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As modern science and technology constantly progresses, the fields of artificial intelligence, mixed reality technology, remote technology, etc. have rapidly developed. Meanwhile, these technologies have been gradually applied to the medical field, leading to the development of intelligent medicine. What's more, intelligent medicine has greatly promoted the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), causing huge changes in the diagnosis of TCM ailments, remote treatment, teaching, etc. Therefore, there are both opportunities and challenges for inheriting and developing TCM. Herein, the related research progress of intelligent medicine in the TCM in China and abroad over the years is analyzed, with the purpose of introducing the present application status of intelligent medicine in TCM and providing reference for the inheritance and development of TCM in a new era., (© 2021. Huazhong University of Science and Technology.)

Purpose: Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with osteoporosis. Most of these SNPs are noncoding variants and could be mapped to enhancers. Transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in gene regulation via enhancers harboring these SNPs; thus, we aimed to identify common regulatory TFs binding to enhancers associated with osteoporosis., Methods: We first annotated all the osteoporosis-related SNPs identified by GWASs to enhancers and conducted TF enrichment analyses to identify common TFs binding to osteoporosis-associated enhancers. We further conducted genetic association analyses between the identified TFs and bone mineral density (BMD) in a Han Chinese population., Results: After functional annotation, a total of 5081 osteoporosis-related SNPs were mapped to enhancers. TF enrichment analyses identified 2 significant TFs after multiple testing adjustments, which are EZH2 (Padj = .028) and NRSF (Padj = .038). We also found 1 SNP, rs111851041, in EZH2 was significantly associated with BMD both at the hip and spine after multiple testing adjustments (hip BMD: P = 4.32 × 10-4; spine BMD: P = 2.72 × 10-3). The expression of EZH2 decreased significantly from 12 to 48 hours of osteogenic differentiation. And functional validation showed that EZH2 was associated with osteoporosis-related phenotypes in knockout mice., Conclusions: By conducting TF enrichment analyses, we identified EZH2 as a common TF binding to osteoporosis-associated enhancers, and EZH2 was also associated with BMD in a Chinese population. EZH2 is functionally related to bone phenotypes. The identified gene could provide new insight into osteoporosis pathophysiology and highlight opportunities for future clinical and pharmacological research on osteoporosis., (© Endocrine Society 2019. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Objective: To study whether hypoalbuminemia after pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for cardiac surgery is a risk factor for postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI)., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 1 110 children who underwent CPB surgery between 2012 and 2016. According to the minimum serum albumin within 48 hours postoperatively, these patients were divided into hypoalbuminemia group (≤35 g/L) and normal albumin group (>35 g/L). The two groups were compared in terms of perioperative data and the incidence of AKI. Furthermore, the incidence of AKI was compared again after propensity score matching for the unbalanced factors during the perioperative period. The perioperative risk factors for postoperative AKI were analyzed by logistic regression., Results: The overall incidence rate of postoperative AKI was 13.78% (153/1 110), and the mortality rate was 2.52% (28/1 110). The mortality rate of children with AKI was 13.1% (20/153). The patients with hypoalbuminemia after surgery (≤35 g/L) accounted for 44.50% (494/1 110). Before and after propensity score matching, the hypoalbuminemia group had a significantly higher incidence of AKI than the normal albumin group (P<0.05). The children with AKI had a significantly lower serum albumin level after surgery than those without AKI (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed albumin ≤35 g/L was one of the independent risk factors for postoperative AKI., Conclusions: Albumin ≤35 g/L within 48 hours postoperatively is an independent risk factor for postoperative AKI in children after CPB surgery.

Background: Many surgical methods of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair (TAAAR) have been introduced over the past several decades, with varying degrees of success. We developed an aorta-iliac bypass technique to treat thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) in young Chinese patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of this technique intraoperatively and postoperatively., Methods: From June 2014 to March 2015, 28 patients underwent TAAAR using aorta-iliac bypass technique. A four-branched tetrafurcate graft was used. Two branches of the graft are sutured to bilateral common iliac arteries in an end-to-side fashion. The trunk of the graft was sutured to the proximal descending aorta in an end-to-end fashion. Then aorta-iliac bypass was established, and the lower extremities, viscera organ and spinal cord (SC) obtained perfusion from proximal descending aorta via the bypass graft. The thoracic and abdominal aorta were clamped in a staged fashion. The patent segmental arteries (SAs), and visceral arteries (coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric arteries, and renal arteries) were reattached sequentially. Evoked potential (EP) monitoring was adopted to assess the SC ischaemia throughout the procedure. The postoperative outcomes and follow-up results of this technique were evaluated., Results: There was no in-hospital mortality. Complications included acute kidney dysfunction and pulmonary haemorrhage in one case (3.6%) each. The SAs were reattached in all cases. The EP wave disappeared after proximal descending aorta was clamped, and gradually recovered after the patent SAs reattached. The median follow-up after operation was eight months (range, 1-10 months). There was no delayed neurologic deficit or late death., Conclusions: Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair using aorta-iliac bypass may be a simple and safe choice for young Chinese patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms., (Copyright © 2015 Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons (ANZSCTS) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Two closely related thermophilic bacterial strains, designated YIM 71031(T) and YIM 71039, were isolated from a hot spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-western China. The novel isolates were observed to be Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and yellow-pigmented bacteria. The strains were found to be able to grow at 37-65 °C, pH 6.0-9.0 and with a NaCl tolerance up to 1.0 % (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed these two isolates in the genus Meiothermus. They were found to be closely related to Meiothermus timidus DSM 17022(T) (98.6 % similarity), and formed a cluster with this species. The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-8 and the major fatty acids (>10 %) as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains YIM 71031(T) and YIM 71039 were determined to be 64.0 and 65.4 mol%, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridizations showed low values between strains YIM 71031(T) and YIM 71039 and their closely related neighbour M. timidus DSM 17022(T). Morphological phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results suggest that strains YIM 71031(T) and YIM 71039 are representatives of a new species within the genus Meiothermus, for which the name Meiothermus roseus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 71031(T) (=KCTC 42495(T) =NBRC 110900(T)).

A Gram-staining negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain YIM 78110(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Hehua hot spring in Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. The taxonomic status of strain YIM 78110(T) was confirmed by a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain YIM 78110(T) belongs to the genus Cecembia, displaying 96.8% and 94.7% sequence similarity with the two most closely related type strains, Cecembia calidifontis RQ-33(T) and Cecembia lonarensis LW9T, respectively. The low value of DNA-DNA hybridization (52.3 ± 2.3%) between strain YIM 78110(T) and its closest neighbour, Cecembia calidifontis RQ-33(T), indicated that this new isolate represented a different genomic species in the genus Cecembia. The temperature for growth ranged from 30 to 50 °C. The pH for growth ranged from pH 4.0 to 10.0, with NaCl tolerance of 0.5-6.0% (w/v). The predominant menaquinone of strain YIM 78110(T) was MK-7 and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and C15:0. The DNA G+C content was 47.1 mol%. On the basis of physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic analyses, it is proposed that strain YIM 78110(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cecembia, for which the name Cecembia rubra sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 78110(T) ( = CCTCC AB2013287(T) = DSM 28057(T)).

A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and non-spore forming strain, designated CFH S0262(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Catba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomic position of this new isolate. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain CFH S0262(T) belongs to the genus Rhodococcus and clustered with Rhodococcus soli DSD51W(T), Rhodococcus hoagii NBRC 103062(T), Rhodococcus defluvii Call(T) and Rhodococcus kunmingensis YIM 45607(T) (98.7, 98.5, 97.9 and 97.6% similarities, respectively). Strain CFH S0262(T) could grow in the presence of NaCl (0-4%, optimum 0-3%), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at 10-40 °C (optimum, 28 °C). The predominant menaquinones of strain CFH S0262(T) were identified as MK-8 (H2) and MK-8 (H4). The major fatty acids (≥10%) were found to be C(16:0) and C(18:1)ω9c. The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, a glycolipid and two unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 71.4 mol%. Based on a comparative analysis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, in combination with low values of DNA-DNA hybridization between strain CFH S0262(T) and its closest neighbours, it is proposed that strain CFH S0262(T) represents a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus agglutinans sp. nov., is proposed, with the type strain CFH S0262(T) (=CCTCC AB2014297(T)=KCTC 39118(T)).

A Streptomyces-like actinomycete strain, designated as YIM 78087(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Hehua hot spring in Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. The taxonomic position of strain YIM 78087(T) was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 78087(T) belongs to the genus Streptomyces and is closely related to Streptomyces fimbriatus DSM 40942(T), Streptomyces marinus DSM 41968(T) and Streptomyces qinglanensis DSM 42035(T) (97.18, 97.05 and 97.1 % similarity, respectively). Combined with the low values of DNA-DNA hybridization between strain YIM 78087(T) and its closest neighbours, these analyses indicated that this new isolate represents a different genomic species in the genus Streptomyces. The predominant menaquinones of strain YIM 78087(T) were identified as MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6). The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0 (28.4 %), anteiso-C17:0 (23.0 %) and iso-C16:0 (15.1 %). The whole-cell hydrolysates found to contain glucose, mannose and ribose. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 73.0 mol%. Based on the comparative analysis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain YIM 78087(T) represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces calidiresistens sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is YIM 78087(T) (=BCRC 16955(T)=DSM 42108(T)=JCM 19629(T)).

An alkalitolerant, thermotolerant and Gram-stain negative bacterium, designated strain YIM 78007(T), was isolated from an alkaline geothermal soil sample from Hehua hot spring, Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. Cells of strain YIM 78007(T) were observed to be aerobic and short rod-shaped. The colonies were observed to be orange-red, convex and circular. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain YIM 78007(T) clustered with members of the genus Roseomonas (with similarities from 97.2 to 92.2 %). Optimal growth of strain YIM 78007 occurs at 40-50 °C and pH 8.0-10.0. The predominant ubiquinone was identified as Q-10 and the major fatty acids were identified as C18:1 ω7c and C16:0. The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified aminolipids and one unknown phospholipid. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 63 mol %. The levels of DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain YIM 78007(T) and its closet neighbours (Roseomonas lacus JCM 13283(T) and Roseomonas terrae JCM 14592(T)) were well below the threshold required for the proposal of a novel species. The results of physiological and biochemical characteristics, the phylogenetic analysis, as well as low DNA-DNA hybridization values, allowed the phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of strain YIM 78007(T) from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. Therefore, strain YIM 78007(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Roseomonas, for which the name Roseomonas alkaliterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 78007(T) (=BCRC 80644(T) = JCM 19656(T)).

An alkalitolerant, thermotolerant, strictly aerobic and Gram-staining negative bacterial strain, designated YIM 78140(T), was isolated from a water sample in Hehua hot spring, Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. The colonies were light brown, convex and circular. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain YIM 78140(T) indicated that it was clustered with members of β-Proteobacteria (with the similarity from 96.9 to 93.6 %). Good growth occurred at 40-50 °C, pH 8.0-9.0 and in the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl. The predominant ubiquinones were Q-8 and Q-9. The major fatty acids were C16:0, C17:0 cyclo, C18:1 ω7c and summed feature 3. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 70.8 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical characteristics, phylogenetic analysis allowed the phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of strain YIM 78140(T) from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. Therefore, the strain YIM 78140(T) represents a novel genus of the family Comamonadaceae, for which the name Zhizhongheella caldifontis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 78140(T) (= BCRC 80649(T) = KCTC 32557(T)).

Objective: To study the pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), especially the prevalence of atypical pathogens., Methods: A prospective study was performed on 103 consecutive adult patients with CAP between November 2001 and June 2002. Antibodies of the paired serum samples to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophilia, and Chlamydia pneumoniae were detected. The P1 adhesion gene of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and the 16S ribosome gene specific for Chlamydia pneumoniae were detected with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Legionella antigen in urine was detected using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method. Sputum samples were collected for culture, and bacteria were isolated and identified using conventional methods., Results: The etiology of CAP was identified in 50 (48.5%) patients. The distribution of causal agents was as follows: Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 23 (22.3%) cases, Legionella pneumophilia 3 (2.9%), Chlamydia pneumoniae 2 (1.9%), streptococcus pneumoniae 12 (11.7%), Haemophilus influenzae 9 (8.7%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae 7(6.8%). In 6 patients (5.8%) more than one causal agent were found, among them Mycoplasma pneumoniae was found in 5 cases with mixed infections., Conclusions: Atypical pathogens especially Mycoplasma pneumoniae have an important role in CAP. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae remain the most common bacteria, and mixed infection should not be ignored.