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In recent years, the prevalence of allergic diseases has increased significantly, causing great concern, and wheat, as one of the top 8 food allergens, is a common allergy trigger. Nevertheless, reliable estimates of the positivity rate of wheat allergens in the allergic population in China are still lacking. The systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the positive detection rate of wheat allergens in the Chinese allergic population and further provide a reference for the prevention of allergy. CNKI, CQVIP, WAN-FANG DATA, Sino Med, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were retrieved. Related research and case reports about the positive rate of wheat allergen in the Chinese allergic population published from inception to June 30, 2022, were searched, and meta-analysis was performed using Stata software. The pooled positive rate of wheat allergens and 95% confidence interval were calculated by random effect models, and the publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test. A total of 13 articles were included for the final meta-analysis, in which wheat allergen detection methods involved only serum sIgE testing and SPT assessment. The results showed that the wheat allergen positivity detection rate in Chinese allergic patients was 7.30% (95% CI 5.68–8.92%). Subgroup analysis showed that the positivity rate of wheat allergens was influenced by region, but hardly by age and assessment method. The positive rates of wheat allergy in the population with allergic diseases were 2.74% (95% CI 0.90–4.58%) and 11.47% (95% CI 7.08–15.87%) in southern and northern China, respectively. In particular, the positive rates of wheat allergens were greater than 10% in Shaanxi, Henan and Nei Mongol, all of which belong to the northern region. These results suggest that wheat allergens are an important cause of sensitization in allergic populations from northern China, and therefore attention should be paid to early prevention in high-risk populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The most effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases is liver transplantation, which is impeded by the shortage of donor livers. Split liver transplantation (SLT) is important for addressing the donor liver shortage. However, full-right full-left SLT for two adult recipients is globally rarely conducted. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of this technique. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 22 recipients who underwent full-right full-left SLT at Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital between January, 2021 and September, 2022. The graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR), cold ischemia time, operation time, length of the anhepatic phase, intraoperative blood loss, and red blood cell transfusion amount were all analyzed. The differences in liver function recovery after transplantation were compared between the left and right hemiliver groups. The postoperative complications and prognosis of the recipients were also analyzed. Results: The livers of 11 donors were transplanted into 22 adult recipients. The GRWR ranged from 1.16–1.65%, the cold ischemia time was 282.86 ± 134.87 min, the operation time was 371.32 ± 75.36 min, the anhepatic phase lasted 60.73 ± 19.00 min, the intraoperative blood loss was 759.09 ± 316.84 mL, and the red blood cell transfusion amount was 695.45 ± 393.67 mL. No significant difference in the levels of liver function markers, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, or alanine aminotransferase between left and right hemiliver groups at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 d postoperatively was observed (both p > 0.05). One recipient developed bile leakage 10 d after transplantation, which improved with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-guided nasobiliary drainage and stent placement. Another developed portal vein thrombosis 12 d after transplantation and underwent portal vein thrombectomy and stenting to restore portal vein blood flow. A color Doppler ultrasound performed 2 d after transplantation revealed hepatic artery thrombosis in one patient, and thrombolytic therapy was administered to restore hepatic artery blood flow. The liver function of other patients recovered quickly after transplantation. Conclusions: Full-right full-left SLT for two adult patients is an efficient way to increase the donor pool. It is safe and feasible with careful donor and recipient selection. Transplant hospitals with highly experienced surgeons in SLT are recommended to promote using full-right full-left SLT for two adult recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Figures and Table Graph: Figure 1 (A) The hepatic veins of Segments V and VIII were retained in the right hemiliver and reconstructed with iliac artery. (B) The retrohepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) was divided by longitudinal transection of the front and back walls. (D) Reconstruction of the MHV and IVC in the left hemiliver graft. [Extracted from the article]

Aim. To investigate the current status of NBDs' core competencies through latent profile analysis, identify potential subgroups and their population characteristics, and analyze the influencing factors of different categories. Background. NBDs are essential in the treatment and rehabilitation of burn patients. However, the core competencies of Chinese NBDs are seldom reported. Methods. Our analyses were based on a cross-sectional and multicenter study of 267 Chinese NBDs. Latent profile analysis was employed to identify NBDs' core competence profiles using the NBD Core Competencies Self-rating Scale (NBD-CCSS). We then explored the characteristics among different profiles and determined socio-demographic variables associated with profile membership by conducting ANOVA, Chi-square test, and multinominal logistic regression analyses. Results. A 3-profile model provided the best fit. The three profiles were titled "skillful competencies" (Class 1, n = 77, 28.8%), "moderate competencies" (Class 2, n = 140, 52.4%), and "poor competencies" (Class 3, n = 50, 18.7%). Regression analysis suggested that professional title, years of employment, and BICU experience were influencing factors of NBDs' profile membership of core competencies. NBDs who were supervisor nurses or above (OR = 0.802, 95% CI: 0.009, 0.759), with more than 7 years of employment (OR = 0.091, 95% CI: 0.009, 0.906) and BICU experience (OR = 3.564, 95% CI: 1.423, 8.925) were more likely to fall into Class 1. Conclusions. Our findings could provide evidence for nursing administrators to develop training programs to enhance NBDs' core competencies. In particular, variables associated with profile membership determined in the study may facilitate more tailored training strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims. Currently sedation is a common practice in colonoscopy to reduce pain of patients and improve the operator satisfaction, whereas its impact on examination quality, especially adenoma detection rate (ADR) is still controversial. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association of sedation with ADR. Methods. Consecutive patients receiving colonoscopy between January 2017 and January 2020 at the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China, were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to investigate the association between sedation and ADR. Subgroup analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) analysis, as sensitivity analysis, were performed to validate the independent effect. Results. The ADR was significantly higher in cases with sedation (ADR: 36.9% vs. 29.1%, odds ratio [OR]: 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31–1.55, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the sedation was an independent factor associated with ADR (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.35–1.65, P < 0.001). The effect was consistent in subgroup analyses (P > 0.05) and PSM analysis (ADR: 37.6% vs. 29.1%, OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.33–1.63, P < 0.001). Conclusion. Sedation was associated with a higher polyp and ADR s during colonoscopy, which can promote the quality of colonoscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has been a major threat for successful TB control. We examined the relationship between social support and treatment outcomes in MDR-TB patients and evaluated barriers to social support.Methods: Retrospective cohort study with MDR-TB patients enrolled in the Global Fund programme between 1 January 2009 and 30 June 2014 in Zhejiang, China. We reviewed all MDR-TB patients' diagnoses and treatment outcomes. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 community health workers and 10 patients. Pathway analysis was employed to examine the association between social support and treatment outcomes, and the mediating effect of medication adherence on their relationship.Results: Of 218 participants, 144 (66%) were successfully treated and 59 (27%) had poor treatment adherence. Directly observed therapy (DOT) had an indirect positive effect on treatment success, mediating through medication adherence (β = 0.541, P = 0.008; β = 0.538, P < 0.001). Financial support had both a direct (β = 0.769, P < 0.001) and an indirect positive effect on treatment success, which was mediated by a self-reported social support scale (β = 0.541, P = 0.008; β = 0.538, P < 0.001). The interviews indicated poor performance of DOT. Patients often suffered from substantial stigma, but were not provided with psychological support.Conclusion: DOT and financial support were effective strategies for improving successful treatment outcomes in MDR-TB patients, but they were delivered not considering patients' perspectives. There is an urgent need for consistent and specific psychological support for MDR-TB patients in their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diverging runways are receiving considerable attention as replacements for parallel runways when constructing three or more runways in China. This has been prompted by the limitations associated with a single-direction airspace and associated regulations when using parallel runways. However, the operating efficiency of diverging runways is still greatly constrained by the separation standard for departing aircraft in CCAR-93TM-R5 and Decree of CAAC NO.123. To address these problems, an improved runway operation capacity model for a V-open multirunway airport is proposed to reduce the separation standard based on the equivalent lateral separation operation (ELSO) standard. A collision risk module is first proposed to assess the feasibility and safety of the proposed policy. Also, a novel runway capacity model for V-open multiple runways is then built to improve the operating efficiency for diverging runway. A series of comparative experiments based on actual flight data from Chengdu Tianfu International Airport demonstrated that reducing the divergence angle from 15° to 10° improved the runway operation capacity by about 8% based on the proposed improved policy. These research results could play a major role in facilitating appropriate amendments to the associated CAAC operation regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The efficacy and safety of high‐dose amoxicillin (AMX) and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) dual therapy raises much more attention in recent years. Comparative studies among the dual therapies are required to explore more suitable regimens. This study compared the efficacy, adverse events, and patient compliance of three different high‐dose dual regimens in treatment‐naive patients of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective, multicenter, open‐label, randomized controlled trial, including H. pylori‐infected treatment‐naive patients at 12 tertiary hospitals in China. The eligible subjects received high‐dose AMX and esomeprazole (ESO) dual therapy of different regimens. They were randomly assigned to group A (ESO 20 mg plus AMX 750 mg, Qid for 14 days), group B (ESO 40 mg Bid plus AMX 1 g Tid for 14 days), or group C (ESO 20 mg plus AMX 1 g, Tid for 14 days). The eradication rates, adverse events, and patient compliance of the three groups were compared. Results: Between April 2021 and January 2022, a total of 1080 subjects were screened and 945 were randomized. The eradication rates in groups A, B, and C were 88.6% (95% CI 84.5%–91.9%), 84.4% (95% CI 80.0%–88.3%), and 86.7% (95% CI 82.4%–90.2%; p =.315), respectively, based on intention‐to‐treat analysis; 90.3% (95% CI 86.4%–93.3%), 85.5% (95% CI 81.1%–89.2%), and 87.8% (95% CI 83.6%–91.2%; p =.197), respectively, according to modified intention‐to‐treat analysis; and 90.4% (95% CI 86.5%–93.5%), 85.8% (95% CI 81.4%–89.5%), and 88.3% (95% CI 84.1%–91.7%; p =.202) in per‐protocol analysis. History of antibiotics use in 2 years reduced eradication effect in group B (ESO 40 mg Bid, AMX 1 g Tid). The modified intention‐to‐treat eradication rates were 81.4% vs 90.0% among those with or without a history of antibiotics use in group B (p =.031). The adverse event rates were 13.7%, 12.7%, and 12.1% in groups A, B, and C, respectively (p =.834). Patient compliance of the three groups was similar. Conclusions: Two optimized AMX and PPI dual regimens (ESO 40 mg Bid or 20 mg Tid plus AMX 1 g Tid for 14 days) had similar efficacy, safety and compliance as compared with classical dual regimen (ESO 20 mg plus AMX 750 mg Qid for 14 days) in H. pylori‐infected treatment‐naive patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanization influences hydrologic cycle significantly on local, regional even global scale. With urbanization the water resources demand for dense population sharpened, thus it is a great challenge to ensure water supply for some metropolises such as Beijing. Urban area is traditionally considered as the area with lower evapotranspiration (ET) on account of the impervious surface and the lower wind speed. For most remote sensing models, the ET, defined as latent heat in energy budget, is estimated as the difference between net radiation and sensible heat. The sensible heat is generally higher in urban area due to the high surface temperature caused by heat island, therefore the latent heat (i.e. the ET) in urban area is lower than that in other region. We estimated water consumption from 2003 to 2012 in Beijing based on water balance method and found that the annual mean ET in urban area was about 654 mm. However, using Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) model, the annual mean ET in urban area was only 348 mm. We attributed this inconsistence to the impact of anthropogenic heat and quantified this impact on the basis of the night-light maps. Therefore, a new model SEBS-Urban, coupling SEBS model and anthropogenic heat was developed to estimate the ET in urban area. The ET in urban area of Beijing estimated by SEBS-Urban showed a good agreement with the ET from water balance method. The findings from this study highlighted that anthropogenic heat should be included in the surface energy budget for a highly urbanized area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycobacteria, which are known as rapidly growing bacteria, are pathogens that are responsible for cutaneous or subcutaneous infections that especially occur after injection, trauma, or surgery. In this report, we describe a species of Mycobacterium abscessus that was isolated from a breast abscess in a patient who was previously diagnosed with granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM). This current case is the first ever presented case of GLM associated with M. abscessus documented in South China. The case presentation highlights the role of M. abscessus in GLM. The association of M. abscessus and GLM is discussed and a summary of breast infection due to Mycobacteria is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective accumulated temperature (EAT) is a basic index to predict plant growing and development, while EATs for key stages during Echinochloa crus‐galli seed‐setting are still unclear. We collected three E. crus‐galli populations (Nanling [NL], Feidong [FD], and Sihong [SH]) from different rice fields in eastern China and conducted four sets of pot experiments in a greenhouse. Plants of the three populations sown on May 9–12, averagely reproduced 484–671 mature seeds per plant; showed a duration of 67–76 days from sowing to heading, with an average EAT of 1,156–1,274°C; showed a duration of 90–94 days from sowing to seeds starting maturation in plant individuals with average EATs about 1,571–1,647°C; and showed a maturation stage lasting for 14–36 days. Significant negative correlations (p <.01) were found between the period of collecting day after seed maturation and the number or 1,000‐seed weight of mature seeds collected on the day, in each set of experiment. Compared with NL individuals sown on May 9, NL individuals sown on April 10 needed significantly higher EATs for periods from sowing to seed maturation, and from heading to seed maturation. According to logistic regressions, duration days needed for 50% of seeds to mature were 93–122 days after sowing, with EATs of 1,625–1893°C for these E. crus‐galli populations. This study revealed EATs for E. crus‐galli seed‐setting, which suggested time windows for panicle‐removing control of E. crus‐galli in rice fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Albuminuria is characteristic of early-stage diabetic nephropathy (DN). The conventional treatments with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) are unable to prevent the development of albuminuria in normotensive individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Purpose. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of ARB combined with a Chinese formula Qidan Dihuang grain (QDDHG) in improving albuminuria and Traditional Chinese Medicine Symptom (TCMS) scores in normotensive individuals with T2DM. Methods. Eligible patients were randomized to the treatment group and the control group. Results. Compared with baseline (week 0), both treatment and control groups markedly improved the 24-hour albuminuria, total proteinuria (TPU), and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (A/C) at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Between treatment and the control group, the levels of albuminuria in the treatment group were significantly lower than in the control group at 8 and 12 weeks (p<0.05). In addition, treatment group markedly decreased the scores of TCMS after treatment. Conclusion. This trial suggests that QDDHG combined with ARB administration decreases the levels of albuminuria and the scores for TCMS in normotensive individuals with T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified to be associated with late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) through genome-wide association study data. Identification of SNP-SNP interaction played an important role in better understanding genetic basis of LOAD. In this study, fifty-eight SNPs were screened in a cohort of 229 LOAD cases and 318 controls from mainland China, and their interaction was evaluated by a series of analysis methods. Seven risk SNPs and six protective SNPs were identified to be associated with LOAD. Risk SNPs included rs9331888 (CLU), rs6691117 (CR1), rs4938933 (MS4A), rs9349407 (CD2AP), rs1160985 (TOMM40), rs4945261 (GAB2) and rs5984894 (PCDH11X); Protective SNPs consisted of rs744373 (BIN1), rs1562990 (MS4A), rs597668 (EXOC3L2), rs9271192 (HLA-DRB5/DRB1), rs157581 and rs11556505 (TOMM40). Among positive SNPs presented above, we found the interaction between rs4938933 (risk) and rs1562990 (protective) in MS4A weakened their each effect for LOAD; for three significant SNPs in TOMM40, their cumulative interaction induced the two protective SNPs effects lost and made the risk SNP effect aggravate for LOAD. Finally, we found rs6656401-rs3865444 (CR1-CD33) pairs were significantly associated with decreasing LOAD risk, while rs28834970-rs6656401 (PTK2B-CR1), and rs28834970-rs6656401 (PTK2B-CD33) were associated with increasing LOAD risk. In a word, our study indicates that SNP-SNP interaction existed in the same gene or cross different genes, which could weaken or aggravate their initial single effects for LOAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of China's manufacturing industry has received global attention. However, research on the distribution pattern, changes, and driving forces of the manufacturing industry has been limited by the accessibility of data. This study proposes a method for classifying based on natural language processing. A case study was conducted employing this method, hotspot detection and driving force analysis, wherein the driving forces industrial development during the "13th Five-Year plan" period in Jiangsu province were determined. The main conclusions of the empirical case study are as follows. 1) Through the acquisition of Amap's point-of-interest (POI, a special point location that commonly used in modern automotive navigation systems.) data, an industry type classification algorithm based on the natural language processing of POI names is proposed, with Jiangsu Province serving as an example. The empirical test shows that the accuracy was 95%, and the kappa coefficient was 0.872. 2) The seven types of manufacturing industries including the pulp and paper (PP) industry, metallurgical chemical (MC) industry, pharmaceutical manufacturing (PM) industry, machinery and electronics (ME) industry, wood furniture (WF) industry, textile clothing (TC) industry, and agricultural and food product processing (AF) industry are drawn through a 1 km× 1km projection grid. The evolution map of the spatial pattern and the density field hotspots are also drawn. 3) After analyzing the driving forces of the changes in the number of manufacturing industries mentioned above, we found that manufacturing base, distance from town, population, GDP per capita, distance from the railway station were the significant driving factors of changes in the manufacturing industries mentioned above. The results of this research can help guide the development of manufacturing industries, maximize the advantages of regional factors and conditions, and provide insight into how the spatial layout of the manufacturing industry could be optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psychosocial stress and stressful life events are known to aggravate allergic diseases. Less is known about the impact of stress management skills on allergies. Here we sought to determine whether stress management skills are associated with the allergies and to assess the combined effects of stress management skills and stressful events on allergy risk.Methods: A survey on risk factors for self-reported allergic diseases was carried out among 28,144 southern Chinese people; 14 stressful life events and 8 stress management skills were retrospectively recorded in a case-control setting with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Multiplicative and additive interactions between stressful events and stress management skills were evaluated.Results: Stressful events significantly increased allergy risk. The odds ratio (OR) for allergies was 1.65 (95% confidence interval CI, 1.41-1.93) for those reporting one or two stressful events and 3.10 (95% CI, 2.55-3.79) for those reporting more than three stressful events compared to participants without stressful events. Stress management skills were adversely associated with allergic risk for people experiencing stressful events (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53-0.97) when adjusted demographically, particularly "concentrate on pleasant thoughts at bedtime" (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.51-0.89), "pace myself to prevent tiredness" (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.54-0.83), "get enough sleep" (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.32-0.72) and "take some time for relaxation each day" (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.37-0.80). But in people without stressful events, no association was observed. There was a significant linear trend for allergy risk from good stress management skills with no stressful events to poor stress management skills with stressful events (P < 0.001), with significant interaction in additive models (P = 0.006).Conclusions: There are independent and antagonistic combined associations of stressful life events and stress management skills with allergy risk. The data supports the use of stress management skills in managing allergic disease among people with stressful life events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epoxiconazole is an effective pesticide to control Fusarium head blight (FHB), and the application will increase. To investigate the ecotoxicity of epoxiconazole to soil microbiome, we carried out an indoor experiment in which soils from two main regions of wheat production in China (Nanjing and Anyang) were treated with epoxiconazole (0, 0.0625, 0.625, or 6.25 mg kg–1) and incubated for 90 days. Under epoxiconazole stress, for bacteria and fungi, the abundance was increased and the diversity and community were impacted. In Anyang soil, the half-life of epoxiconazole was short with more increased species (linear discriminant analysis effect size biomarkers) and more increased xenobiotics biodegradation pathways in epoxiconazole treatments. The increased species mostly due to high abundance in initial state and more positive connections of the species. Co-occurrences revealed that epoxiconazole tightened bacterial connection, and increased positive correlations in Anyang soil. The N transformation was influenced with increased nifH and amoA; and the contents of NH 4 +-N and NO 3 –-N were also increased. The functions of C, S, and manganese metabolisms were also impacted by epoxiconazole. This work expands our understanding about epoxiconazole degradation and help us to properly assess the risk of epoxiconazole in soil. [Display omitted] • Soil microbial ecology was impacted by epoxiconazole. • The degradation efficiency is based on the abundance and the related connection of some species. • Increased xenobiotics biodegradation pathways increased epoxiconazole degradation. • N, C, S, and Mu metabolisms were influenced by epoxiconazole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP, Italy) Regional Climate Model version 3.0 (RegCM3) is used to simulate spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and radiative forcing (RF) of organic carbon (OC) aerosols in and around China. The preliminary simulation results show that OC aerosols are mostly concentrated in the area to the south of Yellow River and east of Tibetan Plateau. There is a decreasing trend of column burden of OC aerosols from south to north in China. The maximum value of column burden of OC aerosols is above 3 mg/m² and located in the central and southern China, southeastern Tibet, and southwestern China's Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan provinces. The simulation on the seasonal variation shows that the maximum value of column burden of OC aerosols appears in winter and the secondary value is in spring and the minimum in summer. The RF of OC aerosols which varies seasonally is negative at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and surface. The spatio-temporal characteristics of the RF of OC aerosols are basically consistent with that of IPCC, implying the high accuracy of the parameterization scheme for OC aerosols in RegCM3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) constitutes an important plant species cultivated in China due the benefits and applications in different areas. Moreover, nitrogen is an essential nutrient during the growth and development of plant. Here, we present the effects of nitrogen on soil microbiome in welsh onion plants. We used High-throughput sequencing analysis to determine the diversity and abundances of microbes associated to soil rhizosphere in welsh onion under the influence of nitrogen application. Nitrogen application significantly influenced in the diversity of fungal community. The relative abundance of Orbiliomycetes increased with the nitrogen concentration. Nitrogen application did not affect the diversity of bacterial community, whereas the relative abundance of Acidobacteria_Gp2, Verrucomicrobiae and Sphingobacteriia decreased with the nitrogen condition. In this work, we introduced evidences of the effect of nitrogen fertilization on microbial community in welsh onion rhizosphere, and the change of microbial community may interfere the growth and development of welsh onion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis, a severe infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, arouses huge concerns globally. In this study, a total of 331,594 TB cases in Zhejiang Province were notified during the period of 2009–2018 with the gender ratio of male to female 2.16:1. The notified TB incidences demonstrated a continuously declining trend from 75.38/100,000 to 52.25/100,000. Seasonally, the notified TB cases presented as low in January and February closely followed an apparent rise in March and April. Further stratification analysis by both genders demonstrated the double peak phenomenon in the younger population ("15–35") and the elders (">55") of the whole group. Results from the rate difference (RD) analysis showed that the rising TB incidence mainly presented in the young group of "15–20" and elder group of "65–70", implying that some implementations such as the increased frequency of checkup in specific student groups and strengthening of elder health examination could be explored and integrated into available health policy. Finally, the SARIMA (2,0,2) (0,1,1)12 was determined as the optimal prediction model, which could be used in the further prediction of TB in Zhejiang Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garcinia multiflora is a kind of evergreen tree which is widely distributed in the south of China. However, few researches focused on the constituents in different parts of G. multiflora as well as their potential targets and pathways in vivo. To clarify the chemical constituents of G. multiflora rapidly and predict the potential targets as well as pathways in vivo that this plant may have effects on, a feasible and accurate strategy was developed to identify the chemical constituents in fruits, leaves, and branches of G. multiflora by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with Q‐Exactive hybrid quadrupole‐orbitrap high‐resolution accurate mass spectrometry. Network pharmacology was then employed and a "compounds‐targets‐diseases" network was established. Sixty‐one compounds including polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols, xanthones, and flavonoids were finally identified in different parts of G. multiflora, and the contents of seven constituents were quantified, respectively. On the basis of the network pharmacology analysis results, compounds in this plant were speculated to have potential pharmacodynamic effect on cancer, inflammatory, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic diseases. This research will provide a new method for the advanced study on the pharmacodynamic materials basis of G. multiflora, and offer valuable evidences for medicinal purpose of this plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To investigate the factors associated with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis among drug resistant tuberculosis patients and to determine the correlation of rifampicin-resistant TB with MDR-TB in a high MDR-TB burden province of china. Methods. A retrospective longitudinal analysis on four surveys of anti-TB drug resistance done in 1998, 2003, 2008, and 2013 in Zhejiang province, China. 4289 sputum-smear microscopy positive suspected tuberculosis patients were eligible at 30 investigation points, chosen by stratified random sampling at survey sites from all over the province. Culturing samples in L-J medium and the drug-susceptibility testing for the 4 first-line anti-TB drugs were performed to all patients. Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to determine the factors associated with the rifampicin-resistance in the study population. Results. Overall, there were 3832 patients with positive mycobacterial cultures, and 2813 of the isolates (73.4%) were susceptible to all 4 first-line drugs. Analysis of rifampin monoresistant (RMR) TB indicated the prevalence was 1.1% in new cases and 3.4% in previously treated cases. Among the 359 rifampicin resistant TB (RR-TB) cases, 279 (77.7%) were also resistant to isoniazid, indicating MDR-TB. From 1998 to 2013, the proportion of MDR-TB among rifampicin-resistant TB cases varied between 80.0% and 87.5% (P for trend: 0.768) among previously treated cases and varied from 68.6% to 79.5% (P for trend: 0.403) among new cases. Among previously treated patients, those who received treatment for less than 6 months were less likely to have drug resistant TB (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.16–0.97) or MDR-TB (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07–0.81). Patients who received anti-TB treatment in a general hospital were less likely to develop MDR-TB than those treated in a TB clinic (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01–0.72). Conclusion. This study highlights a high proportion of RMR-TB among new RR-TB cases in Zhejiang, China. The management of treatment with rapid and accurate diagnosis of MDR-TB other than only relying on RIF susceptibility testing is crucial for improving adherence and outcomes in patients with drug-resistant TB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Our evidence has shown that active case-finding of tuberculosis might be effective in high prevalence area with a low economic level, particularly among the elderly and people with a history of TB. • New rapid diagnosis technology should be considered to decrease the TB prevalence in people with a history of TB. • ACF screening could identify more active TB cases than PCF by a TB surveillance system in high prevalence area with underdeveloped economics. Tuberculosis (TB) is a critical global public threat, and limited epidemiology studies have been performed to explore the efficacy of active TB screening. Three sites located in eastern China were chosen in 2013, and three rounds of systematic screenings were performed in permanent residents aged older than 15 years. The TB incidence showed a downtrend after several rounds of active screening at the three sites, and a significant change was observed at site A in the overall population. In the target population at sites A and B, both the elderly and people with a history of TB had a remarkable decline through the first or second round of screening. The implementation of active case-finding identified 2.36 [1.47,3.81] (2013 vs. 2012) and 1.49 [1.1,2.03] (2013–2015 vs. 2010–2012) more potential cases than the passive case-finding by the surveillance system at site A. Active case-finding of tuberculosis might be effective in high prevalence area with a low economic level, particularly among the elderly and people with a history of TB. Additionally, new rapid diagnosis technology should be considered to decrease the prevalence among people with a history of TB. Ultimately, active screening identified more active TB cases than passive case-finding, particularly in high prevalence area with underdeveloped economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of colonic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and to validate the prognostic value of the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th staging systems. Methods: A total of 167 and 1248 patients with colonic NENs from 12 medical centers across China and from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry in the United States, respectively, were reviewed. Patients were staged according to the ENETS and AJCC 8th staging systems. Results: Clinicopathological features of colonic NENs in the Chinese cohort and SEER cohort were significantly distinct. In both the Chinese cohort and the SEER cohort, colonic neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) and mixed adeno‐neuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) were more frequent in the midgut than in the hindgut. Tumors originating from the midgut tended to be larger and at a more advanced stage than those from the hindgut. The AJCC 8th staging system and the ENETS system appeared to have similar prognostic ability for colonic NEC/MANEC. Conclusions: Our study revealed that tumors originating from the midgut and the hindgut shared different clinicopathological features. The AJCC 8th staging system and the ENETS system appeared to have similar prognostic ability for colonic NEC/MANEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five new aromatic compounds, designed as lucidumins A-D (1–4) and lucidimine E (9), along with seven known aromatic compounds (5–8 , 10–12) were isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic method. Bioactive evaluation showed that compounds 2–4 and 6–10 displayed remarkable neuroprotective activities against corticosterone-induced PC12 cell damage, with the cell viability ranging from 69.99% to 126.00%; and compounds 1–4 , 9 and 10 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities against LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages, with IC 50 values ranging from 4.68 to 15.49 μM. In particular, compound 10 showed remarkable neuroprotection with EC 50 value of 2.49 ± 0.12 μM, and potent anti-inflammation with IC 50 value of 4.68 ± 0.09 μM. Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To explore the experiences of immigrant nurses working in Shanghai, China. Background: With the development of China, population growth has been accelerating. Simultaneously, the number of immigrant nurses in Shanghai has been increasing dramatically. Meanwhile, their turnover rate is abnormally high, primarily because of job concerns stemming from cultural differences. An understanding of immigrant nurses’ job concerns caused by cultural differences can be used to help them to work more efficiently and cohesively. We aimed to investigate immigrant nurses’ lived experiences regarding job concerns caused by cultural differences in Shanghai, China. Methods: This is a phenomenological study. In‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted with fifteen immigrant nurses from January–July 2016. Data were collected using audio‐taped face‐to‐face interviews; the narratives were then transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Results: The following three major themes emerged from the data: “communication difficulties,” “work adjustment difficulties” and “life adjustment difficulties.” The eight sub‐themes within these were as follows: (i) language barrier, (ii) inability to integrate oneself with the local culture, (iii) feelings of unfairness, (iv) difficulty asking for leave, (v) feeling stressed, (vi) not being acclimatised, (vii) feeling helpless and (viii) feeling guilt at being unable to take care of their family. Conclusion: It is important to implement appropriate training programmes on language and cultural adaptation for immigrant nurses. To enhance integrate immigrant nurses into Shanghai's society, more support needs to be provided. Relevance to clinical practice: Administrators in hospitals should pay attention to immigrant nurses’ job concerns that are caused by cultural differences and provide timely and effective assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sediment accumulation and budget in the continental margins provides abundant information of source-sink processes from the land to the sea, including weathering, human activities and sedimentary environment. Here we show the distribution of mud areas, modern sedimentation rates and sediment budget in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Using grain size data of more than 18 000 surface sediment samples and 210Pb data from 413 sites, we identify five areas with sediments mainly composed of fine-grained fractions (mean grain size more than 6 φ) and find a relatively high sedimentation rates of >1.5 mm/yr in the mud areas. Near the Yellow and Yangtze River deltas sedimentation reaches >95 mm/yr. Approximately 1185×106 tons of fine-grained sediment accumulate annually in the mud areas of the east China seas. Atmospheric deposition contributes <2% (18.37 ×106 tons/yr), while the riverine sediment inputs account for >75% (917×106 tons/yr). The remainder comes from all other sources including coastal erosion and resuspension of bottom sediments. In addition, ~45% of the fluvial sediment supply deposits on the subaerial delta, ~40–50% is trapped on the subaqueous delta and shelf, and the remainder less than 5% escapes the shelf edge. The results will be a strong foundation for understanding of the transport, deposit and preservation of sediment and other relevant material（e.g. carbon and nutrient etc.）of terrestrial materials in the sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]