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In this paper, we report on how authors of academic writing in Chinese (AWC) refer to themselves as single authors in the area of language studies. We find that AWC writers rely on the 1st-person plural 我们 women "we," 3rd-person NPs such as 作者/笔者 zuozhe/bizhe "this author," and inanimate NPs such as 本文 benwen "this article/paper" for self-reference. Based on these findings and subsequent surveys of journal style guides and interviews of authors, we propose that (1) these self-referring expressions are a set of conventions; (2) the motivation for these conventions is modesty, a deep-routed value of Chinese society; and (3) these expressions serve as indexicals to the writers' identity of a modest scholar in the particular discursive context: the genre of academic writing. By so doing, our work links language use to social values, to identity studies, as well as to genre analysis, thus contributing to the literature in all these fields of investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2012, 13 years after its handover back to China, Macao's gaming industry revenue had surpassed the gross gaming revenues from all of the United States’ commercial casinos. Since gaming liberalization in 2002, Macao has become increasingly reliant on this industry. Macao's tourism industry was generating over 80% of its public revenue by 2012 and mostly from gaming. With increasing calls to diversify Macao's tourism beyond gaming, this article examined opinions from experts connected to the emerging meeting, incentive, convention, and exhibition (MICE) sector. The research revealed that present human resources challenges were a notable obstacle to the further development of this industry and ultimately to the diversification of Macao's economy. Highlighting the challenges and integrating comments from industry experts, the article also provided implications and suggestions to move the MICE industry forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macao's meeting and convention industry has begun to develop in the past few years. The interest in developing this industry is due to the recognition of its significant contribution to the local economy and the belief that it could help to diversify the city's economy and reduce its reliance on the gambling industry. Macao's meeting and convention sector is still at an early stage of development, and research in this area is limited. This article examines the strengths and weaknesses of Macao as an attractive meeting and convention destination by interviewing 16 stakeholders in the industry. Macao's major strengths are identified as sufficient hotel, entertainment, and convention facilities; strong governmental support; a location connecting the European countries and the East; and the passion of local people working in the industry. The weaknesses include the lack of human resources, poor infrastructure and transportation, the lack of attractions, the lack of legal regulation or a government department to coordinate the sector, limited capacity of the border gates, and the absence of an industry base and a poor business climate. Recommendations are proposed to increase the attractiveness and competiveness of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses China's argument that North Koreans who illegally cross into China do not qualify for protection under the 1951 United Nations Conventions Relating to the Status of Refugees since they are economic immigrants. It points out that this argument is baseless since North Korea's economic hardship is tantamount to persecution and the refugees have a well-founded fear of persecution if they return to North Korea. It concludes that North Korean asylum seekers are refugees and China cannot avoid its obligations under the Convention.

When the world entered into the 21st century, Chinese government and related enterprises attached greater significance to the convention and exhibition industry as well as research and higher education in convention and exhibition. This article provides an overview on establishing the convention and exhibition discipline, an introduction of the recent research in convention and exhibition higher education, and a review of the status of convention and exhibition in China. It also introduced the strategic steps of establishing the China convention and exhibition discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]