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Potentilla chinesis Ser. (Wei Ling Cai) was a food for humans and animals in China, as well as a traditional Chinese herb recorded in "ZhonghuaBencao". Aeromonas hydrophila NJ-35 (NJ-35) was a bacterial pathogen associated with high mortality rate in aquaculture. The purpose of the present work was to isolate and identify the anti-bacterial components against the NJ-35 from the extract of Wei Ling Cai, as well as explore the underlying anti-bacterial mechanism. The peak 3 was the most efficient anti-bacterial component in all collected peaks, and it was identified as (1 R ,2 S ,5 R ,6 S)-2,6-bis(3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane (P-3) by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of P-3 against NJ-35 was 0.125 mg/mL. The results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) combined with NanoLC-ESI-MS/MS showed that, in the P-3- treated group, the proteins of phosphoglucomutase (PGM), pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C (AhpC) were up-regulated, whereas, the porin and 30S ribosomal S3 were down-regulated. In addition, after the treatment of P-3 , the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and the membrane permeability were increased (P < 0.01). The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that P-3 made the NJ-35 shriveled, sunken, and wrinkled. Taken together, these results suggested the P-3 might be a promising anti-bacterial agent for pharmacological research, and Wei Ling Cai could be a food-borne treatment for the A. hydrophila infection in aquaculture. [Display omitted] • The Potentilla chinensis Ser. (Wei Ling Cai) could inhibit the growth of NJ-35. • The active anti-bacterial components were separated and identified as P-3. • The P-3 could destroy of the cell wall and cell membrane of NJ-35. • The P-3 could inhibit the protein synthesis of NJ-35. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two RV vaccines have been licensed in Zhejiang province, China, including the pentavalent RotaTeq (RV5) and the monovalent RV vaccine (RV1). This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of RV1 and RV5 to inform the prioritization of provincial immunization program. A decision tree-Markov model was applied to assess the cost-effectiveness of RV1 or RV5 vaccination, compared to no RV vaccination in a 5-year period. The incremental health cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is averted when each kind of RV vaccine included in the immunization program was estimated. It was also compared to the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of 1 time of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita of Zhejiang province in 2021 (16865.70US$). The uncertainties of these results were assessed through the one-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. In the base-case scenario, RV5 was the least costly RV vaccine with a cost-effectiveness ratio of 510 US$ per DALY averted. The other RV1 vaccines provided equivalent benefits but at higher costs, with a cost-effectiveness ratio of 4600 US$ per DALY averted. Compared to no vaccination, the probabilities of being cost-effective were 72.3% for RV1 and 88.4% for RV5, at a WTP threshold of 1 time of the GDP per capita. An RV vaccination program using any of the two China-licensed RV vaccines compared to no vaccination would avert 30-70% of outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and deaths from RVGE. RV5 was currently estimated to be the most cost-effective.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) after its licensure., Methods: Review and describe the AEFI reported to national adverse event following immunization surveillance system (NAEFISS) in Zhejiang province from 2017 to 2020. Reporting rates of AEFI were calculated by age, city, severity of AEFI, categories of AEFI, and reaction categories. The data mining algorithm used in this study was reporting odds ratio (ROR). A value of ROR-1.96SE >1 (standard error [SE]) was considered as the positive signal., Results: NAEFISS received 3332 AEFI cases following PCV13, with a reporting rate of 17.58/10000 doses. Of the reported AEFI, 652 were serious AEFI cases and the reporting rate was 3.44 for serious AEFI. The reporting rate of fever was the highest among all the clinical diagnosis (7.39/10000 doses). The positive signals were obtained for injection site reaction (ROR-1.96SE: 1.55), hypotonic hyporesponsive episode (HHE) (ROR-1.96SE: 1.62) and febrile seizure (ROR-1.96SE: 1.52)., Conclusion: The present results supported previous observations that the PCV13 administered as the four-dose schedule was generally well tolerated in Chinese infants as we did not identify any new/unexpected safety concern from the NAEFISS during a four-year time period.

The safety profile of the 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine (9vHPV) was evaluated based on the reporting rate of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) obtained from the passive surveillance data in Zhejiang. The 9vHPV AEFI reports in Zhejiang were collected and reviewed from the National Adverse Event Following Immunization Surveillance System (NAEFISS) from 2019 to 2021. Reporting rates of AEFI were analyzed under multiple aspects, including age, city, number of vaccinations, AEFI categories, and diagnosis categories. This study used the reporting odds ratio (ROR) for anomalous signal assessment. The NAEFISS collected 331 AEFI reports after administering 1,064,851 doses of 9vHPV, with a crude AEFI rate of 3.12/10,000 doses. The third dose had the highest reporting rate of minor vaccine-related reaction (n = 80, 3.06 per 10,000), followed by the first dose (n = 134, 2.98 per 10,000), and second dose (n = 76, 2.15 per 10,000). Fever/redness/induration was the most common minor adverse event (281 records, 2.64/10,000 doses). Nine cases of urticaria, ten cases of allergic rash, and ten cases of syncope were recorded. This study found a positive signal association between 9vHPV immunization and adverse events such as syncope, encephalitis, sterile abscess, and urticaria. This study did not identify any new emerging safety concerns. In the future, more research is needed to validate and further explore adverse reactions associated with 9vHPV.

Objectives : This study summarizes passive surveillance data for adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in Zhejiang province. Methods : The AEFI reports and number of doses on all vaccines used were extracted from the national AEFI surveillance system and the immunization information system of Zhejiang province (ZJIIS). Reporting rates of AEFI were calculated by age, city, severity of AEFI, categories of AEFI, vaccine types, and reaction categories. Results : A total of 13,079 AEFI records were reported and 23,091,401 vaccine doses were administered, with a reporting rate of 56.64/100,000 doses for AEFI. The highest reporting rate of AEFI was observed among the infants <1 year of age (108.61/100,000 doses) and the lowest rate was observed among recipients aged ≥60 years. Most of the AEFI reports were vaccine product-related reactions (48.81/100,000 doses), and the lowest was vaccination errors (0.02/100,000 doses). The most frequently reported individual vaccine was DTP and Hib combined vaccine, with a reporting rate of 426.62/100,000 doses. The most frequently reported AEFI was fever/redness/induration (48.82/100,000 doses). Conclusion : Our findings illustrated the high level of vaccine safety since the majority of those reported were not serious, or coincidentally associated with vaccination. Furthermore, the national AEFI surveillance system should be continuously used as a surveillance tool for monitoring of AEFI.

Introduction: The military is a risk environment for cigarette smoking. This study determined the prevalence of, cessation attempts, knowledge, and attitudes regarding smoking, and factors related to it in the Chinese navy., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of military personnel on active duty in the Chinese navy, Guangdong province. Data were collected using a standard structured questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with smoking. The research protocols were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Naval Medical University, and participants gave written informed consent., Results: A total of 1,530 military personnel who had served for >3 months completed the survey, 859 (56.14%) of whom were current smokers. The main reasons for smoking were stress alleviation and social needs. A total of 377 smokers had previously attempted quitting. More than half considered the military environment supportive of smoking. Subjects' knowledge regarding smoking mainly comprised negative respiratory-health effects. Smoking status was related to education level, military service duration, number of smoking family members, and smoking knowledge., Conclusions: Smoking prevalence in the Chinese navy is higher than that among Chinese civilians and the US and UK military personnel. Although many sailors are aware of the dangers of smoking to their health, they seldom get advice or help regarding smoking cessation. Most smokers believed that smoking cessation could improve their health. Therefore, the navy should formulate policies encouraging and facilitating military personnel's smoking cessation., (© Association of Military Surgeons of the United States 2018. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Objective: Posttraumatic immune disorder can cause complications including systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Cytotoxic granules containing perforin and granzyme-B (GrB) are released by cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocytes, NK and γδT cells after major trauma. This prospective clinical study was designed to analyze the association between these immune components and complications after major trauma., Methods: We retrospectively studied 48 patients aged between 16 and 65 years admitted within 90min of major trauma (Injury Severity Score>16) and surviving beyond 7 days, and 20 healthy controls. Blood samples were drawn on admission and after 1, 3 and 7 days. CD8(+) T, NK and γδT cell counts in peripheral blood and the levels of perforin and GrB in these cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Clinical aspects of MODS and SIRS were recorded daily., Results: CD8(+) T cell counts were not significantly different in patients with SIRS or uncomplicated group, but were depressed in the MODS group after trauma. However, NK cell counts in patients with MODS were significantly depressed only at day 7 after injury, and γδT cell counts were significantly depressed after trauma. Perforin levels in CD8(+) T, NK and γδT cells in patients with MODS were depressed after trauma. GrB levels in NK, CD8(+) T and γδT cells in patients with MODS were significantly depressed at 3 and 7 days post trauma., Conclusion: Posttraumatic MODS is associated with early, sustained, and severe depression of lymphocytes., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)