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During the last two decades, although China has made remarkable progresses and achievements in space industry, there is still a considerable gap in side of technology and management between other space powers. In order to improve the international competitiveness of Chinese space and speed up the construction of Chinese space security and technology safety, it is urgent to evaluate and optimize the efficiency of space engineering management as the important basis for decision-making and management. With the connotation of spacecraft engineering management, this paper selects balanced scorecard (BSC) for spacecraft engineering management evaluation. The method designs a kind of a four-dimensional evaluation index framework with concrete items, which integrates characteristics of aerospace into the traditional dimension of value, customer, operational management process, growth and development, and combines index weight and expert estimation. Finally, this paper lists out evaluation cases as summarization of BSC problems and concerns, and proposes space project management evaluation assumption, hoping it can help space engineering moving in the direction of high quality, high efficiency and high benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health shock is an important factor affecting the medical expenditure of farmers. As the largest environmental compensation project in China, the Green for Grain Program plays an important role in increasing the well-being of farmers. Based on the 2017–2019 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) dataset, this paper constructs two balanced panel data, which adopts the differences-in-differences propensity score matching (PSM-DID) from the perspective of post-hoc. The method identified the effect of health shock on the level of household medical expenditure in peasant household. The findings suggest that health shock have significantly increased the level of medical expenditure in peasant household, and this conclusion remains true after a series of robustness tests. Specifically, the health impact can significantly increase household medical expenditure by 2270 RMB yuan. Further research found that the impact is significantly heterogeneous due to whether farmers participate in the Green for Grain Program. Specifically, under the impact of health shock, the increased amount of medical expenditure of farmers participating in the Green for Grain Program is relatively small, that is, there is a "well-being paradox" phenomenon. Therefore, this paper puts forward suggestions on improving the level of farmers' health literacy, optimizing the compensation policy for the Green for Grain Program and developing the service industry policy in the areas where the Green for Grain Program is implemented. This study has certain policy guidance and reference value for the Chinese government to continue to consolidate the results of the Green for Grain Program to alleviate poverty and improve the well-being of farmers in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an evaluation framework to explore the linking mechanisms between customer knowledge management competence (CKMC) and Balanced Scorecard (BSC). With a case study from Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle of China, this paper attempts to empirically justify the framework. An index system was established for evaluating CKMC based on BSC and knowledge management process, the weight design and consistency check of the indexes were implemented by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the overall evaluation value and concrete index scores at all levels were obtained via the fuzzy evaluation method. Empirical results show that CKMC performance measurement indicators were ranked in order of importance as Business process performance dimensions (0.465), System support dimensions (0.289), Customer communication dimensions (0.152) and Market performance dimension (0.094). It also shows that the overall score of CKMC was 3.404, reflecting that the CKMC was in a state of general satisfaction. This research also identifies key factors hindering implementation of CKMC, including Attention from senior leaders (2.871), customer knowledge sharing efficiency (2.928), and information technology level (3.133). This research could contribute to CKM theory by extending customer knowledge management competence research with BSC initiatively. For practitioners, this study may provide useful suggestions to identify key factors promoting business CKMC, and finally promotes sustainable development of Agritourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a performance measurement management control tool model that can play a critical role in driving companies to achieve sustainable performance in the healthcare industry. In the previous studies, BSC advocates that the sustainable growth of business relies on a management balance focused on financial and non-financial aspects. This study uses the BSC model to examine the core business strategies, namely the duration of CEO tenure, the spending patterns between marketing and Research & Development (R&D) and human resources capability expressed in employee size in the healthcare industry in China. The research used a sample of 305 public-listed healthcare companies in PRC China with data collected for 2016–2019 from the China Stock Market & Accounting Research Database (CSMARD). The data was analyzed by SmartPLS version 3.3.6. This study has three essential findings. First, R&D investment has a negative quadratic impact on marketing expenses. Second, marketing expenses are a mediator between R&D investment and company performance. The last finding is that CEO tenure has a moderating effect on employee size in the company. These findings add to the literature on mediation studies in leadership and management. This study provides insights into mapping BSC as an international management assessment tool, indicating potential research opportunities and highlighting managerial implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Ekonomika APK is the property of Economy of Argo-Industrial Complex and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The balanced scorecard (BSC) has been a popular management innovation in health care. Implementing an innovation like the BSC can change the professional subcultures of a hospital. The purpose of this paper is to measure subcultures to establish the level of change during the implementation of a management innovation in a single Chinese public hospital. Design/methodology/approach: Four surveys were administered to the staff of a single hospital, and a 100,000-word research diary was compiled from observation of the research process. A longitudinal case study design was administered from 2006 to 2009. The competing values tool was administered twice to assess organizational cultural change. Findings: There was a change in the culture of different professional groups. The group with the strongest dominating culture type, which relies on cohesion, morale and employee participation in decision-making, shows the most positive change in cultural types during the BSC implementation process. Management innovations such as the BSC can create more balance in each professional group. Practical implications: The successful implementation of a management innovation in a hospital requires the managers to consider meeting the demand of medical professional groups and achieve desired culture type change, which in turn may help to achieve the expected results. Originality/value: This paper provides support to the finding that groups with a dominant group culture are more receptive to change and implementing a management innovation can influence professional group's culture. It also provides evidence that the implementation of BSC can create more balance in each professional group's culture. Although these findings come from health care, it may have relevance to other contexts in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional trade cooperation has become an important component of construction industry due to the Free Trade Agreement. This segment of the market presents many challenges for construction firms. Establishing suitable international partnering relations is an effective strategy for adapting to the additional unpredictability of international markets. This research integrates the Balanced Scorecard system with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process for comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of the relevant bilateral cooperation. Commercial cooperation across the Taiwan Strait is selected as a case study for determining the evaluating methodology. After examining data from Chinese firms, 12 factors for partner selection are identified. The factors are compared with practical conditions of worldwide and local markets to establish their viability. The methodology provides a framework for evaluating potential partners when attempting to enter foreign markets. Additionally, it identifies critical factors for developing optimal market entrance strategies, contracts, and risk management; results can also be golcally (globally and locally) tailored to promote the efficiency of international cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

BIM application in the construction industry is still low in China, mainly due to the lack of effective measures for BIM application evaluation. Therefore, this study takes BIM application as the research object to propose a three-stage network DEA approach for performance evaluation. The BIM application performance evaluation indicators are determined based on the balanced scorecard method and Delphi method, and a three-stage network DEA model is established to optimize the BIM application performance. The three-stage network DEA model established in this study can solve the problem that the traditional DEA model treats the internal structure as a "black box". The model is then applied to the actual case of 9 construction projects, including relaxation value analysis and path optimization, to identify the critical path for the reallocation of resources. This paper studies the performance evaluation of BIM application, which is conducive to the further improvement of the theory of BIM management, and also can effectively improve the performance of construction projects and bring practical benefits to construction enterprises. • BIM application is taken as the research object to propose a three-stage network DEA approach for performance evaluation. • The BIM application performance evaluation indicators are determined based on the Delphi method. • A three-stage network DEA model is established to optimize the BIM application performance. • The established three-stage DEA model is combined with the actual case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate how and why information systems (IS) enhance firm performance (FP) from a knowledge management perspective. Drawing upon the knowledge-view of the firm and organizational learning theories, we develop and empirically test a theoretical model where knowledge sharing (KS) plays a mediating role between IS maturity (ISM) and FP. Design/methodology/approach - Data were collected through a survey of business managers in China. The model was tested by using the partial least squares structural equation modeling approach. Findings - The results provide support for the propose research model and confirm that ISM is positively associated with FP, and KS partially mediates the effects of ISM. Originality/value - This study contributes to the IS literature by reconceptualizing the ISM construct and testing the mediating effect of KS and, thus, offers some answers to the "how-and-why" question about the value of IS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bonus system used in Chinese hospitals has been criticized for eroding doctors’ professional ethics and aggravating patient expense. This research article focuses on one system to improve hospital performance, the balanced scorecard (BSC). We use three data sources to examine the diffusion and implementation of the BSC in China: a questionnaire survey in Shandong Province, a print-media indicators and content analysis of the published BSC papers and semi-structured interviews with managers of Chinese hospitals that use the BSC. The research evidence shows that bonus systems are important, partially because of the poor pay of hospital professionals, and the BSC is perceived as providing a fair system to award such bonuses. This helps explain the relative endurance of the BSC in Chinese hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to work out the adapted balanced scorecard for the market of educational services, as well as to monitor the efficiency of the markets of educational services in Ukraine and the People's Republic of China. Originality. There has been analyzed in the article the prospects of introducing the adapted balanced scorecard into the market of educational services. There has been featured the meanings of the main indicators of the adapted balanced scorecard for assessing the effectiveness of the market of educational services. There has been suggested the approach to monitoring the effectiveness of the market of educational services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model is one of the most commonly used models for environmental impacts assessment. As an effective tool for strategic management and performance evaluation, Balanced Scorecard (BSC) has been widely applied in the management field. PSR and BSC share the similar principles such as systematic, causality and sustainability oriented. Furthermore, BSC features equilibrium and dynamics. It is a feasible and innovative approach to establish a comprehensive environmental assessment framework by combining BSC and PSR. By placing the customer indicator on the top layer and following the PSR principle on the second layer, one model was designed to examine the impact of urbanization on the air environment in Shandong Province from 2005 to 2009 with factor component analysis. The results showed that urbanization and air environmental sustainability has been an upward trend in Shandong. The sustainable development level is low in Shandong presently, which provides a large potential for further improvement. This study is a useful reference for policy makers in terms of economic and environmental management. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

With the participation of China in the World Trade Organization and abolition of quotas in 2005, the Turkish apparel industry has faced fierce competition. Textile and clothing producers need to develop strategies, convert these strategies into feasible goals and measure these conversions in order to survive and outcompete their rivals. Industrial and governmental organizations and universities have published some reports about the status of competition in the Turkish textile and apparel industry. In these reports, some strategies are proposed in order to survive in this competitive environment. In this study, a basic balanced scorecard is proposed based on these strategies. Strategic goals were derived according to the strategies suggested for a specific company profile. After that a strategic map was generated. Finally, key performance metrics are proposed that would measure the performance of the realisation of the strategic map generated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the government performance is one of the important objectives of local government reform, and scientific criteria for assessing government performance are the key to an effective management of its performance. At present, the criteria for assessing government performance are defective in that: government powers and responsibilities are not clearly defined, economic growth is overemphasized, the qualitative and quantitive criteria are not appropriately selected, the criteria are decomposed into trivial details, and the uniformity of the system is given too much priority. All these deviations result from the defects in the administrative system on the one hand, and from the local government's misconceptions about administration on the other. Therefore, we have to establish a correct view on evaluating the performance of public officials, define the functions of local government appropriately, and set the strategic objectives for the local government scientifically. On this basis, it is feasible to adopt the Balanced Scorecard to design the criteria for evaluating local government performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Tacit knowledge is perceived as the most strategically important resource of the construction organisation, and the only renewable and sustainable base for its activities and competitiveness. Knowledge management (KM) activities that deal with tacit knowledge are essential in helping an organisation to achieve its long-term organisational objectives. The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence for the stronger strategic role of tacit KM in comparison to explicit KM. Design/methodology/approach - A questionnaire survey was administered in 2005 to a sample of construction contractors operating in Hong Kong to elicit opinions on the internal business environment, intensity of KM activities as executed by targeted organisations, and contribution of these activities to business performance (BP). A total of 149 usable responses were received from 99 organisations representing about 38 per cent of the sampling frame. The statistical analyses helped to map the reported KM activities into two groups that, respectively, deal with tacit and explicit knowledge. The sensitivity to variations of organisational policies and strength of association with BP in relation to the two groups of KM activities were also compared empirically. A total of 15 interviews with the managerial and professional staff of leading contractors was undertaken to provide insightful narratives of KM implementations. Findings - The effective implementation of organisational policies, such as encouraging innovations and strengthening strategic guidance for KM, would facilitate human interactions of tacit KM. Higher intensity of activities in managing tacit knowledge would ultimately help the organisations to achieve economic gain in the long run. Originality/value - The stronger strategic role of tacit KM is empirically investigated and established within the context of construction organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: National fitness is a development plan formulated by China to promote people's participation in leisure and fitness, enhance people's physique, and realize the general goal of strengthening sports., Methods: Based on combing the development process of China's national fitness after reform and opening up, using the improved "balanced scorecard" method, this article constructs an evaluation index system of the national fitness development index., Results: The national fitness development index was established, including 4 first-level indicators, 14 second-level indicators, and 49 third-level indicators. It can calculate the national fitness development index with a total score of 100 points., Conclusion: To verify the feasibility of the evaluation system, the goal current situation evaluation method is used to calculate the national fitness development index during the 14th Five Year Plan period based on the development of national fitness during the 13th Five Year Plan period to provide evaluation tools and theoretical reference for the development of national fitness in China., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Liu, Zhang, Li, Hu, Liu, Zhao and Zhao.)

Central Environmental Inspection (CEI) is a particularly important innovative strategy in the transition of environmental governance in China. The first round of CEI for all provincial regions in mainland China has been finished by the end of 2017, but its actual performance remains to be seen. In this study, a multi-dimensional index system was developed under the framework of Balanced Scorecard. Using the content analysis method, we comprehensively evaluated the performance of CEIs in all provinces inspected from the perspectives of target achievement, local rectification, direct effect, and social involvement. The results indicate that CEI has made encouraging progress in the area of environmental governance and the accumulated experiences of the inspections in the early stage greatly boosted the subsequent performance of CEIs. The provincial performance of the central region was significantly higher than that of other regions. For target achievement, the focal points has been basically realized. Despite some neglect of CEI feedback, local environmental governance is experiencing a promising shift from passive to active in general. For social involvement, the CEI has not only promoted the awakening of public environmental consciousness, but also driven public participation in environmental protection. It is notable that the implementation of environmental co-responsibility between Party and governmental officials needs to be further improved. In addition, the shortcomings of each province were identified as well and policy recommendations for existing problems were offered to guide future optimization of local environmental governance and CEI practice. • This study quantitatively evaluated the performance of CEI in China firstly. • China's local environmental governance is shifting from passive to active. • The "Party-Political joint duty" implementation varies largely between provinces. • The CEI has partly promoted public participation in environmental protection. • The shortcoming of each province has been identified for future optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address, among other issues, the regional and international challenges of the heavy health care burden caused by an aging population, integrated care organizations (ICOs) were proposed at the end of the 20th century for health care delivery. However, the implementation of ICOs has not progressed smoothly, and the current results have not eliminated the imbalance of medical service capabilities among hospitals of different levels. To make up for the deficiency in the current evaluation system at ICOs and offer suggestions for improved sustainable health planning and management, this study establishes a balanced scorecard based on a comprehensive measurement system valid for a Chinese ICO by surveying the staff at the West China Hospital ICO. This study collected valid responses from 216 professional staff members at the ICO via questionnaires. K-means clustering and the coefficient of variation method were used to evaluate the weights of the first- and second-level indicators. The results show the importance ranking of the core perspectives of the ICO balanced scorecard in the following order: patient, internal process, learning and growth, and financial. The weight-based analysis identified the importance ranking of all indicators and pointed to the areas that require close attention in future ICO planning and management., (© 2019 The Authors The International Journal of Health Planning and Management Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)