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The implicit assumption of homogeneity in traditional economics fails to adequately explain the complex and contradictory behavior exhibited by different local governments in China during the land supply process. The issue of land supply is characterized by practical chaos and has fallen into a theoretical research dilemma. Starting from two dimensions of heterogeneity—preferences and income—this study establishes an evolutionary game model of the limited rationality of local governments. It explores the behavioral evolution process of local governments in the context of industrial competition for land supply and its convergence trends. The research findings indicate that the land supply behavior of local governments is primarily determined by the degree of heterogeneity in preferences and income, as well as the level of compensation for losses to cooperative partners and the severity of penalties for non-cooperative behavior. If local governments' preferences converge towards a certain threshold or if their income continually increases, they are more inclined towards cooperative behavior; otherwise, they tend to act non-cooperatively. If local governments' revenues are heavily reliant on industrial transfers, they are more likely to engage in non-cooperative land supply behavior. This research offers theoretical insights and policy recommendations to enhance the optimal allocation of land resources in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Limited studies have evaluated the burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in China. We aimed to estimate the incidence of IBD including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) in urban China., Methods: The national urban incidence in 2016 was calculated based on urban basic medical insurance from 2012 to 2016 in China by using a 4-year washout period. The incidence in Yinzhou District estimated from the Yinzhou electronic health care record database was used to test the accuracy of the results from insurance data., Results: A total of 95,555 patients with IBD were identified. The incidence in 2016 was 10.04 (95% confidence interval, 6.95-13.71) per 100,000 person-years. The incidence rates of both UC and CD were higher among males than among females. There was a sharp increase in UC incidence before the age of 30 years and stabilization in later years (50-79 years old), whereas CD incidence peaked at 30 to 34 years old and experienced decline subsequently. The incidence of UC was much greater than that of CD, with a UC-to-CD incidence ratio of 12.61. The results from the Yinzhou database confirmed these results., Conclusions: This study is the first to draw a portrait of the distribution of IBD in urban China. The difference in IBD incidence between urban China and other countries suggests an association between the IBD burden and industrialization process. The accelerating urbanization and industrialization process in China, a country with a population of 1.4 billion people, will likely increase the burden of IBD., (Copyright © 2023 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Intracranial aneurysms (IA) comprise a multifactorial disease with unclear physiological mechanisms. The lysyl oxidase ( LOX ) family genes ( LOX , LOX-like 1-4 ) plays important roles in extracellular matrix (ECM) reconstruction and has been investigated in terms of susceptibility to IA in a few populations. We aimed to determine whether polymorphisms in LOX family genes are associated with susceptibility to IA in a Chinese population., Methods: This case-control study included 384 patients with IA and 384 healthy individuals without IA (controls). We genotyped 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of LOX family genes using the Sequenom MassARRAY ® platform. These SNPs were adjusted for known risk factors and then, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were evaluated using binary logistic regression analysis., Results: The result showed that LOX rs10519694 was associated with the risk of IA in recessive (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.12-13.47) and additive (OR, 1.56; 95%CI, 1.05-2.34) models. Stratified analyses illustrated that LOX rs10519694 was associated with the risk of single IA in the recessive (OR, 3.95; 95%CI, 1.04-15.11) and additive (OR, 1.64; 95%CI, 1.04-2.56) models. The LOXL2 rs1010156 polymorphism was associated with multiple IA in the dominant model (OR, 1.92; 95%CI, 1.02-3.62). No associations were observed between SNPs of LOXL1 , LOXL3 , and LOXL4 and risk of IA., Conclusion: LOX and LOXL2 polymorphisms were associated with risk of single IA and multiple IA in a Chinese population, suggesting potential roles of these genes in IA. The effects of these genes on IA require further investigation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Luo, Hu, Li, Liu, Hu, Dong, Liao, Zhou, Xu, Liu, Li, Yuan, Jiang and Yan.)

Background: Diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is one of the most important crucifer pests. Commercial sex attractants have been developed to monitor and control P. xylostella. However, some studies have demonstrated a variety of pheromone responses of P. xylostella in different locations of the world. Soluble pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs), as a subfamily of odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), could selectively bind and transport pheromones across aqueous sensillar lymph to the surface of olfactory receptor neurons. It is worthy to study whether the mutation of PxylPBPs is one of the reasons for the different responses of sex attractors in different regions., Results: In this study, P. xylostella males were collected from seven Chinese provinces, including Hainan, Guangdong, Yunnan, Fujian, Hunan, Zhejiang, and Hebei. PxylPBP1, PxylPBP2, and PxylPBP3 were cloned, and 3, 6, and 32 types of mutation pattern were identified, respectively. These mutation patterns were distributed in each province with different frequency. The results of fluorescence displacement binding assay and in silico simulation revealed that the three mutant PxylPBP3 were more sensitive to Z11-16:Ald than the reference protein (ACI28451)., Conclusion: This result implied that mutation of PxylPBP3 may have contributed to regional differences in pheromone responses of P. xylostella. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.)