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ML-1 line is the most important north-south railway trunk line in Pakistan and an important part of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. It was built earlier, and some small bridges and culverts cannot meet the normal flood discharge needs and need to be comprehensively upgraded. Since there are few available results in hydrologic computing in Pakistan, it is necessary to study and develop a small watershed hydrologic calculation method suitable for the region. Through mathematical statistical analysis of the annual maximum daily rainfall series data of three rainfall observation stations along the ML-1 line, the rainstorm parameters were obtained, and the storm peak discharge formula was used to calculate the design discharge of Bridges and culverts along the ML-1 line. In order to verify the reliability of the calculation results, the calculation formula of storm water runoff in railway department in China and the existing reasoning formula in Pakistan were used respectively. The calculation results were compared with the flow of typical watershed. The results show that the flow calculation results of the reasoning formula are reliable. Research results can provide references for the hydrological survey and design of other expansion projects in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is the most prevalent viral pathogen of soybean worldwide that reduces seed quality and causes serious losses in yields. The accurate, rapid and early detection of SMV strains is crucial for screening SMV-resistant soybean varieties and controlling soybean mosaic disease timely. In this study, we report a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for visual and rapid detection of SMV-SC7, the major prevalent SMV strain in China, in soybean leaves. Specific primers were rationally designed and tested to detect the SMV-SC7 strain. The detection limit for SMV-SC7 can be as low as 10−4 ng/μL by the developed LAMP assay. These results were visualized by three indicators (SYBR green I, neutral red and hydroxy naphthol blue) with high fidelity. The high analytical performance of the LAMP assay was demonstrated with 21 soybean cultivars, among which 8 soybean cultivars were further inoculated with consistent results to those achieved by LAMP. This visual and rapid LAMP assay is highly promising for early detection of SMV-SC7-associated plant diseases. [Display omitted] • Early detection of SMV strains is crucial for preventing severe yield losses. • SMV-SC7 is traditionally detected by phenotype observation. • A colorimetric LAMP assay was developed for the detection of SMV-SC7. • The LAMP assay can identify SMV-SC7 earlier than phenotype observation. • The LAMP assay has great potential for field-friendly diagnostic testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]