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Alexander A. Tatarinow (1817?–1886) made an extensive collection of vascular plants and insects in North China and Mongolia while serving as a physician in the 12th Russian Orthodox Ecclesiastical Mission in Beijing during 1841–1850. Tatarinow's plant collection included about 800 species and became the basis for 70 new species, of which 12 were named after him. The collection was split into three large sets, each labelled in its own way and handled in different times by different people at different institutions, thus obscuring its correct attribution; notable misinterpretations include its misattributions to A. von Bunge and P.E. Kirilov who were attached to the 11th Mission and collected plants near Beijing during 1830–1840. In this study, the history of these three sets and their parts is uncovered, and label samples are provided and commented to allow unambiguous recognition of the sets for correct lectotypification of plant species names based on the material collected by the 11th and 12th Missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discovery rates of new plant species need to be accelerated because many species will be extinct before they are formally described. Current studies have focused on where new species may occur and their characteristics. However, who will actually discover and describe these new species has received limited attention. Here, we used 31 576 vascular plant species distributed and described in China as a case study to explore the temporal patterns of the nationalities of the taxonomists. We found that most recently described species are endemic species, and there has been an increasing proportion of species descriptions by resident Chinese taxonomists over time. The proportion of species described by resident taxonomists reached an average of 80.8% between 1977 and 2018. By contrast, species discoveries by non-resident experts, often non-endemic species, showed signs of levelling off. Our study underscores an urgent need for training of, support for and collaboration with resident taxonomists in megadiverse countries with a high potential of discovering undescribed plant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In 2019, Late Devonian Xinhang forest was reported from Anhui Province, China. It represents the earliest forest in Asia and China, and was regarded as monospecific with numerous small trees of the lycopsid. Recently, we found some other plants from the forest and now erect a new fern-like plant named Xinhangia. It is small with height of tens of centimeters, and usually has two orders of branches in alternate and sometimes triseriate pattern. Spines densely occur on the main axes and primary branches. Its leaf-like organs are very simple and dichotomize into recurved tips. Fertile organs are similar to the "leaves" but terminated in elongate and paired sporangia. Both the "leaves" and fertile organs are alternately arranged on secondary branches. In anatomy, the primary xylem is "8"-shaped and is surrounded by secondary xylem. With simple characters, Xinhangia represents a morphologically primitive plant and is of uncertain affinity at class or order level. As a component of Xinhang forest, Xinhangia will help understand the growth habit and habitat of fern-like plants, as well as the structure and ecology of ancient forests in the future. Palaeozoic fern-like plants show great diversity in their morphology and/or anatomy. Within this group, a novel taxon, Xinhangia spina gen. et sp. nov., is now reported from the Upper Devonian (Famennian) Wutong Formation of Anhui Province, China. The primary and secondary branches are borne alternately and sometimes in a triseriate pattern. Spines are evident on the main axes or stems and on the primary branches. Vegetative ultimate appendages with recurved tips are alternate, usually dichotomous 1–2 times, and sometimes as an aphlebia located at the base of primary or secondary branches. Fertile ultimate appendages are alternate, usually dichotomous 1–2 times, and terminate in elongated and paired sporangia. The stele has a clepsydroid-like primary xylem with each end bearing a protoxylem strand. The secondary xylem surrounding the primary xylem illustrates uniseriate rays. With rare divisions in both the vegetative and fertile ultimate appendages, Xinhangia represents a morphologically primitive plant. It is of uncertain affinity at the class or order level. The stelar architecture suggests that the clepsydroid stele may not be emphasized in discussing the relationship among fern-like plants such as rhacophytaleans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｎｅｗ ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ｏｆ ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｌｙｃｏｐｏｄｓ ａｎｄ Ｆｅｒｎｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ Ｆｌｏｒａ ｏｆ Ｃｈｉｎａꎬ Ｐｏｌｙｐｏ- ｄｉａｃｅａｅ ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓ ｍｏｒｅ ｔｈａｎ ２０ ｇｅｎｕｓ ｏｆ Ｐｏｌｙｐｏｄｉａｃｅａｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ Ｑｉｎｒｅｎｃｈａｎｇ ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｓｙｓｔｅｍꎬ ａｎｄ ａｌｓｏ ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓ ｉｎｄｅ- ｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ ｓｕｃｈ ａｓ Ｄｒｙｎａｒｉａｃｅａｅ ａｎｄ Ｐｌａｔｙｃｅｒｉａｃｅａｅ. Ｔｈｅ ｎｅｗ ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ｏｆ Ｐｏｌｙｐｏｄｉａｃｅａｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ Ｆｌｏｒａ ｏｆ Ｃｈｉｎａ ｗｉｔｈ ｍａｎｙ ｉｓｓｕｅｓ ｎｅｅｄｓ ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ. Ｈｅｒｅ ｗｅ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｓｐｏｒｅ ｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｙ ａｎｄ ｐｅｒｉｓｐｏｒｅ ｏｒｎａｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ ｓｕｂｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｉｃ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ ｏｆ Ｐｏｌｙｐｏｄｉａｃｅａｅ ｆｒｏｍ Ｓｈａｎｄｏｎｇ Ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ ｕｓｉｎｇ ｓｃａｎｎｉｎｇ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎ ｍｉ- ｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ (ＳＥＭ). Ｔｈｉｓ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ｆｉｒｓｔ ｐａｌｙｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ ｓｔｕｄｙ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｎｅｗ ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ｏｆ Ｐｏｌｙｐｏｄｉａｃｅａｅ. Ｔｈｅ ｒｅ- ｓｕｌｔｓ ｗｅｒｅ ａｓ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｓ: Ｓｐｏｒｅｓ ｏｆ Ｐｏｌｙｐｏｄｉａｃｅａｅ ｗｅｒｅ ｒｅｎｉｆｏｒｍꎬ ｂｉｌａｔｅｒａｌｌｙ ｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｉｃａｌꎬ ｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｉｎｇ ａ ｐｅｒｉｓｐｏｒｅ ｗｉｔｈ ｓｔａｂｌｅ ｏｒｎａｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ ｗｉｔｈｉｎ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ａｎｄ ｃｌｅａｒ ｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔｉｏｎｓ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｓｕｂｆａｍｉｌｙꎬ ｇｅｎｕｓ ａｎｄ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ. Ｔｈｅ ｐａｌｙｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ ｓｕｐ- ｐｏｒｔｅｄ ｔｗｏ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｓｕｂｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ ｏｆ Ｐｏｌｙｐｏｄｉａｃｅａｅ-Ｄｒｙｎａｒｉａ ａｎｄ Ｐｌａｔｙｃｅｒｉｕｍ ｄｅｌｉｎｅａｔｅｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ＦＯＣ. Ｉｎ ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎꎬ ｔｈｅ ｐｅｒｉｓ- ｐｏｒｅ ｏｒｎａｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｌｅａｆ ｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ｔｈａｔ Ｐｈｙｍａｔｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ ｓｈａｎｄｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｊ. Ｘ. Ｌｉ ｅｔ Ｃ. Ｙ. Ｗａｎｇ ｗａｓ ａ ｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓꎬ ａｎｄ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ｒｅｓｔｏｒｅｄ ｔｏ ａ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ ｒａｔｈｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｉｎｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ Ｐ. ｈａｓｔａｔａ (Ｔｈｕｎｂ.) Ｐｉｃ. Ｓｅｒｍ.ꎬ ｎｏｔ ｒｅｇａｒｄ ａｓ Ｐｈｙｍａｔｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ ｂｕｔ ａｓ ａ ｎｅｗ ｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎ Ｓｅｌｌｉｇｕｅａ ｓｈａｎｄｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ (Ｊ. Ｘ. Ｌｉ ｅｔ Ｃ. Ｙ. Ｗａｎｇ) Ｊ. Ｘ. Ｌｉ ＆ Ｘ. Ｊ. Ｌｉꎬ ｃｏｍｂ. ｎｏｖ. ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｃｏｄｅ ｏｆ Ｂｏｔａｎｉｃａｌ Ｎｏｍｅｎｃｌａｔｕｒｅ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ｏｆ Ｆｌｏｒａ ｏｆ Ｃｈｉｎａ. Ｏｕｒ ｓｔｕｄｙ ｎｏｔ ｏｎｌｙ ｈａｓ ａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｅｄ ｎｅｗ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｐａｌｙｎｏｌｏｇｙ ｏｆ Ｐｏｌｙｐｏｄｉａｃｅａｅꎬ ｂｕｔ ａｌｓｏ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｓ ａ ｐａｌｙｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ ｂａｓｉｓ ｆｏｒ ｉｔｓ ｎｅｗ ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｓｙｓｔｅｍꎬ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｉｓ ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｅｎｔ ｗｉｔｈ ｍｏｌｅｃｕ- ｌａｒ ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓꎬ ａｎｄ ｃｏｎｆｉｒｍｓ ｔｈｅ ｒａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｔｙ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｎｅｗ ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ｏｆ Ｐｏｌｙｐｏｄｉａｃｅａｅ ａｎｄ ｉｔｓ ｓｕｂｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In I Ordering the Myriad Things: From Traditional Knowledge to Scientific Botany in China i , Nicholas K. Menzies examines the procession of scientific thought through a comprehensive history of botany in China. [Extracted from the article]

The taxonomy and nomenclature of Dracaena plants are much disputed, particularly for several Dracaena species in Asia. However, neither morphological features nor common DNA regions are ideal for identification of Dracaena spp. Meanwhile, although multiple Dracaena spp. are sources of the rare traditional medicine dragon's blood, the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China has defined Dracaena cochinchinensis as the only source plant. The inaccurate identification of Dracaena spp. will inevitably affect the clinical efficacy of dragon's blood. It is therefore important to find a better method to distinguish these species. Here, we report the complete chloroplast (CP) genomes of six Dracaena spp., D. cochinchinensis , D. cambodiana , D. angustifolia , D. terniflora , D. hokouensis , and D. elliptica , obtained through high-throughput Illumina sequencing. These CP genomes exhibited typical circular tetramerous structure, and their sizes ranged from 155,055 (D. elliptica) to 155,449 bp (D. cochinchinensis). The GC content of each CP genome was 37.5%. Furthermore, each CP genome contained 130 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. There were no potential coding or non-coding regions to distinguish these six species, but the maximum likelihood tree of the six Dracaena spp. and other related species revealed that the whole CP genome can be used as a super-barcode to identify these Dracaena spp. This study provides not only invaluable data for species identification and safe medical application of Dracaena but also an important reference and foundation for species identification and phylogeny of Liliaceae plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic Botany is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Disporum sinovietnamicum R. C. Hu & Y. Feng Huang sp. nov. is described and from southwestern Guangxi, China. It is morphologically closest to D. jinfoshanense X. Z. Li, D. M. Zhang & D. Y. Hong, but differs by having stems that are 35-90 cm tall, narrowly lanceolate and thinly leathery leaves, and ovate and glabrous tepals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five new synonyms in Chinese Epimedium are designated in the present paper. Epimedium chlorandrum is treated as a synonym of E. acuminatum; Epimedium rhizomatosum as a synonym of E. membranaceum; Epimedium brachyrrhizum as a synonym of E. leptorrhizum; Epimedium dewuense as a synonym of E. dolichostemon; and Epimedium sagittatum var. oblongifoliolatum as a synonym of E. borealiguizhouense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both papillae and mammillae are important structural characteristics for Pottiaceae classification, but these characters are diverse and their nomenclature is confused, hindering the classification of Pottiaceae. So, we selected representative species that cover all types of papillae and mammillae of Chinese Pottiaceae and observed and compared differences between them using light and scanning electronic microscopy. We corrected the chaotic descriptions of papillae of representative species, and have provided a uniform set of terms ('simple', 'forked', 'branched', and 'pedicellate') to describe the shapes of papillae. In addition, we described how to quickly and accurately use papillae and mammillae to classify representative species in Chinese Pottiaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A new name is proposed and seventeen new combinations are made as a result of the previous reduction of the remaining genera of subfamily Magnolioideae (Magnoliaceae) into the genus Magnolia. Results: The replacement name Magnolia fansipanensis is proposed for Manglietia crassifolia Q. N. Vu et al., since its transfer to Magnolia would create an illegitimate later homonym of the fossil name M. crassifolia Göpp. A further 17 new combinations are made to transfer the following taxa to Magnolia: Manglietia guangzhouensis A. Q. Dong et al., M. kaifui Q. W. Zeng & X. M. Hu, M. lawii N. H. Xia & W. F. Liao, plus Michelia concinna H. Jiang & E. D. Liu, M. jianfenglingensis G. A. Fu & K. Pan, M. viridipetala Y. W. Law et al., M. wuzhishangensis G. A. Fu & K. Pan, M. xianianhei Q. N. Vu and Yulania carnosa D. L. Fu & D. L. Zhang, Y. cuneatofolia T. B. Chao (probably Zhao) et al., Y. dabieshanensis T. B. Zhao et al., Y. dimorpha T. B. Zhao & Z. X. Chen, Y. fragarigynandria T. B. Zhao et al., Y. shirenshanensis D. L. Fu & T. B. Zhao, Y. shizhenii D. L. Fu & F. W. Li, Y. verrucata D. L. Fu et al. and Y. xinyangensis T. B. Zhao et al. Conclusions: The transfer of the above taxa to Magnolia is necessary following the present almost universal recognition of Magnolioideae as one of two monogeneric subfamilies within Magnoliaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aspidistra albiflora C. R. Lin, W. B. Xu & Yan Liu (Asparagaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from limestone areas in Guangxi, China. The new species is similar to A. cerina G. Z. Li & S. C. Tang, but differs in having the perianth white by the sides, white pistils, bracts longer than the perianth, anthers only 2 mm long, pistil obconical and stigma slightly enlarged, 4-5 mm in diameter. The new species is currently only known from the type locality in southwestern Guangxi, near the border to northern Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The systematic position of the monoecious rheophyte, Sheareria (Asteraceae), a genus endemic to China, has been long disputed and never rigorously examined. In this study, two molecular datasets (trnL-F, ITS), plus morphological and cytological characters, were used to assess the systematic position of Sheareria. The broader phylogenetic analyses based on the trnL-F data placed Sheareria in the tribe Astereae with strong support. This placement was also supported by the lanceolate style, "Asteroid type" ligule epidermis, yellow anthers, green achenes, and basic chromosome number ofx = 9. Analysis of the tribe Astereae based on the ITS dataset showed that Sheareria and three East Asian genera (Kalimeris, Aster, Rhynchospermum) formed a strongly supported dade characterized by flat, 2-ribbed, glandular disc achenes. Detailed morphological comparisons indicate that Sheareria is more similar to Kalimeris than to Rhynchospernium. Within this dade, Sheareria is distinguished from other genera by its monoecious breeding system (vs. gynomonoecious). Based on fossil and geological evidence, the development of monoecy in Sheareria is discussed. Within Sheareria, only one species, S. nana, is recognized; S. leshanensis, a newly described species, is placed in synonymy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macromitrium cavaleriei Cardot & Thér. in Thér. is a little known Chinese moss of the family Orthotrichaceae. The species, which, forms dense mats with creeping stems, varies much in its branch leaf shape and in the laminal cell papillosity of the branch and perichaetial leaves. In the present paper, Macromitrium cavaleriei is re-evaluated taxonomically, including the new synonymizations of M. gebaueri Broth., M. sinense E. B. Bartram, M. syntrichophyllum Thér. & P. de la Varde, and M. syntrichophyllum var. longisetum Thér. & Reimers from China. The synonymizations extend the distribution of M. cavaleriei from Guizhou to 15 provinces and one municipality, mainly in the area to the South of the Yangtze River, Southwest China, and Taiwan. Additionally, M. cavaleriei is reported as new to the moss flora of Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the Tibetan plant names with particular reference to their structure and parameters of attribution. It is said that the nomenclature of medicinal plants is constant among learned Tibetan doctors independently from their region of origin while popular plant nomenclature is extremely variable and the different spoken dialects have to be taken into consideration. The criteria for creating botanical basic plant names are presented.

Parashorea chinensis Wang Hsie and Parashorea chinensis var. kwangsiensis Lin Chi (Dipterocarpaceae) are economically and ecologically important tree taxa in China and Vietnam. Their authorship should be "Wang Hsie" and "Lin Chi", respectively, which represent two logograms of working groups that existed in the particular circumstances from the 1960s to the 1970s in China. The author of Parashorea chinensis has sometimes been designated inappropriately as H. Wang. We herein discuss in detail these two unique cases in the context of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicia falcata C. Y. Wu was not validly published in 1977 because two gatherings, one flowering and one fruiting, were simultaneously designated as types in the protologue. This name is validated here by designating the flowering specimen as the holotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the proposal to adopt the genus name Arundinaria murielae against Arundinaria sparsiflora of the Poaceae and Bambusoidea family. It is noted that the A. murielae genus specie is identified from the specimens taken from the cultivation of clumps in a bamboo garden in China. The former genus is likely conserved since the latter has not reached a nomenclatural stability.

The article focuses on the correct name and authority given to several oaks from China, followed by their previous invalid names. This includes Quercus fulvisericeous (Y. C. Hsu et D. M. Wang) Z. K. Zhou comb. nov., Quercus liboensis Z. K. Zhou nom. nov and Quercus obconicus Y.C. Hsu ex Z. K. Zhou nom. nov.

The article focuses on a proposal to conserve the name Viburnum betulifolium Batalin (Adoxaceae), family of flowering plants, against V. betulifolium Ward (fossil Adoxaceae). Topics discussed include distribution of plants in China containing shrub species, use of species in ornamental horticulture and plants grown in winter due to its bright red fruits.

The article presents a proposal on the disassociation of the name Musa balbisiana over Musa rosacea. It mentions that Musa balbisiana Colla is a generally used name for varied species of banana disseminated from northeastern India to southern China. However, it states that M. rosacea is a seedless banana and is polyploid and hybrid in formation. It notes that the confusion is due to the fact that the name M. rosacea has been nearly commonly misused since 1822 on plants of Musa ornate Roxb.

While preparing a revision of Rhododendron subgen. Tsutsusi (Ericaceae), we found that Rhododendron huadingense B. Y. Ding & Y. Y. Fang, described from Zhejiang Province in 1990, was not a validly published name because two collections were designated as the type. The name is validated here, with the flowering specimen designated as the holotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]