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Introduction: The aim of this study is to assess the individual and joint associations of variability in multiple cardiometabolic parameters with mortality risk across older populations., Methods: A total of 51,551 Chinese elderly participants (aged ≥60 years) with ≥3 measurements of systolic blood pressure, visceral adiposity index, fasting blood glucose, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol during 2018-2022 were included. Variability metrics included SD, coefficient of variation, average real variability, and variability independent of the mean (used in primary analysis). Participants were classified on the basis of the number of high-variability (highest quartile of variability) parameters into 4 categories: with 0, 1, 2, and 3-4 high-variability cardiometabolic parameters. Cox regression analyses were performed in 2024. Findings were then externally validated using the Health and Retirement Study (Waves 8-15)., Results: Higher systolic blood pressure, visceral adiposity index, fasting plasma glucose, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol variability were associated with greater all-, cardiovascular-, and other-cause mortality risk. Compared with those of subjects with no high-variability parameters measured as the variability independent of the mean, the hazard ratios (95% CI) of all-cause mortality were 1.30 (1.16, 1.44) for 1 parameter, 1.86 (1.66, 2.09) for 2 parameters, and 2.02 (1.75, 2.32) for 3-4 parameters. Consistent results were noted for cardiovascular-, cancer-, and other-cause mortality using other variability indices and in various sensitivity and subgroup analyses. These associations were validated in the Health and Retirement Study (n=1,991)., Conclusions: Increased variability in cardiometabolic parameters is associated with elevated risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among older adults in China. Reducing variability of these parameters could serve as a target to increase life expectancy in older populations., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To compare the dietary protein intakes and bioavailability of young male adults of Yi and Tibetan., Methods: Two groups of subjects aged from 18 to 22y were respectively recruited from schools of Liangshan Yi autonomous region and Tibetan-Qiang autonomous region. Samples of diet, fecal and urine in the nitrogen balance study for each group of subjects were collected, and the nitrogen content was analyzed by semi-micro-Kjeldahl., Results: Total protein intake, apparent absorption, true absorption, biological value, net protein utilization and nitrogen balance for the young man of Yi people were 71.55g/d, 73.19%, 79.79%, 47.58%, 38.17% and 0.71g/d. The corresponding figures for young Tibetan man were 94.33g/d, 86.69%, 91.43%, 48.07%, 44.00% and 3.16g/d., Conclusion: The dietary protein intake and bioavailability of young Tibetan man were better than those of Yi, but both Yi and Tibetan young men were able to keep positive N balance with their respective dietary pattern.

To understand some of the factors involved in weaning and growth faltering in rural China, a cross-sectional positive deviance study was undertaken among 389 rural 4-12-month-old infants from two townships of a county in Sichuan. The infants' mothers were interviewed about their child-feeding practices and other sociodemographic information, and anthropometric measurements were made on their infants. Positive deviant infants (those growing adequately in environments in which the majority of the children suffer from growth retardation and malnutrition) were identified from the Chinese WAZ-scores calculated from the anthropometric measurements. Feeding practices found to be associated with the better growth of the positive deviant infants included breastfeeding through age 12 months, feeding soybean milk, liver and pork blood products on a more than weekly basis during the ages of 7-9 months, not feeding rice flour (mifen) before age 7 months, and not giving supplements or tonics. Mothers' nutrition knowledge was also associated with positive deviance status. The relevance of the findings is discussed with respect to designing nutrition education interventions for rural Sichuan.