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This study investigated the association between household characteristics, perceived family support (PFS), and the developmental outcomes (resilience, academic performance, and prosociality) among at-risk students. Our large sample included 1564 primary and secondary school students from poor rural China (M = 11.55 years old). Having a caregiver whose resilience score was in the top 50% of the sample was associated with a 0.48-point increase (or 0.31 d effect size), while having a migrant mother was correlated with a 0.26-point decrease (or 0.17 d effect size). PFS was a significant (p < 0.0001) mediator between household characteristics and developmental outcomes. Our study highlights the link between caregiver resilience and PFS, and the healthy functioning of disadvantaged students in a developing context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the third-person perceptions (TPP) regarding attitude and knowledge among journalists in China and explored factors that may affect such perceptions. Based on a stratified sample of media professionals in two different regions, it was found that TPP regarding attitude was present and stronger than TPP regarding knowledge. The results also revealed that the media environment affected TPP regarding knowledge, while political identity and perceived news quality (PNQ) affected TPP regarding attitude. In addition, the study found that key personal factors interacted with each other in affecting TPP through the mediation of two components, the perceived effect on others (PEO) and the perceived effect on self (PES). The theoretical and methodological implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the COVID-19 pandemic progressed, the resulting demand for telemedicine services increased. This research empirically examines the role of trust, privacy concerns, and perceived usefulness in customer confirmation, satisfaction, and continuing intention in telemedicine. A typology of trust was employed to classify trust into three dimensions and explore the mediating role of the three dimensions of trust in the relationship between satisfaction, perceived usefulness, and continued intention. We also examined the moderating role of personal privacy concerns in the relationship between trust and continued intention. For this study, we developed a structural equation model based on expectation confirmation theory and analyzed 465 questionnaires from Chinese online users. The expectancy confirmation theory (ECT) was reaffirmed by empirical evidence. The results showed that the relationship between perceived usefulness and satisfaction with continued intention is moderated by the three dimensions of trust. Privacy concerns can negatively moderate the relationship between structural assurance-based trust and continued intention. This study also identified potential threats to telehealth market growth alongside new insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media become an important space where people receive and share up-to-date health-related information during the rapid global spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). While information sharing in social media has been shown to improve relations, reduce stress, and enhance life satisfaction, little is known about reciprocal sharing. Situated in COVID-19 pandemic, this study conceptualizes information sharing as a communication process during which sharers expect the receivers to reciprocate, while receivers feel obligated to return the favor. Building upon social exchange theory and studies on social media sharing, the study tested a model of moderated mediation in which sharing of COVID-19 information was predicted to enhance life satisfaction by encouraging reciprocal sharing, i.e., information reciprocity. Subjective norms, attitudes, and perceived usefulness of the information was predicted to moderate the mediation. The hypothesized mediation was supported by data from a survey of 511 online participants in China. Furthermore, the indirect effect appeared stronger among the respondents who found the information more useful, reported more positive attitude, or perceived more subjective norms. The findings suggest that expected reciprocation may be an important incentive for social sharing, and received reciprocation may be a central part of the mechanism through which sharing benefits the sharer. Policymakers and communicators may need to take information reciprocity into consideration when designing health information campaign to confront communal threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambiguous perceptions of job roles by service providers may lead to poor service quality. This study sought to examine the relationship between role ambiguity and service impact among disability support workers, and further, to compare the mediating effects of job‐based and collective psychological ownership in the role ambiguity–service impact link. Data were derived from a longitudinal survey conducted in 56 cities in mainland China in 2019. 1153 social workers working in disability and rehabilitation services sectors completed the questionnaire. Structural equation modeling analyses and bootstrapping were applied to test the proposed model. The results revealed that role ambiguity is a risk factor for disability support workers' service impact. Furthermore, psychological ownership serves mediating roles in the relationship between role ambiguity and service impact among disability support workers. Even more, job‐based psychological ownership plays a more critical buffering role than collective psychological ownership does among Chinese disability support workers experiencing role ambiguity. The main findings imply that human service organizations in China face the dilemma of insufficient organizational capacity, with employees tending to resolve problems by relying more on their own resources than organizational resources. Therefore, policymakers and human service organizations should develop the organizational capacity of human service organizations to help employees overcome role ambiguity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among 116 Chinese students surveyed at the University of Wisconsin, political attitudes about the Chinese Communist party, ideology, recent party and Chinese-government actions, democracy, and intellectual freedom were related to age and time spent reading the "New York Times" but not to years spent in the United States. (SV)

Pyropia haitanensis is one of the main cultivated macroalgae in China. In recent years, the cultivation of P. haitanensis conchospores in seawater is conducted in advance to obtain earlier harvest. However, the high seawater temperature may exert negative impacts on the algae. Seven temperature conditions (25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31°C) were set in the culture of P. haitanensis to investigate the effects of temperature on the conchospore germination and early seedling development of P. haitanensis. The results showed that conchospore germination rate decreased with the increase in temperature. The temperatures of 25 and 26°C were suitable for P. haitanensis conchospore germination. Higher temperature (27°C) promoted conchospore germination on the 1st and 2nd days but decreased the germination considerably on the 3rd day. The conchospore mortality rate reached 89% after culture at high temperature (31°C) for 4 days. Additionally, the development of conchospore seedlings was normal, the total number of cells increased, and the survival rate was high (53%–90%) in the range of 25–29°C. At 25°C, the absolute growth rate of seedlings was as high as 302%. However, the development slowed down and the absolute growth rate decreased with the increase in temperature. At 30 and 31°C, seedling development was abnormal or even ceased, the survival rate was as low as 20% (30°C) and 11% (31°C), and the absolute growth rates were negative under the two conditions. The mortality of seedling was remarkably higher at 31°C than at other temperatures and gradually increased with the increase in temperature (25–31°C). And, the potential mechanisms underlying high temperature damages were analysed. Therefore, the temperature range suitable for the seedling collection and cultivation of P. haitanensis conchospore is 25–29°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's era of new public management, respecting the dignity and worth of social workers in organizational management poses a challenge to social work agencies. This research explores whether individual self-actualization can be integrated with organizational development by using a humanistic management approach. Authors sampled 672 supervisors from Chinese social work agencies. A structural equation model was built and tested to examine the relationships between four latent variables: (1) professional competence (PC), (2) organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), (3) individual impact, and (4) organizational impact, taking into account the moderating effect of professional associations. The results indicate that individual impact is a mediator between supervisors' PC/OCBs and organizational impact. Meanwhile, professional associations play a moderating role in the relationship between supervisors' PC and organizational impact. Findings provide the basis for a humanistic management strategy for social work agencies that focuses on the individual impact of key people to maximize organizational impact. Moreover, professional associations should strengthen the link between individual impact and organizational impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-firing of ammonia–coal can aid in achieving pollution control and carbon reduction, which is of great practical significance in supporting the realization of China's 'dual carbon' goals. This article reviews the research progress and prospects of ammonia–coal co-firing technology in the energy field. Ammonia–coal co-firing is a novel combustion technology that involves the combined burning of ammonia gas and coal, aiming at reducing pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions produced during coal combustion, enhancing energy utilization efficiency, and achieving clean and efficient energy transformation. The review first introduces the physical and chemical properties of ammonia and the advantages of ammonia–coal co-firing technology. Then, it presents the current research progress on the combustion characteristics and NO x generation and emission characteristics of emerging power plant boiler ammonia–coal co-firing technology. Finally, it analyzes and presents the future research direction of ammonia combustion in power plant boilers. Ammonia–coal co-firing can significantly reduce carbon emissions from power plant boilers without significantly altering the furnace temperature characteristics. Although the increase of fuel nitrogen brings forward the risk of NO x emissions, it can be effectively controlled through combustion staging, combustion organization, and other methods. Therefore, ammonia–coal co-firing is a feasible path for carbon reduction. Use of ammonia as a carrier for renewable energy can aid in achieving reduction in carbon emission during various applications, such as heat, electricity, and power, and alleviate or solve the dependence on finite fossil energy, showing enormous development potential and prospects. • A comprehensive overview of research progress in ammonia-coal co-firing. • Combustion characteristics of ammonia-coal co-firing are summarized. • The effect of ammonia-coal co-firing process parameters on NOx generation and emission is summarized. • The effects of ammonia-coal co-firing on NOx in addition to elemental N are summarized and outlooks and challenges are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose and validate a comprehensive measure of power for the top management teams (TMTs) of publicly listed Chinese firms. We show that our measure is positively associated with the four power dimensions developed by prior research for U.S. firms as well as three Asia-relevant power dimensions, including political capital, seniority, and gender. We find that our TMT power measure is a valid proxy for TMT power for both state-controlled firms and non-state-controlled firms. We also compare our TMT power measure with one alternative TMT power proxy based on executive compensation and find no evidence that the alternative proxy is better than our measure in capturing TMT's true power. Further, we provide evidence that the divergence between our power proxy and the power proxy based on executive compensation reflects nonmarket institutional forces in China and has important implications for corporate outcomes. This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The golden tide, caused by the brown algae Sargassum horneri , exerts severe influences on the Pyropia aquaculture of Jiangsu coast, China. To study the outbreak of the golden tide in response to increasing greenhouse gas emissions, S. horneri was cultured under four conditions: ambient condition (10 °C, 400 μatm), elevated temperature condition (14 °C, 400 μatm), elevated CO 2 level (10 °C, 1000 μatm), and potential greenhouse condition (14 °C, 1000 μatm). The growth, photosynthetic performances, and inorganic carbon affinity of S. horneri were studied. The results showed that elevated temperature exerted a more pronounced positive influence on S. horneri growth, photosynthesis, and carbon assimilation than CO 2 enrichment. The growth of S. horneri was significantly improved by moderately elevated temperatures, especially under concurrently elevated CO 2 levels. This suggests that the greenhouse effect will benefit growth and carbon sequestration of S. horneri , which may enhance the frequency and scale of golden tides. • Sargassum horneri was benefit from moderately elevated temperature. • S. horneri showed insensitive to CO 2 enrichment. • Elevated temperature rather than CO 2 enrichment will enhance S. horneri bloom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To analyze the spectrum of uveitis at a tertiary hospital in northern China. Methods: This study is a retrospective study from June 2014 to February 2015. A total of 606 consecutive patients with uveitis were screened for etiologies and classified according to the anatomic sites of inflammation. Results: The mean age at presentation was 33.8 ± 15.5 years old. Males and females were almost equally affected. Panuveitis was the most common anatomic diagnosis, followed by anterior, posterior, and intermediate uveitis. VKH syndrome, Behçet disease and idiopathic anterior uveitis were the most common uveitis entities. Ocular complications were detected in 441 patients. Conclusions: More than half of the patients with uveitis from northern China had an identifiable cause or was diagnosed as a specific disease entity with VKH and BD among the major etiologies. Cataract, steroid-induced ocular hypertension and macular edema were the leading complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To address the visual prognosis and associated predictors of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in different uveitis entities in Han Chinese.Methods: A retrospective review of the uveitis patients who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in our center between 2004 and 2014.Results: The 158 patients (226 eyes) included anterior uveitis (45 eyes), posterior/pan-uveitis (61 eyes), Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (79 eyes) and Behçet disease (41 eyes). At 6 months after surgery, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) significantly improved (p < 0.001) in all uveitis groups with 134 (59.3%) eyes achieving 20/40 or better. The anterior uveitis and Behçet disease groups had significantly better and worse visual outcomes than other groups, respectively. Poor preoperative BCVA, macular lesions, and secondary glaucoma were independent variables that predicted a poor visual outcome.Conclusions: Our current study revealed a generally favorable outcome and associated predictors of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in uveitic cataracts in Han Chinese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large sample of entertainment television programs that were aired on 28 channels in China in 2004 was analyzed for romantic and sexual content. Romantic scenes, typically portraying men and women already in committed relationships, appeared in 80% of the 196 programs analyzed. The analysis suggested that, according to Chinese television in the early part of the twenty-first century, emotional love was more important than physical sexual interaction in romantic relationships. More than half of the 1112 romantic scenes analyzed depicted love between the partners without any discussion or display of physical sexual behavior. Only 8% of scenes included discussion or depiction of sexual behavior (e.g., touching, kissing, and intercourse) without some sense that the partners were in a loving, committed relationship. Sexual intercourse was implied or depicted in fewer than 2% of the romantic scenes. Findings are discussed in light of the Chinese government's periodic regulation of sexually suggestive media content and attempts to filter Internet content. The extent to which such content may affect young viewers' perceptions of romantic relationships and sexual behavior is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Research on hMLH1 and hMSH2 mutations tend to focus on Lynch syndrome (LS) and LS-like colorectal cancer (CRC). No studies to date have assessed the role of hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes in mass sporadic CRC (without preselection by MSI or early age of onset). We aimed to identify novel hMLH1 and hMSH2 DNA variants, to determine the mutation frequencies and sites in both sporadic and LS CRC and their relationships with clinicopathological characteristics of CRC in Northeast of China. 452 sporadic and 21 LS CRC patients were screened for germline and somatic mutations in hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes with PCR–SSCP sequencing. We identified 11 hMLH1 and seven hMSH2 DNA variants in our study cohort. Six of them were novel: four in hMLH1 gene (IVS8-16 A>T, c.644 GAT>GTT, c.1529 CAG>CGG and c.1831 ATT>TTT) and two in hMSH2 gene (−39 C>T, insertion AACAACA at c.1127 and deletion AAG at c.1129). In sporadic CRC, germline and somatic mutation frequencies of hMLH1/hMSH2 gene were 15.59% and 17.54%, respectively (p = 0.52). Germline mutations present in hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes were 5.28% and 10.78%, respectively (p<0.01). Somatic mutations in hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes were 6.73% and 11.70%, respectively (p = 0.02). In LS CRC, both germline and somatic mutation frequencies of hMLH1/hMSH2 gene were 28.57%. The most prevalent germline mutation site in hMSH2 gene was c.1168 CTT>TTT (3.90%), a polymorphism. Somatic mutation frequency of hMLH1/hMSH2 gene was significantly different in proximal, distal colon and rectal cancer (p = 0.03). Our findings elucidate the mutation spectrum and frequency of hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes in sporadic and LS CRC, and their relationships with clinicopathological characteristics of CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the expression of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in normal placental tissues with placental tissues from patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to deduce the mechanism affecting placental SHBG in GDM. Methods: We detected SHBG localization and measured SHBG mRNA and protein using immunohistochemistry, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting, respectively, in normal and GDM placental tissues. The distribution of SHBG in placental cells was examined using immune electron microscopy. Results : Compared to controls, placental tissues from patients in the GDM group displayed disordered cell surface microvilli that were decreased in quantity, swollen, and had narrowed and broken gap junctions. Intracellular abnormalities included expanded rough endoplasmic reticula, swollen mitochondria, and irregular nuclear morphologies with non-uniform chromatin. SHBG localized primarily to trophoblast cell membranes and cytoplasm. SHBG was strongly expressed on the microvilli side and weakly expressed on the basement membrane with uneven staining. SHBG also was expressed in villous stromal cells and vascular endothelial cells. Compared to the controls, placental tissues from the GDM group displayed significantly decreased immunostaining rates for SHBG, as well as significantly lower levels of SHBG mRNA and protein expression (P<0.05). Conclusion: SHBG was detected in placental trophoblast cells from patients with GDM, and the synthesis and secretion of SHBG were reduced when trophoblast cells were irregular. A decrease in SHBG could affect placental function or aggravate GDM. Our results suggest that placental SHBG plays an important role in the pathogenesis of GDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies lightning flash activities on the central Tibetan Plateau by using the satellite-based Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) database from January 1998 to July 2002. How the lightning activity shows a clear diurnal variation on the central Plateau; Description of peak lightning activity; Indication that the lightning activity is a sensitive gauge of solar heating on the Plateau.

Based on the experiences of his family members, peers, and himself in China since the 1920s, the author suggests three individual-level factors that combine to have a huge impact on people's attitudes toward money and property. One is the influence of parents or parental figures. The second is one's life goal or lack thereof. The third is the role that money and property (or the lack thereof) play in achieving that goal. There are, however, societal-level factors that loom large at the background. The dramatic changes in the economic and social systems and conditions contributed to the differences in the attitudes among Chinese of different times. Similarly, the differences between China and other countries in the economic and social systems and conditions contributed to the differences in the attitudes of Chinese and the attitudes of other peoples during a given time period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What impact do media have on public opinion when they are tightly controlled by the government, as in the People's Republic of China? Little reliable information is available for an answer, especially at the individual level This study is a secondary analysis of a stratified random sample of 870 Beijing residents concerning economic reform in China during the mid-1980s. They were questionnaire-interviewed in 1986 with a 90 percent response rate Regression and path analysis suggest that the government media were effective in increasing knowledge about reform and in affecting some attitudes, but it was less effective or totally ineffective in others. When compared with U.S. media studies, the magnitude of effects appears larger, a result consistent with message competition theory. This relatively new theory has been offered as an alternative to the classic `selective exposure' and `two-step flow' theories in explaining why little correlation has been found between individual media use and attitudes in the West. The theory predicts that competing messages tend to neutralize net effects of the media, while controlled media systems tend to show increased net effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the empirical profile of Chinese political characteristics. A study was conducted concerning the population's political knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in China. A random sampling survey method among urban residents was used to observed the political consciousness. The study defines political consciousness in several aspects including person's participation in politics, awareness of issues in political reform, and political efficacy. The study shows that there is no single group most active in all aspects of political consciousness. Political diversity exists in China, and the population is a homogeneous community with respect to communist ideology.

Purpose: To analyze the spectrum of uveitis at a tertiary hospital in northern China.Methods: This study is a retrospective study from June 2014 to February 2015. A total of 606 consecutive patients with uveitis were screened for etiologies and classified according to the anatomic sites of inflammation.Results: The mean age at presentation was 33.8 ± 15.5 years old. Males and females were almost equally affected. Panuveitis was the most common anatomic diagnosis, followed by anterior, posterior, and intermediate uveitis. VKH syndrome, Behçet disease and idiopathic anterior uveitis were the most common uveitis entities. Ocular complications were detected in 441 patients.Conclusions: More than half of the patients with uveitis from northern China had an identifiable cause or was diagnosed as a specific disease entity with VKH and BD among the major etiologies. Cataract, steroid-induced ocular hypertension and macular edema were the leading complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A demonstration area was established on the north slope of the Mahu Depression, Junggar Basin, NW China to carry out the hydrofracturing experiment and a cored well was designed to investigate hydraulic fractures. 345 fractures, comprising HFs, natural fractures, core-handling fractures, and drilling-induced fractures, were harvested from four continuous cores of about 323.19 m that contained mudstone, sandstone, and conglomerate. The lithology of the core is dominated by the conglomerate, which is characterized by coarse gravel size, poor sorting, and gravel support. Firstly, this paper identifies different fractures by integrating the core observation, imaging logs, and CT scans. The HF in the glutenite reservoir was divided into penetrating-gravel fractures and bypassing-gravel fractures based on the fracture propagation path and fracture surface geometry. Secondly, the occurrence and density of HFs were characterized, respectively. The HF has a dip of 80–90° and two trends of 0°–20° and 160°–220°. The fracture density presents strong heterogeneity over depth and the number of penetrating-gravel fractures is nearly twice of that bypassing-gravel fractures. Besides, no significant proppants were observed on the fracture surface, while it was identified in the rock debris. Thirdly, the gravel size and orientation were selected to investigate the impact of gravel heterogeneity on HFs. The result showed that the larger gravel size and greater acute angle between gravel orientation and HFs propagation orientation are conducive to the development of penetrating-gravel fractures. Finally, the impact of fractured wells on HFs was studied. The fracture density is closely related to the distance between fractures and the perforation site, Cluster spacing, and slickwater. Higher fracture density is a result of closer spacing between HFs and the perforation site, smaller cluster spacing, and a higher percentage of slickwater. The insight of this paper is expected to provide some references for the hydrofracturing operation in oilfields and current experimental and numerical investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]