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Introduction: China has experienced unprecedented transformations unseen in a century and is gradually progressing toward an emerging superpower. The epidemiological trends of digestive diseases in the United States (the US) have significant prescient effects on China., Methods: We extracted data on 18 digestive diseases from the Global Burden of Diseases 2019 Data Resource. Linear regression analysis conducted by the JoinPoint software assessed the average annual percentage change of the burden. We performed subgroup analyses based on sex and age group., Results: In 2019, there were 836.01 and 180.91 million new cases of digestive diseases in China and the US, causing 1558.01 and 339.54 thousand deaths. The age-standardized incidence rates of digestive diseases in China and the US were 58417.87/100,000 and 55018.65/100,000 respectively, resulting in age-standardized mortality rates of 81.52/100,000 and 60.88/100,000. The rates in China annually decreased by 2.149% for mortality and 2.611% for disability-adjusted life of year (DALY). The mortality and DALY rates of the US, respectively, had average annual percentage changes of -0.219 and -0.251. Enteric infections and cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases accounted for the highest incidence and prevalence in both counties, respectively. The burden of multiple digestive diseases exhibited notable sex disparities. The middle-old persons had higher age-standardized prevalence rates., Conclusion: China bore a greater burden of digestive diseases, and the evolving patterns were more noticeable. Targeted interventions and urgent measures should be taken in both countries to address the specific burden of digestive diseases based on their different epidemic degree., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Peng, Xu, Huang, Shi, Wang, Chen, Zhang, Shi, Peng, Yuan and Tang.)

Objectives: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with a higher risk of liver diseases. Substantial uncertainty remains, however, about the associations of HBV infection with mortality from extrahepatic causes, especially from subtypes of cardiovascular diseases. We prospectively examined the association of chronic HBV infection with total and cause-specific mortality., Design: Population-based prospective cohort study., Setting: China Kadoorie Biobank in which participants from 10 geographically diverse areas across China were enrolled between 2004 and 2008., Participants: 475 801 participants 30-79 years of age without reporting major chronic diseases at baseline were enrolled. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was tested using an on-site rapid test strip at baseline., Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Total and cause-specific mortality., Results: A total of 35 822 deaths were recorded during ~10 years of follow-up. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, compared with HBsAg-negative participants, HBsAg-positive participants had an increased risk of total mortality (HR=2.01, 95% CI: 1.91 to 2.12), which was higher in men (HR=2.16, 95% CI: 2.01 to 2.31) than in women (HR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.60 to 1.90). Presence of HBsAg was associated with increased mortality from liver cancer (1339 deaths, HR=13.95, 95% CI: 12.46 to 15.62), infections (410 deaths, HR=10.30, 95% CI: 8.21 to 12.94), digestive diseases (688 deaths, HR=6.83, 95% CI: 5.49 to 8.50), intracerebral haemorrhage (4077 deaths, HR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.68) and ischaemic heart diseases (4624 deaths, HR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.58). The positive association between HBsAg status and risk of death was stronger in participants younger than 50 years, smokers, physically active or non-hypertensive participants., Conclusions: Among Chinese adults, chronic HBV infection was associated with increased mortality from a range of hepatic and extrahepatic diseases., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

In a retrospective study, autopsy data of 6668 cases were collected from the first affiliated hospital, West China University of Medical Sciences, to assess the changes in autopsy rate between 1952 and 1987. The autopsy rate of dead patients was 14.3%, with two peaks obtained in the periods of 1954-1956 and 1964-1966 respectively. Anyhow, the autopsy rate declined sharply after 1967. The agreement of clinical diagnosis and pathological findings in this group was 68.9%. The most common diseases in this series were infectious and parasitic diseases' diseases of respiratory system, diseases of digestive system, neoplasms and diseases of cardio-vascular system. Accompanying the increase of age of the autopsied patients, neoplasia and cardio-vascular diseases were more frequently seen in this series.