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Although previous studies have demonstrated that appearance plays an important role in the avoidance of social contact among adolescent girls, the reasons for this remain unclear. The purpose of the study was to investigate this issue from the perspective of objectification theory. We investigated self-objectification, appearance comparison, self-esteem, and social avoidance among 262 Chinese middle adolescent girls (Mage = 15.97 years, ranging from 14 to 17) living in Guangdong province, China. The results showed a positive correlation between self-objectification and social avoidance, which was further mediated by appearance comparison and self-esteem. Moreover, girls with high levels of self-objectification were more likely to compare their appearance to others, which in turn, was linked to lower self-esteem, and subsequently correlated with greater social avoidance. These findings suggest that self-objectification may adversely influence adolescent girls' interpersonal well-being. Based on our results, interventions addressing social avoidance among adolescent girls may include reducing self-objectification, decreasing appearance comparison, and improving self-esteem. The findings of the present study provide a better understanding of the negative consequences of self-objectification by incorporating social avoidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although an increasing number of studies are focusing on the relationship between different kinds of objectification and relationship satisfaction, studies have rarely examined these relationships within non-Western samples. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between men's partner objectification (PO), women's perceived partner-objectification (PPO), and women's self-objectification, as well as their link to women's romantic relationship satisfaction through women's sexual pressure among Chinese heterosexual college couples (n = 201 pairs). This study found that women's PPO mediated the relationship between men's PO and women's self-objectification, and there were two paths from men's PO to women's relationship satisfaction. First, men's PO was related to lower women's relationship satisfaction through increased women's PPO. Second, men's PO was associated with greater women's PPO, which was associated with greater sexual pressure on women and subsequently correlated with women's lower relationship satisfaction. However, self-objectification was neither significantly directly related to sexual pressure nor relationship satisfaction. These findings indicated that the relationships between the three types of objectification (men's PO, women's PPO, and women's self-objectification) and sexual pressure and relationship satisfaction are different, which contributes to the understanding of the destructive effect of different objectification on relationship satisfaction in Chinese samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of antiviral drugs in reducing the risk of developing severe illness in patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 403 adult patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia who were admitted to Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, China. The antiviral drugs arbidol, interferon alpha-1b, lopinavir–ritonavir and ribavirin were distributed to the patients for treatment. The primary endpoint of this study was the time to develop severe illness. Results: Of the 462 patients admitted, 403 had moderate COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission and were included in this study. 90 of the 403 (22.3%) patients progressed to severe illness. The use of arbidol was associated with a lower severity rate 3.5% compared to control group 30.5%, p-value < 0.0001; the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.28 (95% CI: 0.084–0.90, p = 0.033). The use of interferon alpha-1b was associated with a lower severity rate 15.5% compared to control group 29.3%, with p-value < 0.0001; the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.30 (95% CI: 0.15–0.58, p = 0.0005). The use of lopinavir–itonavir and ribavirin did not show significant differences in adjusted regression models. Early use of arbidol within 7 days of symptom onset was significantly associated with a reduced recovery time of − 5.2 days (IQR − 3.0 to − 7.5, p = 4e−06) compared with the control group. Conclusion: Treatment with arbidol and interferon alpha-1b contributes to reducing the severity of illness in patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia. Early use of arbidol may reduce patients' recovery time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honeysuckle has been used in the treatment of influenza virus infection for thousands of years in China. However, its main active components and the functional mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, four honeysuckle extracts, including acids extract, flavonoids extract, total extract and acids-flavonoids mixture, were prepared to clarify the main active antiviral components. The cytopathic effect reduction assay showed that all the four extracts inhibited the replication of influenza viruses H1N1, H3N2 and the oseltamivir-resistant mutant strain H1N1-H275Y. The acids-flavonoids mixture had the strongest inhibitory effects in vitro with EC 50 values of 3.8, 4.1, and > 20 μg/mL against H1N1, H3N2 and H1N1-H275Y, respectively, showing competitive antiviral activity with oseltamivir and ribavirin. Honeysuckle acids extract also showed the most significant antiviral activity in vivo. Oral administration of the acids extract at a dosage of 600 mg/kg/d effectively alleviated viral pneumonia, maintained body weight and improved the survival rate to 30% of the mice infected with a lethal dose of H1N1. The results of time-of-drug addition experiment and neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assay showed that honeysuckle extracts had a broad-spectrum inhibitory effect against influenza virus NAs. The flavonoid extract showed the strongest inhibitory effect on the NA of influenza virus H7N9 with an IC 50 of 24.7 μg/mL. These results suggested that these extracts might exert their antiviral activity by suppressing the release of influenza viruses. Briefly, our findings demonstrate that acids and flavonoids extracts of honeysuckle are the major antiviral active components, and the acids extract has the potential to be developed into an antiviral agent against influenza virus, especially for oseltamivir-resistant viruses.