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Background: We aimed to evaluate anorectal function of normal infants and children through three dimension high‐definition anorectal manometry (3D ARM) to fill the research blank in this area. Methods: From November 2014 to January 2019, 104 normal infants and children among patients who underwent 3D ARM were divided into four groups according to age (≤1 month; >1 month to ≤1 year; >1 year to ≤4 years and >4 years) and reviewed. The following parameters were performed: the length of anorectal high‐pressure zone (HPZ), the resting pressure of HPZ (HPZ‐rest), the squeezing pressure of HPZ (HPZ‐sqze), recto‐anal inhibitory reflex (RAIR), and pressure distribution of the anal canal. Graphpad Prism 7.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: HPZ, HPZ‐rest, and HPZ‐sqze increased with age. There were differences in HPZ‐rest and HPZ‐sqze between the groups (p < 0.05). Sex had a significant effect on HPZ, but not on HPZ‐rest and HPZ‐sqze. The HPZ of males was higher than that of females among those ≤1 month old (p < 0.05). RAIR (‐) was found in 17 patients (16%) for whom Hirschsprung's disease were excluded by biopsy, and these patients had regular defecation during follow‐up. Most of the patients (85%) older than 1 year had a symmetric anal pressure distribution during the contracting period (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Anal canal function parameters gradually increased with age in normal infants and children which demonstrated the important role of age in evaluation, and these parameters can provide a reference for postoperative evaluation of anal canal function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Moderate to severe pain after stapled haemorrhoidopexy (SH) is not uncommon. This study was designed to identify the predictors of postoperative pain after SH in a single centre., Method: Seventy-six patients with Grade II to IV haemorrhoids who underwent SH were selected from a prospectively compiled database. Preoperative data, including patient characteristics, manometry results and surgical data, were documented. Pain was evaluated during the first 24 h after the operation. Its intensity was classified into three grades according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) score: mild (VAS ≤ 3), moderate (VAS >3 to <5) and severe (VAS ≥ 5). Analgesics were not routinely given but were administered if the patient had moderate or severe pain. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the predictors of postoperative pain., Results: Moderate and severe pain was noted in 43 (58.9%) patients. No patient was readmitted due to persistent anal pain during the month following discharge. Postoperative pain was significantly associated with gender (P = 0.017), age (P = 0.014), first initial sensory volume (P = 0.023) and constipation (P = 0.005) in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis identified male gender as an independent predictor of postoperative moderate to severe pain (P = 0.037, OR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.07-9.09). The initial sensory volume and preoperative coexisting constipation were negative predictors of postoperative moderate to severe pain after SH (P = 0.037, OR = 0.320, 95% CI 0.110-0.934, and P = 0.036, OR = 0.255, 95% CI 0.071-0.913, respectively)., Conclusion: Male gender and the initial sensory volume are predictors of postoperative pain after SH. Anal manometry is recommended before the SH procedure. An active analgesia protocol should be considered for male patients with a low initial sensory volume after SH., (Colorectal Disease © 2013 The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.)