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China, being a major agricultural nation, employs aerobic composting as an efficient approach to handle agricultural solid waste. Nevertheless, the composting process is often accompanied by greenhouse gas emissions, which are known contributors to global warming. Therefore, it is urgent to control the formation and emission of greenhouse gases from composting. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms underlying the production of nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide during the composting process of agricultural wastes. Additionally, it proposes an overview of the variables that affect greenhouse gas emissions, including the types of agricultural wastes (straw, livestock manure), the specifications for compost (pile size, aeration). The key factors of greenhouse gas emissions during composting process like physicochemical parameters, additives, and specific composting techniques (reuse of mature compost products, ultra-high-temperature composting, and electric-field-assisted composting) are summarized. Finally, it suggests directions and perspectives for future research. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for achieving carbon neutrality and promoting environmentally-friendly composting practices. [Display omitted] • GHG emissions are related to the type of material composted. • Compost size and turning frequency affect compost oxygen content. • Physicochemical properties are important factors influencing GHG emissions. • Aerobic composting under different strategies helps reduce GHG emissions. • Exogenous amendments affect GHG emission through their own characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the increasing knowledge on the discharge of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the environment and their potential toxicity to microorganisms, the interaction of AgNPs with heavy metals remains poorly understood. This study focused on the effect of AgNPs on heavy metal concentration and form in sediment contaminated with heavy metals from the Xiangjiang River. The results showed that the concentration of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd decreased and then increased with a change in form. The changes in form and concentrations of heavy metals in pore water suggested that Cu and Zn were more likely to be affected compared to Pb and Cd. The concentrations of Hg in sediment pore water in three AgNPs-dosed containers, increased greatly until they reached their peaks at 4.468 ± 0.133, 4.589 ± 0.235, and 5.083 ± 0.084 μg L −1 in Bare AgNPs, Citrate AgNPs and Tween 80 AgNPs, respectively. The measurements of Hg concentrations in the sediment pore water, combined with SEM and EDX analysis, demonstrated that added AgNPs stabilized in pore water and formed an amalgam with Hg 0 , which can affect Hg transportation over long distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Aims: Infantile hemangioma (IH) is one of the most common tumors in infancy, which etiology and pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, hypoxia and abnormal glucose metabolism is regarded as critical pathogenic factors. This study investigated the expression and function of glycolysis-associated molecules (GLUT1, HK2, PFKFB3, PKM2, and LDHA) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions to further understand the pathogenesis of IH., Main Methods: Hemangioma-derived endothelial cells (HemECs) were isolated from proliferating phase infantile hemangiomas and identified by immunofluorescence. HemECs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. RNA and protein expression of glycolysis-associated molecules were analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Glucose consumption, ATP production and lactate production were measured. Glycolysis-associated molecules were inhibited by WZB117, 3BP, 3PO, SKN, and GSK 2837808A and the resulting effects on HemECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation were quantified., Key Findings: Glycolysis-associated molecules were highly expressed at both mRNA and protein levels in HemECs compared with HUVECs (P < 0.05). Glucose consumption and ATP production were higher in HemECs than in HUVECs, while lactate production in HemECs was lower than in HUVECs (P < 0.05). Inhibition of some glycolysis-associated molecules reduced the proliferation, migration, and tube formation capacity of HemECs (P < 0.05)., Significance: Our study revealed that glycolysis-associated molecules were highly expressed in IH. Glucose metabolismin HemECs differed from normal endothelial cells. Altering the expression of glycolysis-associated molecules may influence the phenotype of HemECs and provide new therapeutic approaches to the successful treatment of IH., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are one of the most frequently detected organic pollutants in soils. In this work, the adsorption behaviors of di-ethyl phthalate (DEP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on soils, humins (HM) and Clay organo-mineral complexes (Clay-OM) from four regions in China, Changchun (CC), Cangzhou (CZ), Yinchuan (YC), and Changsha (CS) were studied. The surface and structural properties of these sorbents were characterized using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance methods. The results showed that the CC soil has the largest pore volume (PV) and specific surface area (SSA). PV, SSA, and aliphatic carbon content of the samples ranked as Clay-OM > HM > soil. Adsorption experiments indicated that the Clay-OM exhibited the strongest adsorption affinity for both DBP and DEP, followed by HM, and then the soil samples. Furthermore, DEP and DBP adsorption amounts on the samples declined as follows: CC > CS > CZ > YC. To illustrate the dominant mechanisms for PAEs adsorption onto soil, the soil organic carbon content normalized adsorption coefficient (LogK oc ) was correlated with several possible parameters using multiple parameter linear regression and significance testing. The R 2 values of the DBP and DEP in multi-regression equations were 0.825 and 0.741 respectively, and the significance test suggested that pore structure and specific surface area had crucial influences on the adsorption progress., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)