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This study investigates the attitudes and self-efficacy of university art education teachers in Wuxi, China, toward Artificial Intelligence (AI). Using Social Cognitive Theory and Diffusion of Innovations Theory, 384 valid questionnaires were collected. The results show that teachers generally lack confidence in AI, with only the “ease of use” dimension receiving positive feedback among five dimensions: relative advantage, compatibility, ease of use, trialability, and observability. Differences in attitudes and self-efficacy were found, with single teachers, associate professors, and digital art instructors exhibiting more positive attitudes and higher confidence. A significant positive correlation was found between teachers' attitudes toward AI and their self-efficacy in applying it in classrooms. The study proposes strategies to foster more positive perspectives and self-efficacy regarding AI for art educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural resources are limited, and people often share these limited resources in groups, which creates an intergroup resource dilemma. To understand individuals' sustainable behaviours in intergroup resource dilemmas in the context of group interactions, the present research systematically investigates the effect of outgroup conspiracy theories on sustainable behaviours and preliminarily explores the internal mechanism underlying this effect. First, a survey study (Study 1) relying on real‐world intergroup relations first confirmed the negative correlation between outgroup conspiracy beliefs and sustainable intentions in intergroup resource dilemmas. Then, an online experimental study that utilized the real situation of a region in China (Study 2) tested the causal relationship between exposure to an outgroup conspiracy theory and sustainable intentions, as well as showing the mediating role of intergroup threat perception underlying this relationship. Finally, a preregistered experimental laboratory study (Study 3) further verified the causal effect of exposure to an outgroup conspiracy theory on sustainable behaviours, again confirming the mediating role of intergroup threat perception. In general, our research demonstrates that exposure to an outgroup conspiracy theory stimulates individuals' environmental neglect and reduces their sustainable behaviours by increasing their perceptions of intergroup threat when faced with intergroup resource dilemmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the impact of nurses' paternalistic leadership style on performance, in the presence of underlying mechanisms, i.e. self-efficacy as a mediator in the high-power distance societies, namely, China and Pakistan, based on social exchange theory. Both healthcare sectors have seen several behavioral advancements in recent years. To improve things, even more, behavioral elements such as the influence of leadership styles, personality traits and so on have become more important. However, leadership styles, particularly paternalistic leadership, have received little attention in this field and need to be highlighted along with the mediating and moderating effects. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from public and private sector hospitals in China and Pakistan using a 6-week time lag technique. Firstly, 356 Chinese and 411 Pakistani nurses were surveyed about their perceptions of power distance, self-efficacy and paternalistic leadership. Their managers were called six weeks later for a dyadic response to provide feedback on nurses' performance. For confirmatory factor analysis, AMOS 22 and for regression analysis, SPSS 22 was used. Findings: According to the study's findings, nurses in both countries perform well when led by a paternalistic leader. Furthermore, self-efficacy explains the relationship between paternalistic leaders and nurses' performance. The moderated-mediation result also supported the importance of power distance. Originality/value: This study highlights the kind of nursing leadership which is beneficial in high-power-distance societies and leads to better performance. According to this research, paternalistic leadership improves nurses' performance in both China and Pakistan. As a result, this study will be useful in high-power-distance societies, where hospital administrators can ensure that paternalism is implemented in leadership, thereby improving nurse performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research recognizes intergroup emotions as crucial for intergroup attitudes and interactions, but the psychological mechanisms linking prior intergroup interactions to contact intentions remain incompletely understood. This study investigated the joint effects and interplay of Chinese students' positive and negative contact on behavioural intentions to interact with international students in the future. Six affective variables (fear, anger, anxiety, empathy, happiness, and trust) were tested as mediators. Results revealed that positive contact directly predicted stronger contact willingness and indirectly affected this variable through lower levels of fear, anger, and anxiety and higher levels of empathy, happiness, and trust. Negative contact, however, was negatively associated with positive emotions and contact willingness and predicted more negative emotions. All intergroup emotions played significant mediating roles in the relationship between intergroup contact and willingness for future contact, and anxiety, fear, and trust emerged as robust mediators. Notably, positive contact had larger effects as compared to negative contact. Moreover, no association was observed between negative contact and intergroup emotions when positive contact was frequent. However, when both positive and negative contact were at higher levels, positive contact emerged as a more influential predictor of all intergroup emotions. This research emphasizes examining both positive and negative contact and affective variables as contact mediators, shedding light on enhancing contact intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is a country with a strong tradition of family-centered care, and family members are the main caregivers for children with disabilities. This article aims to explore how they overcome difficulties when faced with challenges and to examine the emergence of family resilience. This study adopted a qualitative research method, and two rounds of in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 families. The findings combined family resilience theory and inductive themes from empirical experiences. As a result of the stigma associated with disability, such families may feel ashamed and lose their 'face'. Their family belief system includes the destiny view and living in the moment, which allows them to make sense of their situation and maintain a positive outlook. Conclusions revealed how parents perceive their situation and construct their family's organizational and communication patterns to cope with challenges. Points of interest: In China, families of children with disabilities face a wide range of pressures, including stigma associated with disabilities, a heavy economic burden and tense family relationships. Parents and other family members are the primary caregivers of children with disabilities, with the government playing only a supporting role. Family belief system involving living in the moment helps these families to make meaning of their situation and maintain a positive outlook. Families of children with disabilities in China have developed their own culturally-based family organization and communication style to develop resilience. The research recommended that a family-centered social support system should be developed to help these families foster resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern China's acceptance of Dewey's legacy of aesthetic thought is divided into three main periods. In 1906–49, Dewey's Art as Experience was noticed, but due to the fact that China was more concerned with the social realities and national crisis at that time, its aesthetic thought appeared as an accessory to Dewey's social philosophy and educational thought, and its rich significance was properly realized only within the practice of aesthetic education. From 1949 to 1978, Dewey's aesthetics was effectively suppressed through China's ideological storms. From 1978 to the present, benefitting through China's policies of reform and opening, Dewey's aesthetics gradually gained the attention of Chinese academics and found expression in considerable research that develops the book's legacy in distinctive forms of contemporary Chinese aesthetics: life aesthetics, somaesthetics, and ecological aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ingratiation is an impression management tactic used by those who seek to obtain the favor of others. Previous studies mainly examine the role of ingratiation from the initiator's perspective, ignoring observers' reactions when they are confronted with their peers' ingratiating behaviors. Drawing on social comparison theory, this study employs a third-party framework to explain the pathways between observed ingratiation and ostracism and analyzes data from a time-lagged survey and two scenario-based experiments in the Chinese context. Observed ingratiation triggers third-party employees' ostracism of flatterers by arousing a sense of future status threats. Moreover, when observers' goals are competitive with those of ingratiators, the adverse effects of observed ingratiation are exacerbated, whereas their leader–member exchange social comparison (LMXSC) buffers its unfavorable effects. These findings advance ingratiation studies by extending the research perspective from that of initiator–target dyads to third-party employees and unveiling a vital mediator (future status threats) and two essential opposite moderators (competitive goals and LMXSC) in the internal mechanism underlying the observed ingratiation–ostracism link. Further, although ingratiation may induce benefits for ingratiators, managers must recognize that it can be destructive for third-party employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a "positive–negative" debate on the development of the bottom‐line mentality (BLM) concept. Previous research showed a relationship between BLM and unethical pro‐organizational behaviour (UPB) and revealed that BLM positively affected UPB. This research aims to challenge this partial view and calls for a more balanced and comprehensive view of the BLM concept by revealing the potential negative influencing mechanism between BLM and UPB. Drawing from social information processing theory, we construct a moderated‐mediation model to test the mediating mechanism through different individual‐level processes in the Chinese context. Findings indicate that team BLM positively affects member UPB via state performance‐prove goal orientation and perceived insider status and negatively affects member UPB via state performance‐avoid goal orientation. These results confirm the overall positive relationship between team BLM and member UPB but also document the possible inhibitory mechanism of BLM on UPB. This study is the first to acknowledge the potential negative relationship between BLM and UPB, which deserves attention. This research also presents a complete picture of the BLM literature. The findings of this work have significant implications in enabling organizations to appropriately handle BLM and its relationship with UPB dynamically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, older adults whose only child has died are known as shiduers ; these people are not only deeply impacted by their individual bereavement from losing their child but are also influenced by macro institutional factors. To further investigate this unintended consequence of the one-child policy and to illustrate the mechanism of influence of institutional factors on the sufferings and grief experiences of this population, this study conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 shiduers in Wuhan, China. In line with Ulrich Beck's theory of risk society, the findings argue that the crises inherent in institutional factors not only affect the post-loss experiences of shiduers in harmful ways but also pose a number of life difficulties that are difficult to control and mitigate. More importantly, most shiduers ' life difficulties are rationalized, gradually transforming into manufactured and widespread shidu risks that persist long-term throughout their aging process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although structural family theory proposes that family boundaries play a significant role in marital relationships, limited empirical evidence supports this theoretical model. The present study tested structural family theory by examining the complex associations between intergenerational boundaries and adult children's marital satisfaction, as well as the indirect effect of family adaptability and cohesion. A nonclinical convenience sample of individuals (333 participants, 168 females) married for at least one year was recruited. Participants provided self-report data on demographic variables, family boundaries, family cohesion and adaptability, and marital satisfaction. The internal intrusion score (intrusion by families of origin on the nuclear family) of intergenerational family boundaries was negatively associated with marital satisfaction, while the external intrusion score (intrusion by the nuclear family on families of origin) was positively associated with marital satisfaction. The effect of intergenerational family boundaries on marital satisfaction was exerted indirectly through family cohesion and adaptability. There was a significant association between intergenerational family boundaries and adult children's marital satisfaction. This study contributes to the conceptual framework of structural family theory, enabling family therapy practitioners to better understand the pathways through which intergenerational family boundaries impact adult children's marital satisfaction. Highlights: The findings shed light on the critical role that intergenerational family boundaries in marital relationships. The internal intrusion of intergenerational family boundaries was negatively associated with marital satisfaction, while the external intrusion demonstrated a positive association. The findings suggested a significant indirect association between family boundaries and marital satisfaction through family cohesion and family adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conspiracy theories tend to be prevalent, particularly in societies with high economic inequality. However, few studies have examined the relationship between economic inequality and belief in conspiracy theories. We propose that economic inequality leads people to believe conspiracy theories about economically advantaged groups (i.e., upwards conspiracy theories) and that moral evaluations of those groups mediate this relationship. Study 1 (N = 300) found support for these ideas in a survey among Chinese residents. Study 2 (N = 160) manipulated participants' perceptions of economic inequality in a virtual society. The manipulation shaped moral evaluations of economically advantaged groups, and conspiracy beliefs, in the predicted manner. In Study 3 (N = 191) and Study 4 (N = 210), we experimentally manipulated participants' perceptions of economic inequality in real Chinese society and replicated the results of Study 2. In addition, in Study 4, we find that economic inequality predicts belief in conspiracy theories about economically disadvantaged groups (i.e., downward conspiracy theories), which was mediated by anomie. We conclude that perceived economic inequality predicts conspiracy theories about economically advantaged groups and that moral evaluations account for this effect. Also, upward and downward conspiracy theory beliefs are associated with different psychological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing the global challenge of sustainable waste management, this research investigates the influence of social dynamics and digital connectivity on rural residents' willingness to adopt waste classification practices, essential for sustainable environmental management. Through a comprehensive analysis of 5413 rural participants surveyed in the China Labor-force Dynamic Survey (CLDS), this study employs a novel mixed-methods approach. It integrates quantitative analysis with the Manski social interaction framework and a Recursive Bivariate Probit model to explore the intricate interplay between community interactions, internet access, and environmental behaviors. Our methodology stands out for its unique combination of social theory and econometric modeling to address a pressing environmental issue. Results highlight a significant effect of mobile internet use and social interactions within communities on enhancing willingness towards waste classification. Notably, digital connectivity emerges as a key facilitator of environmental engagement, mediating social influences, and fostering a collective approach to waste management. Considering these insights, we propose targeted policy interventions that blend digital strategies with traditional community engagement efforts. Recommendations include crafting digital literacy programs and leveraging social media to bolster community-centric environmental governance. By harnessing the synergistic potential of digital tools and social dynamics, these strategies aim to elevate the effectiveness of waste classification initiatives in rural China, offering a scalable model for environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been argued that social thought is Western-centric or Euro-centric. This essay argues that there are alternatives that have been put forward from the Global South, though they have been overlooked. Examples can be found in the different schools of thought about development that have emerged in India and China. Non-Western social thought in these two countries borrows from – but also departs from – that in the West, and includes versions of socialism, liberalism, and conservatism. These schools of thought also blur, as do Western ones, academic theories, political ideologies, and models of societal development. This essay will briefly present these schools, but the aim is not to detail them but rather to spell out their implications. These implications include that they do not map easily onto the Western left-right divide. Further, these schools illuminate how forms of inclusion and exclusion have been shaped by the state's responses to distinctive pressures "from below." In the conclusion, the essay discusses how these schools offer models for other parts of the Global South and hold a mirror up to the West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Weapons of the Rich, Thomas Heberer and Gunter Schubert (2020) have applied sociological theory and utilised primary research to argue that Chinese private entrepreneurs have been expanding their influence and becoming a powerful compeer of the Communist Party in what is a regime coalition. This review article draws on the findings of what is the most innovative and comprehensive study to date on the class of Chinese private entrepreneurs to reconsider the relevance of historical materialist concepts to the allotment of power in China around the interrelations between corporate structure, state intervention, and class formation. Stress is placed on the centrality of concentrated, capital-intensive corporations in the private and state sectors as a form of monopoly finance capital within a class conscious strategic group that joins with the party-state into a ruling class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social question‐and‐answer (Q&A) communities are becoming increasingly important for knowledge acquisition. However, some users withhold knowledge, which can hinder the effectiveness of these platforms. Based on social exchange theory, the study investigates how different types of questions influence knowledge withholding, with question difficulty and user anonymity as boundary conditions. Two experiments were conducted to test hypotheses. Results indicate that informational questions are more likely to lead to knowledge withholding than conversational ones, as they elicit more fear of negative evaluation and fear of exploitation. The study also examines the interplay of question difficulty and user anonymity with question type. Overall, this study significantly extends the existing literature on counterproductive knowledge behavior by exploring the antecedents of knowledge withholding in social Q&A communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the discourse of value-laden tourism research, knowledge about the mechanisms that manifest civilized tourism is limited. This paper uses empirical research as a basis from which to explore the generative powers of civilized tourism at the structural level of society. It identifies the structural properties of civilized tourism and five situational logics. Civilized tourism is related to civility, China's Dream, and social etiquette. These other ideas provide a condition for civilized tourism to exist. All the situational logics function to co-determine the nature of civilized tourism in the cultural system. Based on the findings, it concludes that the call for civilized tourism in China provides a condition for the formation of ethicality in tourism, which is not reducible to tourism stakeholders. The formation of ethicality is conditioned by the product of past socio-cultural interactions whilst engineered by the protective and corrective situational logics of the idealizations taking place in the present time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strong link between children's emotion regulation and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms has been documented; however, the within-person mechanisms remain unclear. Based on the self-control theory and self-regulation theory, our study investigated the longitudinal, bidirectional relationship between emotion regulation and ODD symptoms in school-age children with ODD using parent- and teacher-reported data, respectively. A total of 256 Chinese elementary school students participated in a three-wave longitudinal study spanning two years. We used the random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) to investigate the concurrent and longitudinal associations between emotion regulation and ODD symptoms. Results from the RI-CLPMs revealed that ODD symptoms were negatively correlated with emotion regulation and positively correlated with emotion lability/negativity at both the between-person and within-person levels across settings. Additionally, in the school setting, emotion regulation negatively predicted subsequent ODD symptoms but not vice versa, whereas emotion lability/negativity was bidirectionally associated with ODD symptoms over time. The longitudinal associations of ODD symptoms with emotion regulation and lability/negativity were not observed in the home setting. These findings suggest a circular mechanism between children's emotion regulation and ODD symptoms and support the view that emotion regulation, particularly emotion lability/negativity, plays an important role in the development of ODD symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MOOCs (massive open online courses) have attracted a great deal of research and attention; however, few studies have focused on the factors that influence MOOC teacher effectiveness, which is the key to the development of MOOCs. Based on the perspective of professional capital and social exchange theory, this paper aims to study the factors that influence MOOC teacher effectiveness. First, the research hypotheses are proposed from the teacher's perspective to build the research model based on factors affecting MOOC teacher effectiveness. Second, the iCourse platform is selected as the research object because it has the largest number of active users in China. As of March 1, 2019, the effective research data of 7380 teachers were obtained from iCourse to build a multivariate regression model. The results highlight the main factors that affect MOOC teacher effectiveness from the perspective of professional capital. Finally, relevant suggestions are proposed for the development of MOOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The public's trust in the authorities has a great impact on people's perception and cognition on development of different types of urban transport infrastructure projects (UTIPs). Given the importance of public acceptance for the efficient construction and operation of UTIPs, this study aims at investigating the personal and environmental factors that influence public acceptance behavior from the perspective of stakeholder management. Design/methodology/approach: Based on social cognitive theory (SCT), this study explores the multiple dimensions of social trust on public acceptance in the development of UTIPs by a comparative case study. Two types of UTIPs, a metro railway and a bridge in the Wuhan City, China, were selected as cases, with a questionnaire distributed among the public to collect their sense of trust towards the development of these projects. The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings: This study reveals that social trust positively influences public acceptance, directly or indirectly through perceived benefit and -risks and self-efficacy. However, the emphasis on social trust about competence and integrity of the authorities varies with the types of projects. Self-efficacy worked as the "mirror of trust" reflecting people's attitude towards social trust in the authorities on their ability and morality. Originality/value: The value of the paper lies in discussing social trust from multiple dimensions in the field of urban infrastructures, which provides new insights into specific mechanisms for shaping public acceptance in project management towards the development of UTIPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rates of lung cancer in China are rising rapidly, creating an urgent need for prevention. Effective prevention measures require understanding local beliefs and perceptions about the risk for developing lung cancer. This article explores the explanations that Chinese lung cancer patients and their families give about the aetiology of their disease. Fifty-three interviews were conducted among lung cancer patients and their family members at a large tumour hospital in southern China. Participants presented a complex multifactorial explanation of lung cancer associating their disease with risks like tobacco use, occupational exposures, environmental pollution, lifestyle changes, and personal characters. While these are all standard risk factors commonly associated with lung cancer, participants presented them within a larger contextual frame of structural issues that impede their ability to change their behaviours. Using a social ecological model, we demonstrate how China's socio-cultural environment shapes assumptions about the risk of lung cancer with particular reference to work, home, social situations, and the natural environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Society: Chinese Journal of Sociology / Shehui is the property of Society: Chinese Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Corresponding to the party-state's expressed ambition to build a just society, Chinese citizenship education involves educating students for social justice. This paper critically examines the discursive subject of social justice in official citizenship education by analyzing school textbooks and interviewing schoolteachers. It sheds light on the discursive construction of social justice primarily through narratives of justice rather than injustice. Drawing upon the notion that injustice is distinct from and has priority over justice in moral and political philosophy and social theory, this paper argues that the positive discursive construction of social justice enables the party-state to manipulate social consensus and manufacture depoliticized, individualized and authoritarian citizenship. Seeing the lack of opportunity to teach and learn social injustice as epistemic injustice in itself, the paper suggests that education for social justice should be oriented as education against social injustice in China and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fast‐developing Internet is changing the way people interact, this new phenomenon helps people build and accumulate online social capital. However, the influence of online social capital on individual health is controversial. Based on the social capital theory, this study examined the effect of online social capital on health in subgroups with different levels of offline social capital. Data from the China Family Panel Studies of 2016 were used (N = 13,910), and the propensity score matching approach was used to address potential endogeneity problems. The results show that offline social capital had significant positive associations with individual health; although online social capital had few effects on individual health overall, significant health effects of online social capital were observed in subgroups with different offline social capital levels. In subgroups with less general trust and neighborhood social capital, more online social capital was associated with less depression; while in subgroups with more neighborhood social capital, more online social capital was associated with an elevated probability of two‐week morbidity. Our findings further clarify the relationship between online/offline social capital and individual health. Online social capital can be considered as a supplement of offline social capital when it comes to health promotion, and more online contact should be encouraged when offline social capital of individuals or within the community is scarce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do labor organizations with a movement orientation arise in an authoritarian regime? How do they organize workers collectively in a repressive society? What movement roles do they play? What challenges do they face? To answer these questions, I use synthesized social movement theories to examine movement-oriented labor non-governmental organizations in China. Based on qualitative data collected through triangulated sources, I find that movement-oriented labor non-governmental organizations use political opportunities to promote one type of modular collective labor action, which consists of three tactics, namely the election of worker representatives, collective negotiation, and protest. They guide workers to build mobilizing and connective structures, formulate collective action frames, and amass movement resources. However, the movement roles of this type of labor non-governmental organization have weakened, owing to diminishing political opportunities caused by changes in government administration. This research contributes to our understanding of social movement theories, labor organizations in China, labor non-governmental organizations and worker centers generally, and state–society relations in non-democracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exchange theory suggests that social unfairness, including conflict and inequality experienced locally at both personal and neighbourhood levels, reduces social trust generally. To test these uncharted suggestions, the present study analysed two‐wave panel survey data on a representative national sample of 25,618 Chinese adults. Results demonstrated that higher social unfairness experienced personally in 2010 significantly predicted lower social trust in 2014. Neighbourhood social unfairness, which was the average of social unfairness experienced in neighbourhood residents, was also negatively predictive of social trust at neighbourhood and thus personal levels. This supports the extension of exchange theory from the personal level to the neighbourhood level. Results imply the relevance of social unfairness at both personal and neighbourhood levels to social trust in China. They also imply the significance of personal and collective interests in exchange theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on social exchange theory, this study examines when and why high performers may fail to obtain supervisory career mentoring (SCM). Although high performance by protégés often makes SCM more efficient and successful, we argue that supervising mentors may be reluctant to offer SCM due to the victimization of high performers that has been shown by recent findings in the supervision literature. We further propose that high performers should be high in perspective‐taking, a core relational competence and a key individual factor that moderates the relationship between protégé performance and SCM. Findings from a multi‐source multi‐time survey (Study 1) and an online experiment (Study 2) consistently show that when high performers are low in perspective‐taking, they are less likely to receive SCM. Moreover, the findings from Study 2 also show that low perspective‐taking by high performers significantly reduces supervisors' expected benefits from mentoring them, which in turn leads to the supervisors having low willingness to mentor. Our research therefore highlights the importance of taking into account the interaction between task and relational competence in understanding how protégé characteristics may influence SCM in organizational settings. The paper concludes with theoretical and practical implications. Practitioner points: At workplace, employees tend to focus on improving their performance and task competence and believe that high performance can help them receive more resources to develop their career. However, if they cannot imagine oneself in another's shoes, high performance can lead to less positive results.High performers should take others' perspective to understand what others feel and think to reduce potential threats seen by the supervisor and their colleagues. Therefore, task and relational competence are equally important.Organizations can help their employees develop this perspective‐taking, including creating more opportunities (e.g., informal social events or formal training) for employees and their supervisors to understand each other's work roles, perspectives and values, which can help employees to understand their supervisors' views and stand in their supervisors' shoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Illness perceptions are important for patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH), as they determine health-related behaviors and motivations. Patients with IAH in many countries have poor illness perception, and there is a paucity of research exploring the effectiveness of Common Sense Model (CSM)-based interventions in this population. Objective: To investigate the effects of a CSM-based intervention program on perceptions of illness in patients with insulin-treated T2DM and IAH. Design: Quasi-randomized controlled trial. Methods: 78 patients with IAH receiving routine care were included. The intervention group (n = 39) participated in a CSM-based program, whereas the control group (n = 39) did not. Illness perceptions, coping styles, hypoglycemia fear, and awareness of hypoglycemia at baseline, 1, and 3 months were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results: The intervention group exhibited significant improvements in consequences (β = -1.615, P = 0.032); personal control (β = −1.897, P = 0.006); treatment control (β = −1.274, P = 0.046); and positive coping style (β = 4.872, P = 0.002) at the 3-month follow-up, and timeline (β = 2.769, P = 0.004) at the 1-month follow-up. Hypoglycemia fear and awareness were not significantly improved in the intervention group compared with the control group. No intervention-related adverse events were observed. Conclusions: A CSM-based intervention program can modify illness perceptions to an extent and improve the positive coping style in patients with IAH. Impact statementNurses should conduct a CSM-based intervention program to help patients with IAH improve illness perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout a wide realm of discourses in contemporary China, from official propaganda projects to online discussions amongst netizens, rearticulations of Chinese national identity are ubiquitous and conspicuous. Rather than depict these phenomena as simply manifestations of nationalism fomented by authoritarian rhetoric as is often the case in Western media, this paper will offer a more nuanced interpretation through the Hegelian notions of recognition and disrespect insofar as they operate in the construction of identity, in this case, Chinese national identity. The social theory of the struggle for recognition and identity formation as articulated by contemporary recognition theorist Axel Honneth will be used as a framework to explore 1) recognition and disrespect in the construction of identity, 2) the possibility of utilizing such a framework within international relations, and 3) how the contemporary rearticulation(s) of Chinese national identity can be understood through the notions of recognition and disrespect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses debates about the normative implications of nominalism by considering significant Enlightenment assessments of China's society and politics. Enlightenment universalism has been criticized as an insufficient bulwark against nominalist tendencies towards cultural or subjective relativism, and (in its Anglo‐French formulations) as responsible for the ills of modernity which need to be overcome by a 'spiritual turn' in Critical Realism. Yet in response to the nominalist aspects of the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes (1588‐1679), the early Enlightenment thinkers Pierre Bayle (1647‐1706), Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646‐1716), and the Baron de Montesquieu (1689‐1755) countered the nominalist denial of the reality of universal concepts while conceding the validity of multiple cultural perspectives on the social and political world. Each thinker attempted to reconcile certain universal ethical standards with the fact of cultural and epistemic diversity as demonstrated by China, with differing levels of success. Indeed, their considerations on Hobbesian nominalism and views on China are tied to conceptions of the social as a sphere in many ways independent of the political order—a general development in western social and political theory in the late seventeenth to eighteenth centuries. Thus, the links between their responses to ethical nominalism and conceptions of the Chinese social and political order shed crucial light on debates internal to Enlightenment thought relative to non‐European cultures, and in turn on the development of classical social theory. Furthermore, their anti‐nominalist universalist theories which nevertheless accounted for particular and often incommensurable cultural frameworks can be seen as early modern precursors to ongoing efforts to navigate between extreme versions of universalism and relativism, and as constituting 'philosophical under‐labour' for contemporary social theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nominalism, while significantly affecting the history and development of modern western thought since the fourteenth century, has unfortunately been neglected in much recent social theory. In this article, we offer an introduction to this Special Forum on nominalism to help redress this circumstance. In addition to this introductory piece, the Forum consists of three articles respectively covering: questions of nominalism, relativism and universalism in relation to Enlightenment debates over China; tensions over nominalist and realist theoretical visualities in Durkheim and Weber; and a critique of nominalist sensibilities in the sociology of finance combined with the articulation of a novel sociologically realist alternative. Specifically, in this piece, we contextualize the emergence of nominalism, adumbrating how it affects a variety of metatheoretical judgments, especially concerning the nature of social reality and what can possibly be known about it. Michel Foucault's nominalism and Ian Hacking's conception of 'dynamic nominalism' are also discussed. Finally, it invites critical realists to consider how commitments to humanism might implicate them in nominalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The change in the efficacy of antimicrobial agents due to their misuse is implicated in extensive health and mortality related concerns. The Antibiotics Use Questionnaire (AUQ) is a theory driven measure based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TpB) factors that is designed to investigate drivers of antibiotic use behaviour. The objective of this study is to replicate the factor structure from the pilot study within a similar Australian confirmation cohort, and to extend this through investigating if the factor structure holds in a Chinese-identifying cohort., Methods: The AUQ was disseminated to two cohorts: a confirmation cohort similar to the original study, and a Chinese identifying cohort. Data analysis was completed on the two data sets independently, and on a combined data set. An orthogonal principal components analysis with varimax rotation was used to assess the factor structure, followed by general linear models to determine the influence of the TpB factors on reported antibiotic use., Results: 370 participant responses from the confirmation cohort, and 384 responses from the Chinese-identifying cohort were retained for analysis following review of the data. Results showed modest but acceptable levels of internal reliability across both cohorts. Social norms, and the interaction between attitudes and beliefs and knowledge were significant predictors of self-reported antibiotic use in both cohorts. In the confirmation cohort healthcare training was a significant predictor, and in the Chinese-identifying cohort education was a significant predictor. All other predictors tested produced a nonsignificant relationship with the outcome variable of self-reported antibiotic use., Conclusions: This study successfully replicated the factor structure of the AUQ in a confirmation cohort, as well as a cohort that identified as culturally or legally Chinese, determining that the factor structure is retained when investigated across cultures. The research additionally highlights the need for a measure such as the AUQ, which can identify how differing social, cultural, and community factors can influence what predicts indiscriminate antibiotic use. Future research will be required to determine the full extent to which this tool can be used to guide bespoke community level interventions to assist in the management of antimicrobial resistance., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Most recent research on the first three decades of the PRC has avoided theoretical reflection on the period, instead claiming an empiricist fidelity to the heterogeneity of lived experience. Yet the refusal of theory allows unexamined conceptualizations to structure the findings—conceptualizations whose plausibility arises not from the archive but from the historian's own historically situated sensibilities. This article identifies a deep orientation at work in an otherwise highly diverse set of scholarship on the early PRC. A research paradigm privileging the individual over the collective, civil society over the state, diversity over homogeneity, contingency over necessity, and fragmentation over totality has achieved important advances, but it has also foreclosed essential new directions for research. The article then sketches an alternative approach that does not simply reverse these binaries but aims to encompass both sides through a reappropriation of classical social theories such as those of Marx, Durkheim, and Freud. Building on long-neglected aspects of these theories, such as their varied approaches to a co-constitutive relation between social appearance and essence, would not displace careful empirical investigation but deepen it by revealing the full complexity of the sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is actively engaged in Afghanistan, especially with the Neo-Taliban, which indicates significant changes in China's foreign policy. The Chinese government invited the Neo-Taliban delegations several times and tried to expand their role in their country. The present study examines the impact of China's active engagement with the Neo-Taliban, using Ibn Khaldun's Social Theory and Discourse Analysis. Questioning the nature of the active engagement of China with Neo-Taliban, we hypothesized an increase in insecurity overflow from Afghanistan to China, as well as an increase in insecurity complications in Afghanistan against China's interests. It became clear that the Neo-Taliban's increasing interaction with China was to the detriment of Taliban and ultimately China. The Doha Peace Agreement requested the control and restriction of foreign fighters residing in Afghanistan, which for the foreign fighters, including the Uighurs, were a reminder of the restrictions imposed on them before the fall of the Islamic Emirate. However, Mullah Omar did not openly engage with China. This will delegitimize the Afghan Neo-Taliban and ultimately create a disperse Neo-Taliban with a fragile legitimacy, whose fragility does not seem to collapse, but will not serve China's interests either. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented wherein the authors discuss reports within the issue on topics, including the role of housing in the social and urban transformation of China in social theory, the temporal changes in the housing inequality in the country, and the concept of a hybrid housing regime.

In recent years, e‐commerce has become a phenomenal symbol for the ongoing socio‐economic transformation in China. Driven by the growth of the Internet and cyberspace, e‐commerce changes both the traditional patterns of economic transactions and the social relations embedded in social activities. E‐commerce is a new catalyst for economic growth in China as it reduces restrictions to market access and the costs of transaction. This research examines the geography of e‐commerce in China within a theoretical framework grounded by social theory and neoclassical economics. After presenting a background of the development of e‐commerce in China, the spatiality of e‐commerce and its correlation to socio‐economic variables are examined with both quantitative and geovisualization techniques. Results of this research address that the growth of e‐commerce in China presents a nationwide inequality constrained by local economic, politic, and infrastructure conditions. The growth of e‐commerce in China presents a hybrid feature in terms of spatiality, which relies on structures in both cyberspace and physical space. Policy implications and suggestions for future research were suggested based on these empirical results. A discussion of limitations associated with this research and a concluding note close the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identifies two managerial styles of expatriates (authoritative and social), and analyzes their relationship with the turnover intention of host-country nationals (HCNs). Utilizing social capital theory, we examine the mediating effects of organizational goal clarity and managerial credibility. Analyzing a sample of 475 HCNs from 19 foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in China, we find that the authoritative style is negatively associated with HCNs' perceptions of managerial credibility and positively associated with HCNs' turnover intention; conversely, the social style is positively associated with HCNs' perceptions of goal clarity and managerial credibility and negatively associated with turnover intention. Managerial implications of the test results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this article, we sought to identify a new interpersonal antecedent of knowledge hiding, namely, leader–member exchange (LMX). Drawing on the group engagement model (an extension of social identity theory within the group/organization context), we built a theoretical model linking LMX and knowledge hiding. This model focuses on the mediating role of organizational identification and the moderating role of relative LMX in influencing the mediation. Using two time‐lagged studies (Study 1: n = 317; Study 2: n = 248) conducted in China, we examined our research model. Study 1 provided support for the proposed hypotheses for evasive hiding and playing dumb but not for rationalized hiding. Study 2 replicated and extended our findings. Results revealed that (a) LMX was negatively related to evasive hiding and playing dumb but not to rationalized hiding; (b) organizational identification mediated the influence of LMX on evasive hiding and playing dumb but not on rationalized hiding; and (c) relative LMX not only moderated the relationship between LMX and organizational identification but also reinforced the indirect effect of LMX on evasive hiding and playing dumb but not on rationalized hiding (via organizational identification). The implications, limitations, and future research directions are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to investigate whether, how, and when leaders can facilitate knowledge sharing by leading ethically. Drawing on social learning theory, we hypothesize that ethical leadership can promote knowledge sharing through inducing organizational concern among employees. However, impression management climate will nullify the effect of ethical leadership on organizational concern and the consequent knowledge sharing. Two-wave data were collected from 567 employees and their supervisors from 73 teams in China. Mediation and moderated mediation hypotheses were examined using multilevel modeling. The results show that ethical leadership is positively related to knowledge sharing and that organizational concern significantly mediates the relationship. Moreover, impression management climate neutralizes the effect of ethical leadership on organizational concern and the resulting knowledge sharing. Our research suggests that leaders can enhance knowledge sharing by aligning their followers with the collective interest and generating genuine concern among them for the organization. To ensure the effectiveness of ethical leadership, organizations are recommended to put less emphasis on impression management and avoid linking performance appraisal and rewards with personal image. Employees' concern about self-interest represents a great barrier to knowledge sharing. This study is among the first to shed light on the role of ethical leadership in facilitating knowledge sharing; ethical leadership motivates employees to go beyond self-interest and show concern for the organization. We also highlight the potentially negative effect of the group climate and enrich our knowledge of impression management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Based on revenge theory and the three objectives of social interaction theory of aggression, the purpose of this paper is to develop a framework to answer why and when a subordinate's own behaviour instigates abuse at the workplace. In particular, the authors argue that subordinate gossip behaviour instils in supervisors a thought of revenge towards that subordinate, which, in turn, leads to abusive supervision. Specifically, this hypothesised relationship is augmented when the supervisor feels close to the gossiper (i.e. psychological proximity). Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted two independent studies to test the moderated mediation model, which collectively investigate why and when subordinate gossip behaviour provokes abusive supervision in the workplace. A lagged study (i.e. Study 1: 422 supervisors and subordinates) in a large retail company and an experience sampling study (i.e. Study 2: 96 supervisors and subordinates with 480 daily surveys) in multiple organisations provide support for the moderated mediation model. Findings: The two-study (i.e. a lagged study and an experience sampling study) findings support the integrated model, which has mainly focussed on instrumental consideration of abusive supervision that influences the supervisor–subordinate relationship. Originality/value: The two-study investigation has important and meaningful implications for abusive supervision research because it determines that subordinate gossip behaviour is more threating to a supervisor when the subordinate and the supervisor are psychological close to each other than when they are not. That is because when they are close, the supervisor is not expecting gossip behaviour from the subordinate, thus giving rise to an abusive workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes Wujing Township of Shanghai as a typical case to examine the process and dynamics of the production of rural space in China. Although Shanghai has generally become more urbanised and globalised than ever, the rural area in Shanghai is relatively marginalised. Production of space, as a social theory focusing on interactions between capital, power and class and their impacts on urbanisation, is applied into one such micro-scale case of community development. There are three categories of social space separations in Wujing. The main driving force of producing these separations is power: top-down policymaking represses bottom-up community self-organising. Rising housing prices driven by capital not only makes the locals only care for benefit from housing demolition, but also enlarges the gap between the locals and the migrants. It is the increasing strength of capital and power and weakened local voices that undermine community-based social space in Wujing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: Although supplier-initiated punishment is widely used to manage distributors' opportunism, its spillover effect on unpunished distributors (i.e. observers) within the same distribution network remains under-researched. Specifically, this paper aims to investigate the curvilinear effect of punishment severity on an observer's opportunism, and how such an effect is contingent on the observer's network position. Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses regression analysis with survey data gathered from 218 distributors in China's automobile industry. Findings: Punishment severity has an inverted U-shaped effect on the observers' opportunism, and such effect is weakened by both the observers' network centrality and their degree of dependence on the supplier. Practical implications: The findings should encourage suppliers to focus more on the spillover effects of punishment on observers. To this end, the supplier must deliberately initiate the appropriate level of punishment severity against its distributors because an inappropriate level of punishment severity (e.g. too lenient) may unexpectedly raise the unpunished observers' level of opportunism. Moreover, the supplier should be fully aware that observers' specific network positions may produce varying spillover effects of the punishment. Originality/value: This study enriches the literature on channel governance by revealing the curvilinear mechanism through which punishment severity influences observers' opportunism. By applying social learning theory to channel punishment research, this study unveils both the inhibitive learning and the imitative learning forces inherent in a single punishment event, and it delineates their joint effect on an observer's opportunism. In addition, this study outlines the observer's vertical and horizontal relationships within the distribution network and explores their contingent roles in determining the spillover effects of punishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to apply the social cognitive theory and social learning theory to examine the different mechanisms through which entrepreneurs' moral awareness and ethical behavior affect the product innovation of new ventures. Design/methodology/approach: The authors collected survey data from 150 founders and 389 founding team members of new ventures in China in 2015. The final sample contained 113 questionnaires from entrepreneurs and 246 questionnaires from their founding team members. Regression analyses were used to test direct effects, and Preacher and Hayes' (2004) formal mediation test approach with bootstrapping method was used to evaluate the mediation effects. Findings: The findings indicate that the ethical levels of entrepreneurs can affect the product innovation of a new venture through two paths: entrepreneurs with low levels of moral awareness tend to be more individually creative, which facilitates product innovation, and entrepreneurs with high levels of ethical behavior can make founding teams more creative, which also promotes product innovation. Practical implications: The findings of this study suggest that entrepreneurs are not negatively affected by their low moral awareness as long as they exhibit high ethical behavior with founding team members. But such low moral awareness has to be genuine. The best way to promote product innovation in the long run is to create an organizational culture of ethical behavior rather than to ignore moral issues in decision-making. Originality/value: This study challenges the assumption that moral awareness and ethical behavior are always consistent. It takes an initial step to resolve the contradiction in the current literature regarding the relationship between the ethical levels of entrepreneurs and product innovation in the context of founders and founding teams in new ventures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of a large number of Chinese women and the widespread concern about women's living conditions, this study aimed to examine how subjective well‐being mediates the association between marital relationship and women's quality of life in Chinese context. The data used in this study were collected by conducting a multi‐stage cluster random sampling method of 756 women in Huai'an city of Mainland China. Data included women's basic demographics, women's quality of life and marital quality, and women's subjective well‐being. Structural equation modeling was adopted to analyze the data. The results of structural equation modeling analysis suggested a good fit for the sample. Overall findings showed that marital relationship has a significantly direct effect on women's quality of life, and subjective well‐being can partially mediate the impact of marital relationship on women's quality of life. The implications on theory and social policy were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite extensive literature on leadership and its impact employee innovative behavior, few studies have explored the relationship between inclusive leadership and employee innovative behavior. To address this gap, this study aimed to investigate how inclusive leadership influenced employee innovative behavior by examining perceived organizational support (POS) as a mediator. We used multi-wave and multi-source data collected at 15 companies in China to test our theoretical model. Results revealed that inclusive leadership had significantly positive effects on POS and employee innovative behavior. Furthermore, POS was positively related to employee innovative behavior and partially mediated the relationship between inclusive leadership and employee innovative behavior. We discussed implications and limitations of this study as well as avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occurrences of abusive supervision are steadily rising. Previous studies have tried to explain the influence of abusive leadership on workplace outcomes from perspectives of organizational justice and leader-member exchange based on the social exchange theory. Yet, a need exists for new explanations and mechanisms related to the influence of abusive leadership. As such, this paper aims to discover new mechanisms of abusive leadership effect. Drawing from social cognitive and affective events theories, we establish a dual process model to investigate how abusive leadership affects employees' helping behaviors from motivational and emotional perspectives. We examine whether employees' self-efficacy and negative affectivity mediate the relationship between abusive leadership and helping behaviors. The data were collected from 262 employees in China. The results indicate that abusive leadership has a negative impact on helping behaviors. Self-efficacy plays a role as a mediator, while negative affectivity does not play a role as a mediator in the abusive leadership—helping behavior relationship. Organizations should spend much time and money training managers to change their abusive behavior patterns. Managers should be responsible for keeping and enhancing employees' confidence as well as avoiding the negative emotions caused by leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The worldwide rise of shared bicycle use has changed the way people travel. Here we analyze shared bicycle use from the perspective of the theory of planned behavior, and propose a model to investigate factors influencing shared bicycle usage in China. A total of 211 shared bicycle users selected from 28 provinces throughout China completed a self-reported survey. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to delineate the pathway from shared bicycle usage. The SEM model demonstrated that: (1) shared bicycle use intention was significantly associated with four variables, namely travel attitude(β = 0.491, t = 24.569), social norms(β = 0.149, t = 6.771), travel habits(β = 0.146, t = 7.226) and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.190, t = 11.110); (2) shared bicycle use behavior was significantly affected by shared bicycle use intention(β = 0.406, t = 15.936), and also by travel habits(β = 0.320, t = 11.921); (3) shared bicycle use behavior was also affected by demographic variables (gender, age) and situational factors (distance). The conclusions of this study provide useful data for operators of bicycle services and government policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]