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Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences of three mitochondrial (COI, COII and ND2) and six nuclear (28S, atpA, CAD, EF2, HSPA4 and TUBA1) gene regions recovered a novel lineage (Crypsisteganasubgen.n.) and lends support to the monophyly of the subgenus Oxyphortica. Integrating molecular and morphological evidence, we revise the taxonomic status of Oxyphortica, reclassify species of uncertain affinity into four new species groups (adentata, geisson, polystylata and subconvergens) and place five new species discovered from southern China in Crypsisteganasubgen.n. and two species groups (geisson and polystylata) of Oxyphortica, respectively. To evaluate the performance of individual genes in phylogenetic inference, the phylogenetic informativeness profiles were generated. The results reveal mitochondrial loci possess much greater phylogenetic signal to resolve species‐level relationships, while nuclear loci perform better at the subgenus level within the genus Stegana. In addition, both tectonic and climatic events appear to have played pivotal roles in the diversification of Oxyphortica. The present distribution pattern of this subgenus might have been shaped from a rapid adaptive radiation in Southwest China as a secondary area of endemicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cross-border malaria in Laiza City of Myanmar seriously affected Yingjiang County of China and compromised reaching the goal of malaria elimination by 2020. Since 2017, a pilot project on 3 + 1 strategy of joint cross-border malaria prevention and control was carried out for building a malaria buffer in these border areas. Here, 3 were the three preventive lines in China where different focalized approaches of malaria elimination were applied and + 1 was a defined border area in Myanmar where the integrated measures of malaria control were adopted.Methods: A 5-year retrospective analysis (2015 to 2019) was conducted that included case detection, parasite prevalence and vector surveillance. Descriptive statistics was used and the incidence or rates were compared. The annual parasite incidence and the parasite prevalence rate in + 1 area of Myanmar, the annual importation rate in Yingjiang County of China and the density of An. minimus were statistically significant indictors to assess the effectiveness of the 3 + 1 strategy.Results: In + 1 area of Myanmar from 2015 to 2019, the averaged annual parasite incidence was (59.11 ± 40.73)/1000 and Plasmodium vivax accounted for 96.27% of the total confirmed cases. After the pilot project, the annual parasite incidence dropped 89% from 104.77/1000 in 2016 to 12.18/1000 in 2019, the microscopic parasite prevalence rate dropped 100% from 0.34% in 2017 to zero in 2019 and the averaged density of An. Minimus per trap-night dropped 93% from 1.92 in June to 0.13 in September. The submicroscopic parasite prevalence rate increased from 1.15% in 2017 to 1.66% in 2019 without significant difference between the two surveys (P = 0.084). In Yingjiang County of China, neither indigenous nor introduced case was reported and 100% cases were imported from Myanmar since 2017. The averaged annual importation rate from 2015 to 2019 was (0.47 ± 0.15)/1000. After the pilot project, the annual importation rate dropped from 0.59/1000 in 2016 to 0.28/1000 in 2019 with an overall reduction of 53% in the whole county. The reduction was 67% (57.63/1000 to 18.01/1000) in the first preventive line, 52% (0.20/1000 to 0.10/1000) in the second preventive line and 36% (0.32/1000 to 0.22/1000) in the third preventive line. The averaged density of An. Minimus per trap-night in the first preventive line dropped 94% from 2.55 in June to 0.14 in September, without significant difference from that of + 1 area of Myanmar (Z value = - 1.18, P value = 0.24).Conclusion: The pilot project on 3 + 1 strategy has been significantly effective in the study areas and a buffer zone of border malaria was successfully established between Laiza City of Myanmar and Yingjiang County of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Stegana (Steganina) shirozui species group is mainly distributed in East Asia. In the present study, the molecular phylogeny of the S. shirozui group was investigated based on mitochondrial (COI and ND2) and nuclear (28S rRNA) markers. The resulting trees support the S. shirozui group as monophyletic and indicate that in this group, species associated with closer affinities show higher structural homogeneity in male genitalia. Molecular species delimitation assess most species limits and recognize four new species in the S. shirozui group from south-west China: S. alianya sp. nov. S. diodonta sp. nov. S. zebromyia sp. nov. and S. zopheria sp. nov. One new synonym was also recognized. Additionally, three typical male genital characters of the S. shirozui group were placed on the molecular phylogenetic framework. The outcome of both divergence-time estimation and ancestral area reconstruction suggests that the S. shirozui group likely originated in south-west China in the Middle Miocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phylogenetic relationships of the two largest species groups in the genus Amiota [the Amiota alboguttata group (29 known and six new species) and the Amiota basdeni group (17 known and three new species)] were reconstructed using two mitochondrial gene sequences (COI and ND2). The paraphyly of the A. alboguttata group was identified based on molecular evidence. The monophyletic A. basdeni group is found to be nested in the A. alboguttata group, rendering the latter paraphyletic. Automatic barcode gap discovery and Bayesian phylogenetics and phylogeography methods were used to assess species limits of the A. alboguttata and A. basdeni groups. The results indicate that most analysed species could be delimited clearly, including nine new species (Amiota beama sp. nov. , Amiota cyclophylla sp. nov. , Amiota flormontana sp. nov. , Amiota obtusa sp. nov. , Amiota planiceps sp. nov. , Amiota scrobicula sp. nov. , Amiota jianjuni sp. nov. , Amiota tentacula sp. nov. and Amiota xinglaii sp. nov.), except for some closely related morphospecies. Furthermore, based on the highly biased distributions of these two groups, southwestern China is hypothesized to be a possible centre of origin and diversification for Amiota in East Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten new species of the subgenusStegana(Steganina) are described from southern to south-western China:S. (S.)convenasp. nov.,S. (S.)cylindricasp. nov.,S. (S.)eurystomasp. nov.,S. (S.)hamatasp. nov.,S. (S.)hirticepssp. nov.,S. (S.)latigenasp. nov.,S. (S.)planicepssp. nov.,S. (S.)rhomboicasp. nov.,S. (S.)setivenasp. nov. andS. (S.)sphaericasp. nov. They cannot be placed under any established species groups.http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D4B6C5A7-3700-4B0C-8355-E4564C2A7296 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 90% of the tungsten resources of China are in the Nanling region of South China, and the Yaogangxian vein deposit is the largest tungsten deposit in this region. The tungsten deposits have ages of 150-160 Ma, and are spatially, temporally and genetically related to granites which were previously believed to be produced by crustal anatexis. This paper provides He and Ar isotope data of fluid inclusions in pyrite and arsenopyrite from the Yaogangxian W veins. He/He ratios range from 0.41 to 3.03 Ra (where Ra is the He/He ratio of air = 1.39 × 10), and Ar/Ar ratios from 328 to 1,191. Moreover, there are excellent correlations between He and Ar isotopic compositions. The results suggest that the ore-forming fluids are a mixture between a crustal fluid containing atmospheric Ar and crustal He and a fluid containing mantle components. It is likely that the former is a low temperature meteoric fluid, and the later is a fluid exsolved from the W-associated granitic magma, which formed by crustal melting induced by intrusion of a mantle-derived magma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Shizhuyuan ore deposit in southern Hunan Province is a world-class W-Sn-Bi-Mo occurrence hosted by Devonian limestone in the thermal aureole of the Qianlishan granite. Mineralization coincided with intrusion of the granite pluton during Mesozoic crustal extension in South China. We present new He and Ar isotope data for volatiles released from pyrite in the Shizhuyuan deposit. Concentrations of 40Ar range from 0.21 to 2.38 × 10-6 cm3 STP 40Ar/g, and 4He concentrations range from 0.8 to 65.1 × 10-6 cm3 STP 4He/g. 3He/4He ratios vary from 0.06 to 1.66 Ra (where Ra is the 3He/4He ratio of air = 1.39 × 10-6) and 40Ar/36Ar ratios range from 293 to 1072. The isotopic compositions of He and Ar indicate that the ore-forming fluids were mantle-derived, modified by air-saturated crustal fluids. Shallow-level boiling increased 3He concentrations, whereas crustal contamination decreased 3He/4He ratios in the magmatic fluids. The occurrence of mantle-derived components in the magmatic fluid indicates that the associated Qianlishan granite is not a typical S-type pluton that formed entirely by crustal melting. We propose that the mineralization was related to mantle upwelling and Mesozoic lithosphere extension of the South China Block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One subgroup of the Stegana (Steganina) coleoptrata species group is elevated as a species group (i.e., the shirozui species group), so as to include the three known species, S. ctenaria Nishiharu, S. (S.) masanoritodai Okada and Sidorenko and S. (S.) shirozui Okada, as well nine new species reported from China and Japan: S. (S.) jiajinshanensis, S. (S.) jianfenglingensis, S. (S.) maoershanensis, S. (S.) multidentata, S. (S.) qinlingensis, S. (S.) saigusai, S. (S.) shennongi, S. (S.) wuyishanensis and S. (S.) xanthosticta spp. nov. A key to all the species of this group is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new species of the subgenus Cacoxenus (Nankangomyia) Máca and Lin, 1993 are described: C. (N.) gani sp. nov. from southwest China and C. (N.) unipaxillus sp. nov. from Myanmar. The diagnosis of Nankangomyia is revised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new species of the genus Apsiphortica Okada, 1971 are described: A. longiciliata Cao and Chen, A. melanogaster Chen, and A. xui Chen, spp. nov. from southwest China, and A. multiclavata Chen and Toda, sp. nov. from Sabah in Malaysia. Supplementary descriptions are provided for two known species, A. holubi Máca, 2003 and A. lini (Okada, 1971), after examination of the holotype specimens. A key to all the species of the genus Apsiphortica is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new subgenus Allstegana is established within the genus Parastegana, including two known and two new species from southern China: P. (A.) maculipennis (Okada, 1971), P. (A.) drosophiloides (Toda and Peng, 1992), P. (A.) brevivena Chen and Zhang, sp. nov., and P. (A.) punctalata Chen and Watabe, sp. nov. A key to all known species of Parastegana is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with a total of 29 species of the genus Phortica from Yunnan, including nine new species: acongruens (Zhang and Shi), bicornuta (Chen and Toda), bipartita (Toda and Peng), biprotrusa (Chen and Toda), cardua (Okada), eugamma (Toda and Peng), excrescentiosa (Toda and Peng), flexuosa (Zhang and Gan), gamma (Toda and Peng), hani (Zhang and Shi), lambda (Toda and Peng), omega (Okada), protrusa (Zhang and Shi), pseudogigas (Zhang and Gan), pseudopi (Toda and Peng), pseudotau (Toda and Peng), saeta (Zhang and Gan), speculum (Máca and Lin), subradiata (Okada), tau (Toda and Peng), glabtabula Chen and Gao, sp. nov., latipenis Chen and Gao, sp. nov., longipenis Chen and Gao, sp. nov., pangi Chen and Wen, sp. nov., sagittaristula Chen and Wen, sp. nov., saltiaristula Chen and Wen, sp. nov., setitabula Chen and Gao, sp. nov., uncinata Chen and Gao, sp. nov., and unipetala Chen and Wen, sp. nov. A key to all species examined of the genus Phortica from Yunnan, China, is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 38 Amiota (s. str.) species (about 40% of the world total) are reported from southern China, with descriptions of 23 new species, i.e. sinuata species-group: aculeata Chen and Aotsuka, sp. nov., subsinuata Chen and Aotsuka, sp. nov., xishuangbanna Chen and Aotsuka, sp. nov.; basdeni species-group: brevipartita Chen and Gao, sp. nov., curvispina Chen and Gao, sp. nov., lipingae Chen and Gao, sp. nov., huae Chen and Gao, sp. nov., longispina Chen and Gao, sp. nov.; taurusata species-group: asymmetrica Chen and Takamori, sp. nov.; femorata Chen and Takamori, sp. nov., yixiangensis Chen and Takamori, sp. nov.; alboguttata species-group: ailaoshanensis Chen and Watabe, sp. nov., arcuata Chen and Watabe, sp. nov., dehiscentia Chen and Watabe, sp. nov., jizushanensis Chen and Watabe, sp. nov., latitabula Chen and Watabe, sp. nov., luguhuensis Chen and Watabe, sp. nov., nozawai Chen and Watabe, sp. nov., paraspinata Chen and Watabe, sp. nov., shangrila Chen and Watabe, sp. nov.; and ungrouped: fuscicata Chen and Zhang, sp. nov., wangi Chen and Zhang, sp. nov., wuyishanensis Chen and Zhang, sp. nov. A key to all species from southern China is provided. The Amiota fauna of southern China at the species-group level is compared with that of six geographic regions. The subgenus Amiota is assumed to have originated and produced many species-groups in the Oriental region of East Asia, and then the basdeni , alboguttata and rufescens species-groups might have spread to Europe and North-Central America throughout the Palearctic region of East Asia and both the apodemata , sinuata and nagatai species-groups to tropical regions of South-East Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ulna coronoid fracture is a complicated injury and occurred in the coronal plane. Undeniably, there is no universally accepted approach for treating ulna coronoid fractures. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring the efficacy of different surgical treatments for Regan-Morrey type II and III ulna coronoid fractures.Methods: A total of 164 patients with ulna coronoid fractures were admitted and treated in department of orthopedics at Yiwu Central Hospital, the Affiliated Yiwu Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University for retrospective analysis. The baseline features (age, gender, time from injury to surgery and so on) before the surgery and different conditions during the surgery were compared. Following that, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score was employed to evaluate the severity of preoperative and postoperative pain experienced by the patients in each group. Afterwards, Broberg and Morrey elbow score was used to evaluate elbow joint function and surgical effect of the patients. Lastly, the postoperative recovery and complications were compared.Results: It was firstly observed that internal fixation with mini plate and hollow screw compelled to lower average operation time and blood loss than Kirschner wire and steel wire suture. Next, the severity of postoperative pain was lessened in comparison with preoperative pain. Afterwards, mini plate and hollow screw improved elbow joint function more notable than Kirschner wire and steel wire suture, and Kirschner wire and steel wire suture resulted in higher incidence of complications and worse postoperative recovery.Conclusion: Collectively, this study clarified that for the treatment of Regan-Morrey type II and III ulna coronoid fractures, internal fixation with mini plate and hollow screw has an overall superior surgical effect than internal fixation with Kirschner wire and steel wire suture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]