.
- Subjects
PROJECT management ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RISK management in business - Abstract
The criteria for measuring the success of public– private partnership (PPP) projects have become very topical because of the global interest in PPP project success. This article empirically investigates the differences and similarities of PPP project success criteria in developing and developed economies, represented by Ghana and Hong Kong, respectively. Results reveal profitability, meeting output specifications, and adherence to budget as the top three success criteria in Ghana, whereas adherence to budget, adherence to time, and effective risk management are considered more important in Hong Kong. The findings inform practitioners of the success measures considered in PPP in developing and developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
137. Magmatic-hydrothermal origin of the early Triassic Laodou lode gold deposit in the Xiahe-Hezuo district, West Qinling orogen, China: implications for gold metallogeny.
- Author
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Jin, Xiao-ye, Li, Jian-wei, Hofstra, Albert, and Sui, Ji-xiang
- Subjects
GOLD mining ,METALLOGENY ,FAULT zones ,PYRITES ,OROGENIC belts - Abstract
The Xiahe-Hezuo district in the West Qinling orogen contains numerous Au-(As-Sb) and Cu-Au-(W) deposits. The district is divided into eastern and western zones by the Xiahe-Hezuo Fault. The western zone is exposed at a shallow level and contains sediment-hosted disseminated Au-(As-Sb) deposits, whereas the eastern zone is exposed at a deeper level and contains Cu-Au-(W) skarn and lode gold deposits within or close to granitic intrusions. The Laodou gold deposit in the eastern zone consists of auriferous quartz-sulfide-tourmaline and minor quartz-stibnite veins that are structurally controlled by fault zones transecting the Laodou quartz diorite porphyry stock and enveloped by potassic and phyllic alteration. Both the veins and alteration halos commonly contain quartz, sericite, tourmaline, pyrite, and arsenopyrite, with minor galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, and enargite. Gold occurs mainly as invisible gold in pyrite or arsenopyrite and locally as inclusions less than 50 μm in diameter. The zircon U-Pb age of 247.6 ± 1.3 Ma (2 σ) on the host quartz diorite porphyry and the sericite Ar/Ar plateau ages of 249.1 ± 1.6 and 249.0 ± 1.5 Ma (2 σ) on two ore-related hydrothermal sericite samples are within analytical errors of one another. At the formation temperature (275 °C) inferred from microthermometric measurements of fluid inclusion, sericite and tourmaline yield calculated δD values of −70 to −45‰ and δ O of 5.8 to 9.7‰, while quartz yields calculated δ O values of 5.1∼5.7‰. Hydrothermal tourmaline in quartz-sulfide-tourmaline veins has δ B of −11.2 to −0.9‰ (mean of −6.3‰) that are similar to the values of magmatic tourmaline (−8.9 to −5.5‰ with a mean of −6.8‰) in the host quartz diorite porphyry. The δ S values of sulfide minerals range from −5.9 to +5.8‰ with a mean of −0.6‰ that is typical of magmatic sulfur. Pyrite from hydrothermally altered quartz diorite porphyry and quartz-sulfide-tourmaline veins have relatively homogeneous lead isotopic compositions, compatible with granitic intrusions in the district. The geochronological and isotopic data combined support a magmatic origin for the Laodou gold deposit, most likely formed from fluids exsolved from the Laodou quartz diorite porphyry or associated intrusive phases at deeper levels beneath the stock. Orogenic and Carlin-like gold deposits in the West Qinling orogen have been commonly thought to have formed from metamorphic fluids. This study, however, highlights the role of magmatic-derived fluids in the formation of lode gold deposits. Synthesis of geochronological, geological, and geochemical data on magmatic rocks and ore deposits in and surrounding the Xiahe-Hezuo district indicates that gold mineralization predominantly occurred within a subduction-related magmatic arc prior to collision between the Yangtze and North China cratons that produced the West Qinling orogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
138. The Three-Power Gamble.
- Author
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Axelbank, Albert and Nakamura, Koji
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL alliances ,CAPITALISM - Abstract
The article authors are of the view that recognition of China would lead to unlocking the shackles that have so far confined the Chinese giant, and allowed Japan and the U.S. to operate virtually undisturbed in an area that is historically, ethnically, economically and politically akin to China. Thus the trans-Pacific agreement is important to the maintenance of these economic superpowers. It means a gamble that a Tokyo-Washington alliance, based partly on Sino-Soviet petulance, can chaperone Japanese-American capitalism, more or less intact, into the 21st century. In order to "win" this three-way international bet, the U.S. must hold Japan and China apart; and Japan must keep itself and the U.S. aloof from China.
- Published
- 1970
139. Import arbitrage, supply headwinds push down zinc TCs; lead TCs up [corrected].
- Author
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Ju, Yiwen, Mackenzie, Albert, Fulton, Josh, and Zhao, Shiyue
- Subjects
ARBITRAGE ,PRICES ,IMPORTS ,FEEDSTOCK - Abstract
Treatment charges (TCs) for zinc concentrates shipped into China fell in the pricing period to Friday June 30, due to improving arbitrage conditions and supply headwinds, while domestic zinc and lead feedstock prices trended higher, sources told Fastmarkets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
140. LME base metals prices challenged by strong dollar, weak China data; nickel climbs 2.9%.
- Author
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Perry, Callum and Mackenzie, Albert
- Subjects
METAL prices ,NICKEL ,CURRENCY strength ,NICKEL (Coin) - Abstract
Three-month base metals prices on the London Metal Exchange were largely under pressure at the 5pm close on Thursday June 29, but nickel outperformed its peers with a 2.9% gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
141. Copper concs TC/RC up slightly, market quiet due to China holidays.
- Author
-
Zhang, Sally and Mackenzie, Albert
- Subjects
COPPER ,HOLIDAYS ,FESTIVALS ,BOATS & boating - Abstract
Copper concentrates continue rise in the week to Friday June 23 and are up 14% since the start of April despite the market being quiet because of the Dragon Boat Festival in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
142. LME base metals prices down, China recovery still weak.
- Author
-
Mackenzie, Albert
- Subjects
METAL prices ,NICKEL ,PRICES ,METAL complexes ,NICKEL mining - Abstract
All prices were down across the London Metal Exchange base metals complex at the 5pm close of trading on Monday June 19, with nickel showing the biggest percentage change, down by 2.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
143. Zinc TCs unchanged; weaker futures cut into profits.
- Author
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Ju, Yiwen, Mackenzie, Albert, Fulton, Josh, and Zhao, Shiyue
- Subjects
FUTURES sales & prices ,PRICE cutting ,SMELTING furnaces - Abstract
Treatment charges for zinc concentrates shipped into China remained unchanged over the recent two weeks. Meanwhile, decreasing futures prices cut into miner and smelter profits, sources told Fastmarkets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
144. Global spot copper cathode market broadly stable, more Interest in imports in China.
- Author
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Zhang, Sally, Esmen, Yasemin, and Mackenzie, Albert
- Subjects
COPPER ,CATHODES ,IMPORTS ,PRICES - Abstract
The spot markets for copper in Europe and the US continued to be quiet in the pricing sessions ended Tuesday June 13, although some import interest was seen in China due to relatively strong premiums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
145. Chinese copper premium up on improving arb; rise in US copper supply sends premium to one-year low.
- Author
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Luk, Julian, Zhang, Sally, Esmen, Yasemin, and Mackenzie, Albert
- Subjects
COPPER prices ,ARBITRAGE - Abstract
Recent falls in the price of copper led to a better arbitrage for sales of copper to China, while improved supply in the US put pressure on the physical premium in the week ended Tuesday May 30. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
146. LME base metals move up after NDRC comments on manufacturing in China.
- Author
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Mackenzie, Albert
- Subjects
ROLLING (Metalwork) ,METAL prices ,METALS ,ALUMINUM - Abstract
Three-month base metals prices on the London Metal Exchange were all up at the 5pm close on Wednesday May 17, on positive manufacturing news from China after Tuesday's near complex-wide declines (bar aluminium). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
147. Outlook for base metals still 'hinges on China,' Sucden analysts say.
- Author
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Dudman, Imogen and Mackenzie, Albert
- Subjects
BANKING industry ,METALS ,FINANCIAL analysts - Abstract
China's gradual demand recovery remains key to a more positive base metals outlook, while banking sector risk has accelerated recessionary fears, according to analysts at Sucden Financial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
148. Spot copper TC/RCs rise; delegates on way to CESCO in Chile.
- Author
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Luk, Julian, Zhang, Sally, and Mackenzie, Albert
- Subjects
SMELTING furnaces ,EXPORT marketing - Abstract
Spot buying in the global copper markets was limited in the week to Friday April 14, with maintenance work already under way at big copper smelters in China reducing spot-buying appetite in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
149. Understanding Collusive Practices in Chinese Construction Projects.
- Author
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Ming Shan, Chan, Albert P. C., Yun Le, Yi Hu, and Bo Xia
- Subjects
- *
BUILDING design & construction , *CONSTRUCTION projects , *PRICE fixing , *FALSIFICATION of data , *CORRUPTION , *SUPPLIERS - Abstract
Collusion is of critical concern to the construction sector as it undermines free competition in the construction market. Given that previous research on collusive practices concentrates mainly on the bidding phase, this study extended the research focus to the entire construction period and aimed to investigate specific collusive practices in Chinese construction projects. A total of 22 specific collusive practices in Chinese construction projects were first identified based on a comprehensive literature review and a Delphi survey with 15 industry experts. Then, a questionnaire survey was conducted to prioritize the identified collusive practices in terms of their probability and severity. The survey results indicate that the primary collusive practices in Chinese construction projects are misrepresentation of qualification certificates, loose site supervision, misusing prequalification requirements, fake tendering, approval of the unnecessary change orders, collective collusive tendering by helping one another, the nomination of a particular supplier, issuing certified works falsely, and inflating tender price. The findings of the study not only provide a clearer picture of collusive practices in construction projects in China but also provide a better understanding of collusive practices in other emerging economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
150. Care cascade structural intervention versus standard of care in the diagnosis and treatment of HIV in China: a cluster-randomized controlled trial protocol.
- Author
-
Yurong Mao, Zunyou Wu, McGoogan, Jennifer M., Liu, David, Diane Gu, Erinoff, Lynda, Ling, Walter, VanVeldhuisen, Paul, Detels, Roger, Hasson, Albert L., Lindblad, Robert, Montaner, Julio S. G., Zhenzhu Tang, Yan Zhao, Mao, Yurong, Wu, Zunyou, Gu, Diane, Tang, Zhenzhu, and Zhao, Yan
- Subjects
HIV infections ,THERAPEUTICS ,ANTIRETROVIRAL agents ,CD4 lymphocyte count ,POINT-of-care testing ,VIRAL load ,CLINICAL medicine ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,COMPARATIVE studies ,COUNSELING ,HOSPITALS ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL databases ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL quality control ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH protocols ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH funding ,EVALUATION research ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,HIV seroconversion - Abstract
Background: The high rate of attrition along the care cascade of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in lost opportunities to provide timely antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to prevent unnecessarily high mortality. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a structural intervention, the one-stop ("One4All") strategy that streamlines China's HIV care cascade with the intent to improve testing completeness, ART initiation, viral suppression, and mortality.Method: A two-arm, cluster-randomized controlled trial was implemented in twelve county hospitals in Guangxi China to test the effectiveness of the One4All strategy (intervention arm) compared to the current standard of care (SOC; control arm). The twelve study hospitals were selected for homogeneity and allocated one-to-one to the intervention and control arms. All patients screening HIV positive in study hospitals were enrolled. Target study enrollment was 180 participants per arm, 30 participants per hospital. Basic demographic information was collected as well as HIV risk behavior and route of infection. In intervention hospitals, patients then went on to receive point-of-care CD4 testing and in-parallel viral load (VL) testing whereas patients in control hospitals progressed through the usual SOC cascade. The primary outcome measure was testing completeness within 30 days of positive initial HIV screening result. Testing completeness was defined as receipt of all tests, test results, and post-test counseling. The secondary outcome measure was ART initiation (receipt of first ART prescriptions) within 90 days of positive initial HIV screening result. Tertiary outcome measures were viral suppression (≤200 copies/mL) and all-cause mortality at 12 months.Discussion: We expect that this first-ever, cluster-randomized controlled trial of a bundle of interventions intended to streamline the HIV care cascade in China (the One4All strategy) will provide strong evidence for the benefit of accelerating diagnosis, thorough clinical assessment, and ART initiation via an optimized HIV care cascade. We furthermore anticipate that this evidence will be valuable to policymakers looking to elevate China's overall HIV/AIDS response to meet the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets and the broader, global goal of eradication of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT02084316 . (Registered on March 7, 2014). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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