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[Display omitted] • Review reports on occurrence and analytical procedures of 3-MCPD in three matrices. • Based on the literature search in PubMed and Scopus, 68 studies were included. • Higher levels of 3-MCPD were found in soy sauce and edible oil. • Solid phase extraction was the most common approaches considered for extraction. • GC–MS being the most common approaches considered for quantitation. 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is a food contaminant that has gathered special attention from food safety specialists and regulators. This article reviews reports on the occurrence of 3-MCPD (free form and/or esterified) in infant formula, soy sauce, and edible oils and discusses analytical procedures applied for its detection. Based on a literature search done in the databases PubMed and Scopus, 68 studies were included in the present systematic review. The highest concentration of 3-MCPD (free form and/or esterified) was found in soy sauce from China at 189 mg/kg of the product. Edible oil and soy sauce samples were found, in general, to contain relatively higher concentrations of 3-MCPD (free form and/or esterified) compared to infant formula. In the reviewed articles, a variety of analytical methodologies were employed, both for sample preparation/wet chemistry and for quantitative detection, with solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) being the most common approaches, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now, there is a lack of information regarding the occurrence and the content of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) contamination in edible vegetable oils and oilseeds used for oil production in China. In this study, a method for determination of five PAEs was developed based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Method recoveries for oils and oilseeds were 72.4–103.0% and 77.2–98.8%, respectively. RSDs of five analytes in oils and oilseeds were ranging from 1.22 to 8.64% and 0.62–9.37%, respectively. The LODs and LOQs were ranging from 0.10 to 0.79 and 0.33–2.60 μg/kg, respectively. Based on the established method, PAE concentrations in thirty-four edible oils and twenty-eight oilseeds were evaluated. Five and thirteen oil samples exceeded the upper limits 1.5 and 0.3 mg/kg set for di(2-ethtlhexyl) phthalate and dibutyl phthalate in China, respectively. The results obtained indicated that more concern and comprehensive legislation are still needed and mulriple issues should be considered when it comes to the PAEs contamination in edible vegetable oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurrence in eighty-five samples of edible vegetable oils from China was described for the first time. Analytes were determined based on a simplified solvent extraction and liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry method. PAHs were detected in all of the oil samples and the concentrations of BaP, PAH4 and PAH16 were 0.12–6.28, 1.48–27.84 and 9.25–154.27 μg/kg, respectively. Levels of BaP were all conformed to the upper limit 10 μg/kg set by China. However, each had 13% of oil samples (11 samples) exceeded the maximum limit 2 and 10 μg/kg set for BaP and PAH4 by EU. The light PAHs were primary in oil samples, and the contribution of the heavy PAHs was much less significant. A high variability of PAH levels between different oil types was observed, and peanut oils and sesame oils were two types of oils that were highly contaminated. The relationship between BaP and PAH4, BaP and PAH16 and PAH4 and PAH16 suggested that PAH4 was more suitable than BaP acted as a surrogate for the contamination level of PAHs in edible oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Eight heavy metals, namely Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd, Ni, Pb and As, in nine varieties of edible vegetable oils collected from China were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) after microwave digestion. The accuracy of procedure was confirmed by certified reference materials (GBW10018 and GBW08551). The relative standard deviations were found below 10%. The concentrations for copper, zinc, iron, manganese, nickel, lead and arsenic were observed in the range of 0.214–0.875, 0.742–2.56, 16.2–45.3, 0.113–0.556, 0.026–0.075, 0.009–0.018 and 0.009–0.019μgg−1, respectively. Cadmium was found to be 2.64–8.43μg/kg. In general, iron content was higher than other metals in the investigated edible vegetable oils. Comparing with safety intake levels for these heavy metals recommended by Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (IOM), US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), the dietary intakes of the eight heavy metals from weekly consumption of 175g of edible vegetable oils or daily consumption 25g of edible vegetable oils for a 70kg individual should pose no risk to human health. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: China''s health profile has shifted to one dominated by obesity and nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases (NR-NCDs) necessitating an examination of how economic policies can improve this situation. Edible oil consumption is responsible for much of the increase in energy density of the Chinese diet and particularly linked with the shifting burden of NR-NCDs toward the poor. Longitudinal analysis among adults in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) covering the period 1991–2000 revealed that price policy effects on edible oil can influence dietary composition (particularly of the poor) and the results identify a key preventive policy need. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

There is a lack of information regarding the occurrence and content of contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in edible vegetable oils and oilseeds used for oil production in China. By combining the advantages of ultrasound-assisted extraction, low temperature separation and silica SPE purification, a method for the determination of the USEPA, 16 PAHs was developed based on GC-MS to fill this gap. The method recoveries for oils and oilseeds were 84.4-113.8% and 84.3-115.3%, respectively. The LODs and LOQs for 16 PAHs were ranged from 0.06-0.17 and 0.19-0.56 μg kg(-1), respectively. Based on the established method, PAH concentrations in 21 edible oils and 17 oilseeds were determined. Almost all the PAHs were found in all the samples tested, especially the light PAHs (LPAHs). Three oil samples exceeded the maximum level of 10 μg kg(-1) for BaP set by China. However, five and six oil samples, respectively, exceeded the maximum limits of 2 and 10 μg kg(-1) set for BaP and PAH4 by the European Union. The concentrations of PAH16 in oilseed samples were 1.5 times higher than corresponding oil samples. The relationships between PAH4 and PAH8, PAH4 and PAH16 as well as PAH8 and PAH16 indicates that PAH4 is a sufficient surrogate for the contamination level of PAHs in edible oils when compared with PAH8.