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Evaluating the rural population hollowing (RPH) caused by the massive out-migration of rural laborers is essential for China's rural land use policy formulation and rural revitalization. Existing studies mainly assessed the RPH based on survey data or statistical data. The former is mainly based on selected local villages and towns, and cannot be replicated on a large scale, while the latter is usually at the county or city scale and cannot reveal the cyclical migration of rural labors at fine spatial resolutions such as townships. To fill this gap, this paper proposed a social media data based-rural population hollowing (SM-RPH) index, which was calculated by Tencent User Density big data on holidays and non-holidays and was used to characterize the "migratory bird" process of rural laborers. Taking Guangdong Province, China as the case, this study employed the proposed novel index to evaluate the RPH at the county and township scales. This was integrated with a GWR model to explore how the important contributing factors of RPH vary across the province. The results showed a trend of transition from the cold spot areas in the core regions of PRD to the hot spot areas around the PRD. Additionally, this study revealed that distance to the nearest prefecture-level city, total nighttime lighting per capita, fiscal expenditure per unit of GDP and road network density were dominant factors in affecting rural population hollowing, and the influence of these four variables vary considerably throughout the province. Further, k-means cluster was used to group the hollowing towns according to the local coefficients of the influencing factors, and policy zoning was suggested to provide differentiated countermeasures and suggestions for rural revitalization. This methodological framework can be easily applied to other regions, and is expected to be used to evaluate the return characteristics of migrant workers in real time to help monitor the progress of rural revitalization in China and provide decision support for policy makers. • This study proposed a social media data-based index for assess rural population hollowing (RPH). • The index is effective in evaluating the RPH at fine spatial resolutions such as townships. • We revealed the spatially non-stationary relationship between RPH and the associated factors. • We further put forwards the policy zoning and planning implications for rural revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The clinicopathological features and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection status of lymphoma in children and adolescents in South China is under-researched. South China is a well-known high-incidence area of EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: A cohort of 662 consecutive children and adolescents’ lymphomas was retrospectively analyzed and Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNAs (EBERs) in situ hybridization was performed to detect the EBV infection. Results: The majority (501/662, 75.7%) of lymphomas in children and adolescents was Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). One hundred sixty one cases (24.3%) were Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Of the NHL, precursor cell lymphoma, mature B-cell lymphoma and peripheral T/NK-cell lymphoma accounted for 32.0%, 41.1% and 26.9% respectively. The five common subtypes were lymphoblastic lymphoma (32.0%), Burkitt lymphoma (BL) (21.0%), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) (14.2%), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (13.8%) and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL) (6.2%). EBV infection was detected in 58.9% classical Hodgkin lymphomas (CHLs), 21.4% mature B-cell lymphomas and 52.4% peripheral T/NK-cell lymphomas. Moreover, EBV was associated with high grade NHL including ENKTCL (100.0%), BL (30.5%) and DLBCL (17.6%). Conclusion: The high proportion of peripheral T/NK-cell lymphomas in children and adolescents in South China are presented in this study and compared to western countries due to the high percentage of ENKTCL. ENKTCL is firmly associated with EBV infection, while more than half of HL, a portion of BL and DLBCL are related to EBV infection. This study conclusively demonstrates that EBV infection is more prevalent in children and adolescents with lymphomas in South China compared to western countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]