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Prostate cancer is one of the significant diseases that threaten the survival of men worldwide, with the progression of androgen deprivation therapy, become much rely on it, finally, developed into castration-resistant prostate cancer (ADT). In western countries, ranks second in incidence, and in China, with increasing lifespan, the incidence of prostate cancer is rising steadily. Although chemotherapy agents, such as taxane, have achieved some efficacy, treatment failure still occur. As sensitivity of hormone levels change, the disease can progress to castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Because of the poor efficacy of traditional surgery, endocrine therapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, the treatment options for castrate-resistant prostate cancer are limited. Advanced prostate cancer can progress on immunotherapy, and thus, bio -immunotherapy targeting the unique, prostate microenvironment is an important option. In this paper, we systematically revealed the role of three types of bio-immunotherapies (immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumors, vaccines, cytokines) in castrate-resistant prostate cancer, providing a reference for clinical treatment of prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local retroperitoneal recurrence (RPR) after radical nephrectomy (RN) is rare in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, it is associated with poor prognosis and lacks standard treatment. Our study aimed to assess oncological outcomes and prognostic factors of patients that underwent targeted therapy for RPR after RN, and to evaluate the role of presurgical targeted therapy in this context. This was a retrospective multicenter study of 85 patients with RPR treated with targeted therapy for RPR after RN (July 2008‐October 2020). Clinical and pathological characteristics were reported using descriptive statistics. Cancer‐specific survival (CSS) was examined using the Cox proportional hazards model. The median follow‐up time was 50 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.3‐66.7) after the RPR diagnosis. The median CSS was 96 months in the presurgical targeted therapy followed by surgical resection group and 42 months (95% CI: 28.8‐55.2) in the targeted therapy alone group (P =.0011). In multivariate analysis, International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium classification intermediate/poor risk, number of recurrence lesions and surgical resection were independent predictors of CSS. Presurgical targeted therapy may increase the feasibility of tumor resection for RPR after RN. Patients who underwent surgical resection following presurgical targeted therapy had better CSS than those treated with targeted therapy alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red clay is widely distributed in Zhejiang Province, China. Rain-induced shallow landslides easily occur on red clay slopes due to the reduction in shear strength caused by rainwater infiltration. The aim of this paper was to study the soil–water characteristic of red clay and its application on analyzing the stability of red clay slope. A series of field tests at different depths of red clay slope were carried out to monitor the variations of water content and matric suction under typical climate conditions. The results showed that the distribution of water content in red clay slope is complex because of long-term wetting–drying cycles. The water content within shallow layer is sensitive to external environment, and the response time of the water content is related to rainfall intensity. It is also observed that the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) varies at different depths. The SWCCs of red clay can be fitted by linear function. The SWCCs from laboratory tests illustrated that saturated water content is more than 40%. Most of the SWCCs obtained at the depth of 90 cm are within the hysteresis loops of the SWCCs from laboratory test. The short-term rainfall has less effect on the stability of the slope, but the stability continuously decreases after the rain stops. The SWCCs obtained from laboratory were applied to analyze slope stability. Considering the influence of cracks, the computed results are close to field data. The study has a certain directive significance to the design of red clay slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Renal primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a rare and highly malignant neoplasm. Our study alms to present the clinical findings and prognosis of 6 patients with renal PNET from China. Material and Methods: From Janu-ary 2003 to February 2012, 6 patients with renal PNET con-firmed by immunohistochemical staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) treated in our institution were re-viewed retrospectively and our data compared with the lit-erature. Results: There were 4 male and 2 female patients with a mean age of 35.0 years. The mean diameter was 13.3 cm. Five of the masses had renal vein thrombosis, and 3 extended into the inferior vena cava. A lymph node metas-tasis was detected In 1 patient and a liver metastasis in an-other patient. Radical nephrectomy was performed In all cases, with 5 patients following chemotherapy and 1 receiv-ing Sutent treatment. Within a median follow-up of 7.5 months (range 1-71), median overall survival was 22.1 months. Conclusions: The diagnosis of renal PNET should be considered in young patients presenting with renal mass and venous thrombosis. It seems that Asian renal PNET pa-tients had a higher rate of venous thrombosis than Cauca-sian populations. CD99 posltivity on immunohistochemistry and EWS-FL1 chimera gene detected by FISH support the diagnosis. The prognosis is poor despite multimodal treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on a foreign shoe factories that endanger women workers with hydrocarbon poisons in Putian, Fujian. Mention Putian City in Fujian Province and Mazu, goddess of the sea and Shoe City spring immediately to mind. Since 1984, a myriad of foreign-invested enterprises, most of which are shoe factories, have flocked here. These factories numbering about 100 all generally use concentrated volatile adhesive glue containing benzene, toluene and trimethylbenzene. Adhesives containing excessive concentration of the three-bens are extremely dangerous to health. They directly damage blood production and the central nervous system. Long-term contact can cause minor symptoms of dizziness, loss of appetite, and loss of memory and mental capacity and major symptoms of anemia leading to death. Most effects are gradual and may eventually lead to cancer and birth defects. Putian's Sanitation and Anti-Epidemic Station conducted a survey of the concentration levels of the three-bens on the shopfloor of twelve large-scale shoe factories.

We reported genomic profiling, clinical characterization, and treatment efficacy of available therapeutic agents in the largest multicenter cohort of patients with FH-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to date. First-line combination therapy with an immune checkpoint inhibitor plus a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ICI/TKI) was associated with more favorable outcomes in comparison to other first-line therapies, including bevacizumab plus erlotinib and TKI monotherapy, suggesting ICI/TKI combinations could be promising in advanced FH-deficient RCC. Further randomized studies in larger data sets are needed for independent validation of these findings. FH-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare and exceptionally aggressive RCC subtype. There is currently limited understanding of the molecular alterations, pathogenesis, survival outcomes, and systemic therapy efficacy for this cancer. To perform a retrospective multicenter analysis of molecular profiling and clinical outcomes for patients with FH-deficient RCC, with an emphasis on treatment response to first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ICI/TKI) versus bevacizumab plus erlotinib (Bev/Erlo) combination therapy in patients with advanced disease. The study included 77 cases of FH-deficient RCC from 15 centers across China. Clinical characteristics, molecular correlates, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging, and treatment outcomes were analyzed. A total of 77 patients were identified, including 70 cases with a germline FH alteration (hereditary leiomyomatosis RCC syndrome [HLRCC]-associated RCC) and seven patients with somatic FH loss. Recurrent pathogenic alterations were found in NF2 (six/57, 11%), CDH1 (six/57, 11%), PIK3CA (six/57, 11%), and TP53 (five/57, 8.8%). Sixty-seven patients were evaluable for response to first-line systemic therapy with Bev/Erlo (n = 12), TKI monotherapy (n = 29), or ICI/TKI (n = 26). ICI/TKI combination therapy was associated with more favorable overall survival on systemic treatment (hazard ratio [HR] 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04–0.90) and progression-free survival on first-line therapy (HR 0.22, 95% CI 0.07–0.71) compared to Bev/Erlo combination therapy. The main limitation is the retrospective study design. We described the genomic characteristics of FH-deficient RCC in an Asian population and observed a favorable response to ICI/TKI combinational therapy among patients with advanced disease. This real-world study provides evidence supporting the antitumour activity of combining molecular targeted therapy plus immunotherapy for kidney cancer deficient in fumarate hydratase. Further studies are needed to investigate the efficacy of this combination strategy in this rare cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) for aortic arch pathologies with surgeon modified fenestrated stent grafts., Methods: A multicentre, retrospective study consisting of consecutive patients from seven centres treated with surgeon modified fenestrated stent grafts for aortic arch pathologies was conducted. A technique to align fenestrations and supra-aortic vessels was applied. Rates of technical success, mortality, complications, and re-interventions were evaluated., Results: Between February 2016 and January 2020, 513 consecutive patients with aortic arch pathologies received TEVAR with surgeon modified fenestrated stent grafts. The technical success rate was 98.6% (n = 506). In total, 626 fenestrations were created to revascularise 684 branch arteries of the aortic arch. There were 13 deaths and 15 re-interventions within 30 days of the operation. The estimated clinical success rate at 30 days was 94.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 92.4 - 96.4), the estimated survival at 30 days was 97.5% (95% CI 96.1 - 98.9), and the estimated freedom from re-intervention at 30 days was 97.1% (95% CI 95.7 - 98.5). The median follow up was 27 (interquartile range 13 - 31) months. During follow up, there were five aortic related deaths, three non-aortic related deaths, and four deaths of unknown cause. Eighteen patients underwent re-intervention. The estimated clinical success rate at 24 months was 88.2% (95% CI 85.5 - 91.0), the estimated survival at 24 months was 94.9% (95% CI 92.7 - 97.1), and the estimated freedom from re-intervention at 24 months was 93.1% (95% CI 91.0 - 95.3). In total, 18 cases of stroke were recorded, including 12 within 30 days and six during follow up; six cases of retrograde type A aortic dissection were recorded, including five within 30 days and one during the follow up., Conclusion: TEVAR with surgeon modified fenestrated stent grafts for the treatment of aortic arch pathologies provides acceptable outcomes. Further follow up is required to confirm the benefits of this approach., (Copyright © 2021 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical classification is a standardized system to assess the anatomical complexity of renal tumors and its impact on perioperative outcomes of partial nephrectomy. The objective is to apply the preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical classification in a series of Chinese patients undergoing open or laparoscopic partial nephrectomy., Methods: A total of 195 consecutive renal tumors treated with open partial nephrectomy or laparoscopic partial nephrectomy between June 2008 and May 2011 were included in this analysis. All the preoperative images and clinical records were retrospectively evaluated. Complication rate, warm ischemia time, operation time and degree of blood loss were compared among different risk groups (low risk: preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical score 6-7; intermediate risk: preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical score 8-9; high risk: preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical score ≥10). The original preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical score system was modified by replacing rim location with hilar vasculature involvement and tested for prediction of overall complications., Results: The median preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical score was 8. Overall complication rate was 17.9%. Preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical score was an independent predictor for perioperative complications. Intermediate and high-risk patients had a four- and 37-fold higher risk of complications respectively (P = 0.012, P < 0.001). Higher preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical score predicted longer operation time (P = 0.007), warm ischemia time (P < 0.001) and higher degree of blood loss (P = 0.003) in open partial nephrectomy patients. In laparoscopic partial nephrectomy patients, preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical score was also a predictor for warm ischemia time (P = 0.033); however, it was not significant for operation time and degree of blood loss (P = 0.325, P = 0.302). The modified preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical score was an independent predictor for overall complications (P < 0.001); however, its superiority could not be verified (P = 0.847)., Conclusions: The preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical classification predicts the risk of overall complications in Chinese patients undergoing nephron-sparing surgery. Replacing the rim location with hilar vasculature involvement might be a promising modification of this scoring system., (© 2012 The Japanese Urological Association.)