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By examining the history of the Chinese journalism and typical cases in this field since reform and opening up, this paper analyzes from a historical perspective how the Chinese press has played a constructive role, and how it has changed in parallel with media evolution and technological progress. The "constructiveness" of the Chinese press is manifested as follows: directly participating in public governance through collaboration with the government; supervising public power by starting from and aiming at finding solutions to problems; actively intervening in and helping address issues about people's livelihood with well-planned news reports and relevant activities; mobilizing and organizing the public with constantly updated strategies and methods; and establishing think tanks to extend its services to society. Faced with both societal and industry crises, the Chinese press needs to explore new means to give full play to its constructive role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What are the roles China plays and what approaches does China take to the global order? This paper goes beyond the singular and static view on the roles of states as either status quo or revisionist and introduces more subtle roles of states with multi-approaches of Status Quo, Parallel Supplement, Nested Enhancement, Regime Shifting, Competitive Regime Creation and Ideological Confrontation. After coding 1889 events from the 'Belt and Road Portal' and then taking eight most frequent case clusters of the BRI as representative cases, the congruence analysis leads to the main argument that China plays multiple roles of rule taker, rule reformer, rule breaker and rule innovator. The contribution is both theoretical and practical. It improves the typology of states' approaches to the global order and helps to interpret the roles of emerging powers for the global order. By designing the BRI Index and coding the case cluster, this paper provides a new way to identify the representative case of the BRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: High risk is one of the most prominent characteristics of the Chinese construction industry, and it poses a significant threat to construction projects. Owing to initiatives aimed at achieving high efficiency, low carbon emissions, etc., industrialization of the construction industry has become an inevitable trend in China. However, it remains to be discussed whether industrialization of construction can reduce the risks entailed in construction projects compared with traditional construction. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the theory of risk life cycle, this paper proposes a practical risk assessment technique to assess the risk life cycle, including the risk occurrence time and potential financial losses. This technique is then applied to assess the differences between the risks involved in an engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) project executed via traditional and industrial production modes. Findings: The results show that the total duration of risks in the industrial construction project is half of that in the traditional project. In addition, the expected financial loss entailed in the industrial construction project is 29 percent lower than that in the traditional construction project. Therefore, industrial construction has the potential to optimize risk performance. Originality/value: There is no significant difference between the traditional and industrial construction models in terms of probability of risk. The maximum total loss might occur in the procurement stage in the case of industrial production, and in the construction stage in the case of traditional production. Moreover, the total expected loss from risk in the EPC project in the industrial production mode is only half of that in the traditional production route. This study is expected to provide a new risk evaluation technique and promote an understanding of the life cycle of risk management in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discussed in this article are the different governance models in international student services in Canadian and Chinese universities. Informing this study were 39 international student service providers from 38 top Chinese universities while interacting with their Canadian counterparts in a professional development program in Canada. The derived comparative data serve to show that a reactive decentralized model is used in international student services in Canada, while practiced in China is a more centralized proactive model. Although both models are rooted in their own social and cultural contexts, mutual learning is possible to some extent. The article ends with some discussion about possible ways Canadian universities can borrow from the Chinese system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of the French Enlightenment thinker Jean-Jacques Rousseau in China can be traced back to one century ago. The embracement of Rousseau's works in the Chinese academia does not entail crystal comprehension of his thoughts. On the contrary, many scholars hold the opinion that our understanding of Rousseau has just initiated. This comment resonates with the fact that the research on Rousseau is commonly treated as an approach in tackling social problems in China: understanding Rousseau has been narrowed down to the means, other than the end in our studies. In this sense, to reinvestigate and evaluate Rousseau as "an approach" in academic history is therefore a reflection on " reading the West" in the one hundred years' dissemination of Western knowledge to the Orient. There are several observable traits in the Chinese academia's studies on Rousseau: first and foremost is the spatio-temporal dislocation of the authentic Rousseau. Our reception of Rousseau took place with a backdrop of political enlightenment, which necessitated and justified the oversimplification of his ideas for practical needs: the anti-enlightenment dimension in his thought has been left out for a long time. Secondly, the translation of Rousseau's works in China is far from accomplished, which obstructs thorough research of his thoughts. Thirdly, the explanation of his thought has been partially influenced by overseas studies, but limited research resources cannot reflect the standard level of Rousseau studies. Finally, his thought per se is complicated, the correctly understanding of which is always a controversial topic in the Western academia. The aforementioned factors lead to the misreading of Rousseau's thought, and contribute to the paradigm of Rousseau as "an approach. " As a defective researching methods, Rousseau as "an approach" requires careful discussion on its value rather than injudicious negation. Our studies on Rousseau in the past hundred years can be put into two forms of construction: one is a "strong form" in which Rousseau is closer to a symbol than a system of theory, thereby it developed a study of Rousseau without Rousseau. Another is a weak form, in which a certain viewpoint of Rousseau is overdeveloped by and brought into critiques of current problems. The latter approach is quite understandable, considering the dispute between Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, the debate among Lu Xun, Liang Shiqiu and Yu Dafu, and the reflection on Rousseau by Gu Zhun, Wang Yuanhua and Zhu Xueqin. Rousseau's thought has been adapted to accomplish the enlightenment project in China and tackle practical problems. The researching paradigm of Rousseau as an approach deserves further investigation on multiply levels. Based on the premise of being faithful to classics, it will be instructive and necessary to take Chinese context into account when studying Western learning. This research paradigm as an important legacy of the one-hundred-year learning of Rousseau will certainly provide inspiration for our future studies on Western learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the speed-up of pace of life and increasingly development of life level, people grow a risingly need for instant and convenient food and semi-finished food. In realistic food processing technology, many additives are used for ensuring the nutrition, freshness and taste of food and extending the shelf life. However, many problems like ultra-limited volume, overrange and illegal adding are emerged in food processing, which brings many safety loopholes and arouses close social attention. This thesis discusses why those situations happen and uses EUss experience in food industry, production of food additives and security supervision for reference. And it lists the related regulations and laws in additive between EU and China for comparison and analysis, by which we can discuss the approaches of preventing food from being added illegally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This article gives a brief account of the meaning, characteristics and origin of ecological civilization, an analysis of the positive impacts of ecological civilization construction on low-carbon economy, and proposes specific recommendations for constructing ecological civilization to develop low-carbon economy in China: compile “Planning Outline” and “Implementation Plan”, increase the publicity of education on ecological civilization concept, strengthen discussion on ecological civilization problems, establish government-enterprise cooperative platform, supporting systems of green technology and financial services to support ecological civilization construction, incorporate ecological civilization indicator into the performance evaluation of government departments, strengthen ecological civilization legislation. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of RIUDS [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Enterprise environment plays an decisive role on enterprise performance. It is of great importance to innovate enterprise environment. Inherent mechanism of enterprise environment inovation is the enterprise internal and external environment of adjustment. The way of enterprise environment innovation not only concern with enterprise's own behavior, but also with other benefit counterparts' activity. Enterprise environmental innovation should be implemented to improve business performance aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study represents one of the early attempts to uncover the lived experience of thriving of top female leaders in the tourism and hospitality industry in China. Based on the narratives of 21 women executives in the hospitality and tourism industry in China, this study reveals that upper echelon (top management) females thrive by taking a gendered approach to life and career in a cultural environment with a strong Confucian tradition. This research systematically explored the unique gendered orientations and strategies these women executives used to achieve optimal functioning, as manifested in their thriving in both life and career. They acknowledge gender differences, embrace female qualities rather than deny them, and leverage these qualities to their advantage. The study findings offer significant theoretical and practical implications by illuminating a thriving perspective of the career advancement of women. • This study uncovers the lived experience of thriving of women executives in the hospitality and tourism industry in China. • This study reveals that upper echelon females thrive in their career by taking a gendered approach to life and career. • The results indicate women executives perform the required professional and familial roles in optimal gendered functioning. • The study suggests they acknowledge gender differences, embrace female qualities and leverage them to their advantage. • The cultural context of Confucianism provides a unique lens to understand career advancement of Chinese women executives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the analytical framework of governance, this paper mainly discusses three aspects including the constructing approach of NGOs’ subject legitimacy in environmental governance participation, the legalization of participating approaches, and the effectiveness of participating result. The article will take the revision processes of the Chinese Environment Protection Law as a case study for thick description, which represents the latest features of Chinese NGOs’ participation in policy advocacy. It shows that “self-identification practice” (in Chinese: zizhengshi shijian) is an effective approach for NGOs to construct its subject legitimacy to participate in environmental or even state governance, and the practice field of multi-subjects would be or has already been a testing experiment field of “good governance” in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The incidence of measles in Yunnan Province among vaccine target-age children has decreased markedly after attaining and sustaining high 2-dose coverage of measles containing vaccine (MCV) through routine immunization services and supplementary immunization activities (SIAs). Most cases of measles now occur among adults. In 2015, we investigated a measles outbreak among adults to determine transmission patterns and the potential role of nosocomial transmission., Methods: We enhanced measles surveillance using retrospective active case search. We conducted case investigations to determine sources of infection and routes of transmission; laboratory testing included serologic and molecular diagnostic methods., Results: Twenty-two outbreak-associated cases of measles were identified; most (86.36%) were among individuals 20 to 39 years of age (range, 7 months to 43 years). We interviewed 19 individuals who had acquired measles. The first 3 cases were infected in Tibet; 12 (63%) were hospital-acquired infections; 2 (11%) were community-acquired; and 2 (11%) were family-contact cases. We conducted outbreak response immunization (ORI) that provided MCV without regard to vaccination status; 10,596 residents between 20 and 40 years of age were vaccinated. A serological survey conducted during the ORI showed that 84% of the 20-40 year-olds were immune to measles prior to vaccination. Post-vaccination serological testing showed 100% were immune., Conclusions: Despite high population immunity among children and adolescents, imported measles virus transmission occurred among adults in a provincial cross-border area. Nosocomial transmission and measles immunity gaps among adults poses a threat to measles elimination and highlights the strategy of targeting adults during ORI to outbreaks with adult-to-adult transmission.