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• The basic characteristics of 152 agro-waste samples were analyzed and compared. • The distinguishing characteristic indicators were extracted by PCA. • For manures, organic nutrients mainly contribute to the first principal component. • For crops, lignocellulose mainly contributes to the first principal component. The different physicochemical properties of various agro-waste biomasses require a diversity of bioenergy utilization patterns. This study investigated the characteristics of a total of 74 manures and 78 crop straw samples from East China to identify the primary characteristic indicators that are essential to distinguish specific agro-wastes from others. Principal component analysis was applied, to discover critical features of biomass for the decision-making regarding the bioenergy production mode. The results identified the following four principal components of manures: "organic nutrients", "metals", "bioavailability of nutrients", and "toxic potential". For crop straws these were "lignocellulose/plant strength elements", "organics/inorganic metals for chlorophyll", "C/N", and "Na/Zn/fixed C". Considering the practical application significance of anaerobic digestion (AD) in the ecological civilization construction in rural China, the theoretical bio-methane potential was calculated based on the average values of different agro-biomasses from different areas. The results were 335.5–620.4 STP mL/g VS for manures and 434.0–540.3 STP mL/g VS for crop straws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research surveyed the concentrations of five organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in vegetables with the purpose of assessing the potential integrated health risks of residents. From 2018 to 2020, 870 samples of eight kinds of vegetables from Zhejiang Province were collected. Gas chromatography coupled with a flame photometric detector (GC-FPD) analyzed the five OPs. OPs were most frequently detected in celery (18.9% of samples), cowpeas (18.3% of samples), and leeks (16.9% of samples) compared to other vegetables. Among the 11 cities in Zhejiang, the cities with high detection rates of OPs were Ningbo and Hangzhou. The integrated concentrations of OPs in different cities ranged from 71.9 to 376 μg/kg. The cumulative risk assessment revealed that the estimated daily intake (EDI) of leek in Wenzhou was the highest, which was 0.0077 (mg/kg bw) and 0.0059 (mg/kg bw) in adults and children respectively. The health risks of residents who consume these vegetables were within a safe range. The data provided demonstrate the distribution and potential health hazards of OPs in commonly consumed vegetables., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Dietary exposure is the primary route of human exposure to neonicotinoids (neonics), and vegetables are essential foods in people's daily diet. However, the residues and potential health risks of neonics in vegetables from different sources have not been well examined. In this study, we collected 1588 samples of vegetables from organic vegetable bases, farmer's markets, and supermarkets in Zhejiang, China. Three frequently used neonics, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam, were selected and analyzed. We investigated the residue, temporal and spatial distribution, and potential health risks. Cowpea was detected with the highest mean imidacloprid-equivalent total neonics (IMI RPF ) by value of 655 μg/kg. Vegetable samples from farmer's markets were detected with the highest mean IMI RPF by value of 168 μg/kg, followed by supermarkets (134 μg/kg) and the lowest in organic vegetable bases (76.9 μg/kg). The outcomes of integrated risk assessment for dietary intake of those three neonics in vegetables were all within the safety., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)