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The Huashandong W deposit (7.7 Mt @ 0.26% WO3) is a newly discovered Neoproterozoic scheelite-dominated deposit in the world-class Jiangnan tungsten belt, South China. It occurs largely in metasedimentary rocks near the western margin of the Neoproterozoic Jiuling batholith and mainly consists of W-bearing exogreisen, hydrothermal breccias, and quartz veins. Two episodes of Neoproterozoic granite magmatism are identified with zircon U-Pb ages of ca. 830–823 and 807–804 Ma, respectively. According to cross-cutting relationships and mineral assemblages, two periods of hydrothermal alteration and W mineralization, corresponding to the two episodes of granite magmatism, are recognized in the Huashandong deposit. The early period is dominated by greisenization and associated scheelite mineralization whereas the late period is characterized by sericitization, hydrothermal brecciation, quartz veining, and associated scheelite and minor wolframite mineralization. Molybdenite Re-Os dating indicates that the early- and late-period W mineralization took place at ca. 828 and 800 Ma, respectively. Zircon trace element characteristics suggest that the Jiuling granite crystallized from reduced granitic magmas and has the potential for W mineralization. The petrologic and geochemical features of the Jiuling granite, coupled with the zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic signatures and molybdenite Re-Os ages, imply that the Huashandong W deposit is genetically related to two phases of evolved granodiorites in the Jiuling batholith. The magmatic-hydrothermal nature of both metallogenic events is confirmed by H-O isotopes on hydrothermal quartz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female college students are more likely to have a strong stress response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which seriously affects their health and merits greater attention. The present study is a randomized controlled trial carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to explore whether a yoga intervention could have a positive impact on balance and flexibility and be the primary form of home exercise for female college students in China. Forty female college students were randomly selected for the study. After 16 weeks of yoga intervention, the ability of the yoga group to balance on one leg improved by 5.35 seconds (using the single-limb stance test) and 5.7 seconds (using the Romberg test). The flexibility of the lower back and legs increased by 3.5 cm (using the sit and reach test), and the flexibility of the groin and hip increased by 6 cm (using the Splits test). The balance ability and flexibility of the control group before and after the experiment were not significantly different (p>0.05). These results suggest that during the COVID-19 outbreak when access to public facilities was limited, a yoga intervention could have a positive impact on health and be the main form of home exercise for female college students. Schools and government departments could design online yoga classes to encourage individuals to actively participate in yoga to stay healthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most existing studies on shrinking cities focus on identifying and characterizing population contraction at the city scale and lack an in-depth exploration of the mechanisms of population contraction and daily life scenarios at the street scale. To fill this gap, this study employed semi-structured interviews and participant observation to analyze the street vitality and mechanisms of operation of Dongda Street in Rugao County of Jiangsu Province in China. The study found the following. First, the interspersed urban renewal has allowed residents to retain their original lifestyles and time-space routines, and they continue to enact an endogenous street ballet. Second, new residents gradually develop new lifestyles and time-space routines in the streets, showcasing an exogenous street ballet. Third, both groups jointly perform hybrid street ballets in their daily lives through close public interactions. These findings suggest that while Dongda Street is an aging neighborhood, the survival of the original street pattern and old buildings has allowed the neighborhood to retain its historical flavor. Additionally, the moving in of creative industries and merchants injects new vitality into the neighborhood. These findings examine daily street life in the context of population contraction and help break the stereotypes of population contraction. • The interspersed urban renewal has allowed local residents to retain their original endogenous street ballet. • New residents gradually develop time-space routines in the streets, showcasing an exogenous street ballet. • Both groups jointly perform hybrid street ballets in their daily lives through close public interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is taken up by plant roots and translocated via phosphate transporters. Previously, we showed that phosphate transporter OsPHT1;4 in the PHT1 family participates in phosphate acquisition and mobilization; it facilitates the embryo development of Japonica rice Nipponbare. This study investigated the potential of manipulating the expression of OsPHT1;4 to increase Pi acquisition efficiency and crop productivity in rice cv. Wuyunjing 7 (WYJ 7), a cultivar widely grown in Yangtze River Delta of China. The OsPHT1;4 overexpression lines and wild-type WYJ 7 were treated under different Pi conditions in hydroponic and field experiments. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis and the transgenic plants expressing GUS reporter gene indicate strong expression of OsPHT1;4 in roots and leaf collars of cv. WYJ 7. The total P contents in shoots of the OsPHT1;4-overexpressing plants were significantly higher under Pi-deficient hydroponic conditions than the wild type under Pi sufficiency and deficiency. 33Pi uptake and translocation assays confirmed the results. In the field condition, OsPHT1;4 overexpression lines had a higher P concentration in tissues than the wild type control, and the panicle performance of the overexpression lines including the grain yield was improved as well. Taken together, our results show that OsPHT1;4 plays an important role in the acquisition and mobilization of Pi in WYJ 7, especially under Pi deficiency. The study highlights the importance of OsPHT1;4 in improving the agronomic traits of the widely grown rice cultivar in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor developed in China, chidamide has been applied for the treatment of refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and multiple solid tumors, including lung cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well elucidated. In our present study, we found that chidamide and radiation acted synergistically to suppress cell and xenograft growth of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells by inducing cell apoptosis. Moreover, chidamide alone or a combination of chidamide and radiation treatment inhibited cancer cell stemness. miRNA microarray analysis demonstrated that miR-375 was the highest upregulated microRNA (miRNA) in NCI-2170 and NCI-H226 cells treated with chidamide alone or treated with chidamide plus radiation, compared with normal control. Inhibition of miR-375 attenuated the promoting effect of chidamide alone and chidamide plus radiation-induced NCI-2170 and NCI-H226 cell apoptosis and reverted the suppression of cancer stemness caused by chidamide alone or chidamide plus radiation treatment. Moreover, EIF4G3, a scaffold protein in the translation initiation complex, was found to be a direct target of miR-375 based on the luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis. Interestingly, both chidamide alone and chidamide plus radiation treatments suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of EIF4G3. Silence of EIF4G3 also induced cell apoptosis and suppressed tumor growth in NCI-2170 and NCI-H226 cells. These data suggest that chidamide shows a synergistic effect with radiation therapy on lung squamous cell carcinomas by modulating the miR-375-EIF4G3 axis, which may afford an effective strategy to overcome the drug resistance of chidamide in clinical cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article evaluates the residential mobility decisions of rural migrants with a history of living in urban villages in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu province. Many were displaced by its demolition–redevelopment policy (forced movers); some chose to move voluntarily to improve their housing utility (voluntary movers); others decided to stay put in substandard housing (voluntary non-movers). A survey of their current housing conditions revealed that, compared to voluntary non-movers, most forced movers had not become better-off. But the voluntary movers had done much better than both of the other groups, implying that a timely move could have led to their improved housing conditions. However, even voluntary moves proved to have a downside, namely, that voluntary migrants would likely end up living somewhere more remote from coveted facilities and locations of jobs in the inner city. Logistic regression analysis showed how differences in socio-demographic characteristics between voluntary movers and non-movers could explain why some decided to move. For those who decided to stay, the analysis also indicates how the advantages of the current location may compensate for housing deficiencies. These results correspond to the motives migrants expressed in supplementary in-depth interviews: migrants intending to become permanent residents were most likely to move for better housing. The findings also point to structural constraints on residential mobility. For poor migrants without a Jiangsu hukou, moving to better housing was simply not an option. This suggests that further hukou reform is needed if urban redevelopment is not only meant to improve the image of the city but also the migrants' housing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nasopharyngeal swab is most suitable for respiratory virus surveillance. • Flu prevalence was high in 2009 and afterwards remained at a low level. • RSV epidemic was notably high in 2014 and became the most predominant virus in 2014–2018. • A high prevalence of HCoV, RSV and HBoV may be related to new strains introduction. Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) remain a significant public threat with high morbidity and mortality worldwide; viruses are significant pathogens that cause ARIs. This study was conducted to better understand the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses circulating in southern China. We collected 22,680 respiratory samples from ARI patients in 18 hospitals in southern China during 2009–2018; seven common respiratory viruses including Flu, RSV, PIV, hMPV, ADV, HCoV, and HBoV were screened using in-house real-time PCR. Of all samples, 9760 ARI cases (9760/22680, 43.03%) tested positive for the seven common respiratory viruses. The most detected virus was Flu (14.15%), followed by RSV (10.33%) and PIV (5.43%); Flu-A, PIV3, and HCoV-OC43 were the predominant subtypes. Although most of the viruses were detected in male inpatients, Flu was more likely detected in female outpatients. Flu infection was more likely to cause URTI (upper respiratory tract infection), whereas RSV infection was more likely to cause pneumonia and bronchitis. The prevalence of Flu was particularly high in 2009. The epidemic level was found notably high in 2014–2018 for RSV, in 2016–2018 for PIV, in the summer of 2018 for ADV, in the summer of 2016 and winter of 2018 for HCoV, and in the summer of 2011 and autumn of 2018 for HBoV. The co-detection rate of the seven viruses was 4.70%; RSV, PIV, and Flu were the most commonly co-detected viruses. This work demonstrates the epidemiological characteristics of seven common respiratory viruses in ARI patients in southern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The predominant trend has been rapid and unprecedented migration from rural to urban China since the mid-1980s. This dramatic demographic change has profoundly reshaped the migrants' sense of the newly settled place. By examining the perceptual changes that have occurred in this usual context, we attempted to analyze the impact of social connection on the migrants' sense of belonging to the host cities. In order to accomplish this, we conducted an empirical study featuring 12,807 rural-to-urban migrants across eight Chinese cities. We found that their contact with residents who were not related to them was positively linked to the development of a sense of belonging in the host cities, whereas contact with only nonresidents had the opposite effect. In addition, we also observed that one's sense of belonging is mostly fostered by one's direct interaction with a place, but it could be also be indirectly mediated via social contacts. Furthermore, the context of place will affect one's affinity for it. Also, the availability of public services generates positive feelings regarding the new place, whereas large population size has the opposite effect. This study deepened our understanding about migrants' subjective sense place and revealed the inherent complexity in this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• For respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), an annual distribution pattern of 2-year RSV-A dominance followed by a 1-year RSV-B dominance was found in Guangzhou. • In 2011–2016 in south China, prevalent RSV-A genotypes were NA1 and ON1 and the prevalent RSV-B genotype was BA9. • The prevalent RSV-A genotype changed from Chongqing NA1 in 2011 to Hong Kong ON1 in 2014. • The highest RSV epidemic peak occurred in 2015, indicating a possible biennial peak. • The ongoing evolution of RSV-A ON1 and NA1 genotypes indicated high selection pressure. Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important pathogens that cause acute respiratory infections in children and immunocompromised adults. This work was conducted to understand the epidemiological and phylogenetic features of RSV in southern China during 2011–2016. A total of 16 024 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from patients with respiratory infections in 14 hospitals, and screened for RSV and seven other respiratory viruses using real-time PCR. Six hundred and twenty-three RSV-positive samples from 13 hospitals were further analyzed for subtypes. G gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed based on 46 RSV-A and 15 RSV-B strains. RSV was detected in 9.5% of the 16 024 specimens, the highest among the eight respiratory viruses screened. Most of these specimens came from inpatients and children under 3 years of age. The incidence of RSV-A (9.4%) was higher than that of RSV-B (4.4%) in children (<15 years), but not in adults (0.64% vs. 0.58%). A 2-year RSV-A dominance followed by a 1-year RSV-B dominance pattern was found. The co-detection rate of RSV was 25.1%. The main prevalent genotypes were NA1, ON1, and BA9. The prevalent RSV-A genotype in 2011–2012 was NA1, close to Chongqing and Brazil, but a new Hong Kong ON1 genotype was introduced and became the prevalent genotype in Guangzhou in 2014–2015. Deduced amino acid sequence analysis confirmed the ongoing evolution and a high selection pressure of RSV-A and B strains, especially in RSV-A ON1 and NA1 genotypes. This study demonstrated the molecular epidemiological characteristics of RSV in patients with respiratory infections in southern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The rapid increase of temporary migrants in large Chinese cities has led to the need for a nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the factors contributing to the influx. However, previous investigation into this subject has been undermined by an oversimplification of the concepts and measurements related to settlement intentions and migrants' social network. This study uses a combination of data from a 2013 nationwide survey and multilevel logit regressions to investigate the settlement intentions of 12,807 rural-urban migrants across eight cities in China. It especially focuses on the ways in which social ties between migrants and people in their destination cities shaped their intention to settle there. This study makes an innovative contribution to the literature in three ways. First, it distinguishes between migrants' ties to non-residents (other migrants from the same place of origin), kin residents (local residents who are kin), and non-kin residents (local residents who are not kin). Second, it distinguishes between interactive social ties and supportive social ties. Third, it uses multiple indicators to measure the intention of migrants who decide to permanently settle, as well as hukou transfer and housing ownership. Findings from our analysis indicate that the newly formed intergroup ties of migrants and their existing intragroup ties exert different impacts on their intention to settle. Specifically, migrants' newly formed ties with non-kin residents are positively linked to their settlement intention, while their ties to non-residents are negatively associated with their settlement intention. Our findings also indicate that the social ties of migrants have different effects on the different dimensions of their settlement intention. The social ties of migrants play an important role in their permanent settlement and housing ownership intentions, but their effect on hukou transfer intentions is relatively weak. Additionally, our research discovered that supportive social ties play a more important role than do interactive social ties in shaping migrants' settlement intention. Highlights • Rural migrants who retain kin-based and home-based ties with other migrants in destination cities tend to have a weaker intention to settle in cities. • Rural migrants who maintain kin-based ties with local residents or actively construct social ties with non-kin local residents tend to have a stronger intention to settle in cities. • Compared to interactive social ties, supportive social ties play a more significant role in influencing migrants' settlement intention. • Rural migrants' social ties play different roles in different patterns with regard to settlement intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the residential mobility of China’s rural–urban migrants in light of evidence from Yangzhou, a medium-sized city in Jiangsu province. To evaluate the effects of forced moves induced by demolition-led redevelopment, these outcomes are compared to those of voluntary moves. The evaluation is specifically concerned with dwelling attributes and location characteristics. Dwelling attributes consist of tenure and housing facilities, while commuting distance, distance to the city centre and the length of a child’s trip to school comprise the location characteristics. Logistic regression of data from a 2012–2013 survey shows that a voluntary relocation and the intention to move prior to notification of intended demolition are likely to result in positive outcomes. The migrants’ relocation strategy involves making a trade-off between better dwelling attributes and a better location. When housing improvement is their major concern, they tend to move to peripheral areas. However, it seems that children’s educational opportunities are being factored into the trade-off. In that case, migrants purchase an apartment in a specific school district or at least move closer to it. For the sake of their children, they relegate other motives to second place. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper analyses the effects of residential relocation on China’s rural–urban migrants’ social networks in light of evidence from Yangzhou, Jiangsu province. Our study contrasts voluntary moves with forced moves driven by demolition-led redevelopment of urban villages. Based on data from a survey conducted between 2012 and 2013, the regression analysis shows that voluntarily relocated migrants are more likely than forced movers to use phone/computer to contact their former neighbours, and communication technology allows them to maintain the frequency of their contact. Furthermore, when moving to a gated neighbourhood, voluntary movers are more likely than forced movers to participate in public activities, to have more contact with new neighbours and thereby to get more help from the residents’ committee and new neighbours. The results suggest that forced moves have negative effects on migrants’ social networks in the neighbourhood and that the demolition-led redevelopment programmes do not promote the migrants’ integration in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

[Display omitted] • Two stages of fluid exsolution are recognized in the Weijia W skarn deposit. • F-rich magmatic fluids are enriched in REEs, Y, Nb, Ta with flat REE patterns. • F consumption is critical for the compositional evolution of F-rich mineralizing fluids. • Combined garnet and scheelite trace elements are powerful in tracking W skarn mineralization. Fluid evolution is an essential subject in the studies of hydrothermal ore-forming processes. Garnet and scheelite prevail in W-bearing skarn deposits and record plentiful information on W skarn mineralization. In-situ LA-ICP-MS trace element analyses have been carried out on the garnet and scheelite from the F-rich Weijia W deposit in South China to constrain the processes of fluid evolution and W skarn mineralization. The Weijia W deposit mainly consists of calcic and magnesian skarns and was formed through six stages of alteration and mineralization. Two stages of fluid exsolution are recognized in the magmatic-hydrothermal system. The earlier exsolved fluids are Cl-rich with rightward-sloping REE patterns and result in pre-ore skarnization. The later exsolved fluids are F-rich with relatively flat REE patterns and are responsible for W mineralization. The pre-ore garnets are LREE-enriched and HREE-depleted whereas the syn-ore garnets are LREE-depleted and HREE-enriched with lower δ Eu values than the former, denoting a transition from wall rock-controlled to magmatic fluid-dominated fluid-rock interaction. Combined with the skarn occurrences, mineral assemblages, and garnet textures, it is revealed that the mechanism of skarn formation shifts from more diffusive metasomatism under lower water/rock ratios to more advective metasomatism at higher water/rock ratios. The advective metasomatism with a high flux of ore-forming fluids is hydrodynamically favorable for the consequent W mineralization. The earliest-formed scheelite is akin to the host granite porphyry in REE patterns and can reflect the features of initial mineralizing fluids. It has high ΣREE (1255–5059 ppm), Y (616–1416 ppm), Nb (585–2629 ppm), Ta (14–248 ppm), Mn (up to 1977 ppm) and low Mo (mostly < 1000 ppm) contents, indicating that the primary F-rich magmatic fluids are reduced and enriched in REEs, Y, Nb, and Ta. The contents of ΣREE, Y, Nb, and Ta in scheelite are decreasing with the evolution of the F-rich mineralizing fluids. The latest-formed scheelites have distinctly lower ΣREE (2.9–140 ppm), Y (0.01–4.1 ppm), Nb (1.7–77 ppm), and Ta (0.04–0.19 ppm) contents and higher (La/Yb) N ratios and δ Eu values. They show 1:1 positive correlation of Eu N vs. Eu N * and have high Mo (up to 129466 ppm) and low Mn (as low as 3.4 ppm) contents, implying involvement of meteoric waters in the evolved ore-forming fluids and an oxidizing condition. Fluid-rock interaction, mineral precipitation, and fluid mixing largely control the process of fluid evolution. Fluorine consumption due to the formation of fluorite and the other F-rich minerals is vital for the compositional evolution of F-rich mineralizing fluids. The decrease of F concentration in fluids will depress the solubilities of REEs, Y, Nb, and Ta and enhance the LREE/HREE fractionation. Greisenization and skarnization induced the neutralization of the acidic W-bearing fluids and the liberation of Ca from the granite porphyry and carbonate strata and then triggered the scheelite precipitation. The carbonate strata contain abundant Ca and the granite porphyry is poor in Ca, and thus the economic W mineralization dominantly occurs in the skarns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Longitudinal differential settlement of shield-driven tunnel may cause longitudinal bending of the structure, which may further introduce flattening of the tunnel. The flattening of a tunnel as well as the additional internal forces and deformations it causes is seldom studied in the literature. In this paper, analytical solutions are first developed for estimating the additional forces and deformations caused by flattening of a jointed shield-driven tunnel. The effects of tunnel joints, tunnel diameter, lining thickness, ground resistance and original tunnel curvature on the flattening effect of the tunnel are discussed. An application example of a tunnel in Shanghai is adopted to illustrate the flattening of the tunnel. It is found that the flattening effect is significant if the bending radius of tunnel is smaller than 5000m, and that the deformations and internal forces induced by the flattening effect is comparable with those induce by the earth pressure. Thus, if the flattening effect is ignored, the design may be unsafe. It is important to consider the additional internal forces due to tunnel flattening in tunnel design when differential settlements are expected. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The employee stock ownership plan (ESOP), a capitalist practice, was borrowed for the purpose of rescuing and even consolidating socialist state-owned enterprises during the drive in China to reform ownership. More precisely, ESOP was implemented to bail out failing firms, raise funds, increase work motivation, reduce agency costs, and promote industrial democracy. The findings of a case study of three Chinese state-owned enterprises suggest that some short-term goals were basically achieved, but the accomplishment of the other long-term goals was somewhat problematic. Based on our initial findings, recommendations are put forward for future research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Thallium (Tl) poisoning phenomena on used SCR catalysts in China is first reported. • Tl 2 O 3 and Tl 2 SO 4 on the catalyst surface covers the Lewis and Brønsted acid sites. • Consumption of the surface acid sites causing severely catalyst deactivation. • An effective regeneration method for Tl poisoned SCR catalysts has been developed. Thallium (Tl) poisoning is reported for the first time occurring on selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts running in a certain cement kiln. NO x conversion of the poisoned catalyst is almost lost with 6.4 % Tl loading even at 400 °C. Besides the decrease of the BET surface area, Tl significantly decreases the oxidation ability of the active sites due to the coverage effect. Tl is present as both Tl 2 O 3 and Tl 2 SO 4 and covers both the Lewis and Brønsted acid sites of V 2 O 5 and the Ti (OH) Ti bridging sites of TiO 2 , leading to a marked decrease in the quantity and strength of acid sites. Similar to the regeneration of alkali-poisoning catalysts, dilute H 2 SO 4 is also effective to remove partial surface Tl 2 O 3 , by which yielded 89 % of Tl removal with a 0.4 M H 2 SO 4. However, the SCR performance could not total recover because of the remnant Tl 2 O 3 on the catalyst regenerated only once. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since China's housing reform in 1998, urban redevelopment and expansion driven by various stakeholders and the urbanization process have led to the forced relocation of urban residents on a massive scale. Forced relocation in China and other countries is generally associated with negative residential outcomes, although in some situations residents may be able to employ certain strategies to cushion its effects. However, few empirical studies have unraveled the nature of forced relocation from the perspective of compensation, particularly in the context of urban China. Using data from the 2013 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS), this study examined to what extent and in what ways compensation can influence relocatees' housing situations and their satisfaction with the outcome of their forced relocation. The results indicate that the current housing situations of relocatees are not necessarily worse than those of people who have not undergone forced relocation, especially when the forced relocation occurred more than three years previously. Meanwhile, substantial amounts of compensation can increase relocatees' level of satisfaction. The results also indicate that housing situations (including the housing floor area and self-estimated commercial value) are important pathways through which compensation can have positive effects on residential satisfaction. Our findings reveal the multifaceted nature of "forced" relocation: It is not necessarily negative, depending on residents' bargaining power for compensation and their housing strategies after relocation, and its influence should be understood as a dynamic process with a time sequence. • The housing situations of involuntarily-relocated residents are not necessarily worse. • The housing situations at the post-relocation stage are better than the situations at the transitional stage. • Higher compensation plays a positive effect on resident's housing situation. • Higher compensation plays a positive effect on resident's satisfaction with forced relocation. • Housing situation inverts a mediation effect on the relation between compensation and satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Comprehensive analysis of flavor formation of mandarin fish from smell and taste. • Nineteen key aroma compounds were identified in fermented mandarin fish. • The differential metabolites presented a significant correlation to the key volatiles. • 5′-nucleotides were reduced, whereas Asp and Glu were increased. • Tryptophan metabolism was the potential generation pathway of the fish stinky. Volatolomics and metabolomics were performed to explore the generation mechanism of the characteristic flavor of mandarin fish during fermentation. This study revealed a novel finding that umami-tasting amino acids, succinic acid, and peptides increased, while taste-presenting nucleotides decreased after fermentation. The results showed that 19 key aroma compounds were identified. The most nitrogenous compounds were produced after fermentation, the total concentration of which was >5 mg/kg. A high odor activity value of 443 was established for stinky indole. PLS-DA showed that sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine, hypoxanthine, creatine, and trimethylamine N -oxide were the key metabolites associated with the key volatiles. Umami-tasting amino acids could contribute to the characteristic taste. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that tryptophan metabolism, trimethylamine metabolism, and monoterpenoid biosynthesis were the potential generation pathways of indole, trimethylamine, and terpenoids, respectively. Collectively, the results provide thoughts for targeted controlling the flavor of fermented mandarin fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the rising popularity of post-retirement work and its potential benefits for older adults' mental health, this study examined older adults' adaptation ability as a conditional factor for the impact of post-retirement work on depression. Quantitative data from 1433 working older adults and 1433 non-working older adults were analyzed using the PROCESS macro in SPSS to test a moderated regression model with adaptation ability as the moderator. Results showed that older adults with lower adaptation ability demonstrated significantly lower depression if they worked (vs. did not work). Older adults with higher adaptation ability exhibited significantly higher depression if they worked (vs. did not work). These findings were subsequently verified with a robustness check. Overall, post-retirement work did not prevent depression for the entire sample; working only alleviated depression among older adults with limited adaptation ability. Older adults with stronger adaptation ability could better maintain their mental health by staying retired. This study fills a knowledge gap regarding the relationship between post-retirement work and mental health. Implications for aging societies are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city region has emerged as an important form of regional development and governance. However, the dynamics of spatial inequality in city regions are misunderstood. This study examines the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) to determine the spatiotemporal evolution of regional inequality across prefecture-level municipalities from 1990 to 2018. It finds that regional inequality has steadily increased since the 1990s but has declined somewhat in recent years. This is associated with faster growth and higher upward mobility of central regions in the early reform period and increases in the upward mobility of the periphery in recent years. The gradient-distance curve of the Shanghai-centered economy sharpened and then flattened, indicating the polarization of growth in the core regions, followed by the diffusion of development and improved regional integration. However, the core-periphery remains stronger within provinces between provincial capitals and other regions. Despite regional integration and peripheral development, the problem of spatial exclusion and core-periphery structures persists. More attention needs to be given to the core-periphery relationship and the development of peripheral regions to promote regional integration and reduce spatial polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acculturation and identity are two significant determinants of the psychological well‐being of migrants, but how they interactively affect psychological well‐being is still underexplored. This study proposes an interactional perspective that links acculturation and urban identity to the psychological well‐being of rural–urban migrants in China. Using data from the 2014 National Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey, the results of multilevel modeling indicate that both acculturation and urban identity significantly affect the psychological well‐being of rural–urban migrants. Migrants who adopt the integration and assimilation strategy show better psychological well‐being than those who adopt the separation and marginalization strategy. Rural–urban migrants who have a stronger sense of urban identity show better psychological well‐being than those with a weaker sense of urban identity. Meanwhile, urban identity and acculturation also interactively affect the psychological well‐being of rural–urban migrants. In particular, urban identity alleviates the negative pressure generated in the process of acculturation for those who adopt the acculturation strategy of separation. In addition, the effect of acculturation and urban identity on the psychological well‐being of rural–urban migrants varies by migration distance. The research contributes to the literature by demonstrating that cultural identity and place identity interactively affect the psychological well‐being of internal migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sedative gastrointestinal endoscopy is extensively used worldwide. An appropriate degree of sedation leads to more acceptability and satisfaction. Artificial intelligence has rapidly developed in the field of digestive endoscopy in recent years and we have constructed a mature computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system. This system can identify the remaining parts to be examined in real-time endoscopic procedures, which may help anesthetists use anesthetics properly to keep patients in an appropriate degree of sedation. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the CAD system on anesthesia quality control during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods: We recruited 154 consecutive patients at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, including 76 patients in the CAD group and 78 in the control group. Anesthetists in the CAD group were able to see the CAD system's indications, while anesthetists in the control group could not. The primary outcomes included emergence time (from examination completion to spontaneous eye opening when doctors called the patients' names), recovery time (from examination completion to achievement of the primary recovery endpoints) and patient satisfaction scores. The secondary outcomes included anesthesia induction time (from sedative administration to successful sedation), procedure time (from scope insertion to scope withdrawal), total dose of propofol, vital signs, etc. This trial was registered in the Primary Registries of the WHO Registry Network, with registration number ChiCTR2100042621. Results: Emergence time in the CAD group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (p < 0.01). The recovery time was also significantly shorter in the CAD group (p < 0.01). Patients in the CAD group were significantly more satisfied with their sedation than those in control group (p < 0.01). Vital signs were stable during the examinations in both groups. Propofol doses during the examinations were comparable between the two groups. Conclusion: This CAD system possesses great potential for anesthesia quality control. It can improve patient satisfaction during endoscopic examinations with sedation. Trial registration: ChiCTR2100042621. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the seriously-polluted water and broken eco-waterscapes in the Qiusuo Brook on campus of China Three Gorges University, this paper proposed the ecological restoration concept and mode of campus river according to field investigation and monitoring results, i.e. "reduce exogenous pollution--restore sediment microorganism--build intensified plant filter strip--build river water ecosystem and optimize landscapes--maintain ecological river course". In addition to introducing the design concept and principle of this mode, this paper specified the concrete projects such as sewage interception and water supplement, restoration of sediment microoiganism, restoration of water plants, ecological restoration of embankment etc., and also gave planar layouts and sketches of some projects, in order to provide references for the researches and practices of campus river ecological restoration in China Three Goiges University and other similar projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theory of cooperation and competition, though developed in the West, may be useful to develop and analyze productive teamwork in China. Three hundred and sixty-eight employees from a call center participated in a cooperative teamwork 1-day workshop followed by daily practice. Results support the hypothesis that cooperative teams strengthen relationships, reduce turnover, and improve productivity of individual team members. During the 2-month period, team members increased the number of phones answered by nearly 40%, reduced customer complaints by over 55%, and lowered the turnover by over 20%, while the control call centers had either minor increases or decreases in these measures. These results support that the theory of cooperation and competition can guide the development of effective teams in China and that cooperative teams can improve the performance of individual employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the lifetime suicide attempt rate, clinical characteristics and cognitive function of Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia who had attempted suicide. Methods: We collected data from 908 schizophrenia inpatients about suicide attempts through interviews with the patients and their families, as well as through medical records. All patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects, the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, and the Repeated Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Results: Of this sample, 97 (10.68%) had attempted suicide. Patients who had attempted suicide were younger, had longer illness duration, and more severe general psychopathology and depressive symptoms than those who had not. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that suicide attempts were correlated with age, smoking, and depression. No cognitive performance differences were observed between patients who had and had not attempted suicide. Conclusions: In China, patients with chronic schizophrenia may have a higher prevalence of lifetime suicide attempts than the general population. Some demographic and clinical variables were related to suicide attempts in patients with chronic schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report co-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus in a patient with pneumonia in China. The case highlights possible co-detection of known respiratory viruses. We noted low sensitivity of upper respiratory specimens for SARS-CoV-2, which could further complicate recognition of the full extent of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leptospirosis is a water-borne and widespread spirochetal zoonosis caused by pathogenic bacteria called leptospires. Human leptospirosis is an important zoonotic infectious disease with frequent outbreaks in recent years in China. Leptospirosis's emergence has been linked to many environmental and ecological drivers of disease transmission. In this paper, we identified the environmental and socioeconomic factors associated with leptospirosis in China, and predict potential risk area of leptospirosis using predictive models.Methods: Leptospirosis incidence data were derived from the database of China's web-based infectious disease reporting system, a national surveillance network maintained by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. We built statistical relationship between occurrence of leptospirosis and nine environmental and socioeconomic risk factors using logistic regression model and Maxent model.Results: Both logistic regression model and Maxent model have high performance in predicting the occurrence of leptospirosis, with AUC value of 0.95 and 0.96, respectively. Annual mean temperature (Bio1) and annual total precipitation (Bio12) are two most important variables governing the geographic distribution of leptospirosis in China. The geographic distributions of areas at risk of leptospirosis predicted from both models show high agreement. The risk areas are located mainly in seven provinces of China: Sichuan Province, Chongqing Municipality, Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province, Guangdong Province, Guangxi Province, and Hainan Province, where surveillance and control programs are urgently needed. Logistic regression model and Maxent model predicted that 403 and 464 counties are at very high risk of leptospirosis, respectively.Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of socioeconomic and environmental variables and predictive models in identifying risk areas for leptospirosis in China. The values of Geographic Information System and predictive models were demonstrated for investigating the geographic distribution, estimating socioeconomic and environmental risk factors, and enhancing our understanding of leptospirosis in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • In-field measurement of nitrite as carcinogen is important for food safety. • A fully integrated colorimetric detection system for nitrite is offered. • APP is combined with DCNN as visual monitoring platform. • Validity period of test paper is prolonged from 7 d to more than 30 d. • The accuracy of food classification is high as 91.33–100% Nitrite is one of the most common carcinogens in daily food. Its simple, rapid, inexpensive, and in-field measurement is important for food safety, based on the requirements of the standard from Codex Alimentarius Commission and China. Using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and thin layer silica gel (SG), p-aminophenylcyclic acid (SA) and naphthalene ethylenediamine hydrochloride (NEH), as carriers and chromogenic agents, respectively, PAN-NSS as nitrite color sensor is proposed. After fixing and protecting of SA and NEH with layer-upon-layer PAN, the validity period of the test paper can be prolonged from 7 days to more than 30 days. The reproducibility of PAN-NSS preparation is ensured by electrospinning. Combined with PAN-NSS, deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) and APP as a visual monitoring platform, which has the functions of rapid sampling, data processing and transmission, intuitive feedback, etc., and provides a fully integrated detection system for field detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that serum levels of phospholipid (PL) fatty acids (FA) and minerals are associated with the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Chinese population and the profiles of changes may differ from patients with MetS from Western countries. The levels of serum PL, FA, and minerals were examined in 201 subjects (52 with MetS and 149 healthy controls without any MetS components) in China. The saturated FA proportion in serum was significantly higher, whereas the proportion of total polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), n-3 and n-6 PUFA (22:6n-3: −16%, P = .006; 20:4n-6: −36%, P < .001), and estimated δ-5 desaturase were significantly lower in the MetS group compared with those that are not MetS. Subjects with MetS had higher levels of serum Zn (P = .037) and Mg (P < .001) than subjects without MetS. The proportion of n-3 PUFA was significantly negatively correlated with body mass index and waist circumference. In conclusion, serum PL FA composition and serum minerals in Chinese men with MetS differed significantly from that of healthy individuals, reflecting a decrease in n-3 and n-6 PUFA, especially 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6, and an increase in saturated FA, magnesium, and zinc. These changes may reflect improper dietary intake in subjects with MetS, and dietary modification could be useful to prevent MetS and as an adjunctive therapy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Informal relationships often influence employees who intervene in an interpersonal conflict between colleagues. We investigate and report the effects of relational orientations (reciprocity orientation and communal orientation) on employee preference of choosing sides between an acquaintance and a friend in a workplace dispute in The Netherlands and China. A scenario study was conducted among 104 Dutch and 105 Chinese employees. As hypothesized, the results indicate that employees, especially Dutch employees, with an interest-concerned reciprocity orientation tend to side with the acquaintance who has a greater potential to return the favour. By contrast, employees, especially Chinese, with a sharing-concerned communal orientation tend to side with their workplace friend. Explanations and implications of the findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although many studies have confirmed the effects of the built environment on adiposity outcomes in the general population, evidence for young adults is scarce. Furthermore, most prior studies are prone to residential self-selection bias due to the nature of cross-sectional research design, which makes the built environment–adiposity relationship spurious. In this study, we explored the associations between the built environment and three objectively measured adiposity outcomes for a large representative sample of 20,227 undergraduate students from 89 university campuses in China. The adiposity outcomes were measured by body mass index (BMI), waist circumstance (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The residential self-selection bias was largely mitigated because these students are required to live in campus dormitories. As shown by multilevel models, street connectivity, population density, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within and around the campus environment were negatively associated with the odds of adiposity to different extents. Furthermore, the adiposity outcomes of male and low cost-of-living undergraduates were more likely to be affected by built environment characteristics compared to female and high cost-of-living undergraduates. Hence, to deliver effective environment interventions to curb the prevalence of adiposity among undergraduate students, policymakers and university managers are advised to create a more carefully conceived campus environment. • First nationwide study exploring the link between built environment and adiposity outcomes for undergraduate students. • Three adiposity outcomes were objectively measured by professionals for 20,227 undergraduate students throughout China. • The residential self-selection bias is largely mitigated because these students were required to live in campus dormitories. • Street connectivity, population density, and NDVI within and around campuses were negatively associated with adiposity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmers are increasingly planting vegetables during the winter fallow period in the double-rice growing area of Guangdong Province, southern China. The intensified winter crop rotation system (rice-rice-vegetable, RRV) may improve the annual planting benefit and change the soil fertility. To address this, yields, biomass, and profitability of each crop in the RRV, relative to the traditional rice-rice-fallow system (RRF), were compared, and the dynamics of physical, chemical and biological properties of soil at different crop stages were determined in this paper. The annual crop yield, biomass and economic return of RRV were significantly higher than those of RRF due to the inclusion of winter vegetables (green beans) in the cropping system. The contribution of green beans to the total revenue per year for RRV was as high as 73%. Filling winter fallow with green beans had no influence on the yield of early and late rice. Soil NO 3 −-N, available P, exchangeable K, exchangeable Fe, exchangeable Cu and acid phosphatase activity at the winter stage were significantly higher in RRV than in RRF, whereas soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), exchangeable Ca, exchangeable Mg, catalase activity, dehydrogenase activity and invertase activity at the winter stage were lower. The soil NO 3 −-N, exchangeable Fe, exchangeable Cu, and acid phosphatase activity during the early rice stage also tended to be higher in the RRV system. The annual dynamics of soil physical, chemical and biological properties were proven to be greater in the RRV system than in the RRF system. The findings of our study contribute to the understanding of dynamic changes in physical, chemical and biological properties of soil across different crop stages due to intensified green bean planting during the winter fallow period in a double-rice cropping system, which will be useful for the sustainable development of RRV. • Yield and economic income increased significantly in RRV system than RRF system. • Most soil nutrients content were significantly higher in RRV than in RRF. • Soil pH, SOC, and some soil enzyme activity were lower in RRV than in RRF. • The annual dynamics of soil properties were proved to be greater in RRV than in RRF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrolysis process in hydrometallurgy could generate particulate matter (PM) that contains hazardous inorganic acids and heavy metals. This PM generally poses more health risks than conventional atmospheric PM. Here, we investigated the PM characteristics in two representative zinc hydrometallurgy manufacturing facilities in China. The concentrations of the total suspended particles (TSP), PM < 10 μm (PM 10), and PM < 2.5 μm (PM 2.5) were found to exceed the relevant standards of China and the WHO. Sulfuric acid, sulfate ion, and heavy metal elements predominated in the components of PM. Maximum concentrations of sulfuric acid mist in TSP and PM 10 were 6.78 and 14.4 times higher than the respective occupational exposure limits (OELs), respectively. High heavy metal concentrations could lead to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. Furthermore, with the newly developed source apportionment method, the dominant source of PM and components in PM was found to be the zinc electrolysis process. Some heavy metals, such as Pb, As, Sb, and Cr, presented higher enrichment in PM 2.5 due to the intrinsic electrolysis process (e.g., the intrinsic enrichment factors of As, Sb, and Cr > 103). The results suggest that effective cleaner production technologies should be developed in hydrometallurgical industries and stringent regulations on PM, heavy metals, and sulfuric acid mist should be imposed to reduce the health risk in metal electrolysis workplaces. Image 1 • The composition of PM from zinc electrolysis workplace was critically analyzed. • Coarse PM dominated in the PM generated from zinc electrolysis process. • The PM, H 2 SO 4 , and heavy metal concentrations posed serious health risk to workers. • Some heavy metals tended to greatly concentrate in finer PM via intrinsic enrichment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gauge observed runoff can reflect influences of both natural hydrological cycle and human intervention. The Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) 2.0 and 2.1 provide abundant runoff which are useful for water resources assessment in ungauged/poorly gauged regions. However, GLDAS2.0 and GLDAS2.1 runoff have only been validated and inter‐compared in very limited regions. In this study, they are evaluated and inter‐compared utilizing gauge observation in 11 large river basins in China. Results show their runoff have large uncertainties: absolute values of relative bias (|RB|) being above 39% and Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency lower than 0.15 on average, but GLDAS2.1 is better. Both of them have large uncertainty in the Tibetan Plateau:|RB|are higher than 40%. The gap between GLDAS runoff and observations could attribute to both GLDAS system uncertainty and the fact that GLDAS does not consider human intervention. Therefore, cautions should be taken when using them in coupled human‐natural systems. Plain Language Summary: Runoff data of the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) 2.0 and 2.1 have only been validated and inter‐compared in very limited regions. We evaluated and inter‐compared GLDAS2.0 and GLDAS2.1 runoff data utilizing gauge observation in 11 large river basins in China. We found that they have large uncertainties, especially in the Tibetan Plateau. The uncertainty may result from the system itself, such as forcing data and models used. In addition, human intervention may also contribute to the uncertainty, because the system did not consider human influence. We suggest that cautions must be taken when using them. Key Points: Both GLDAS2.0 and GLDAS2.1 have large uncertainties, but GLDAS2.1 is better: absolute values of relative bias are above 39%In the Tibetan Plateau, absolute value of relative bias is 64% for GLDAS2.0 and is larger than in the Middle and Northeast China [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass reflects the state of forest management and is critical for assessing forest benefits and carbon storage. The effective crown is the region above the lower limit of the forest crown that includes the maximum vertical distribution density of branches and leaves; this component plays an important role in tree growth. Adding the effective crown to biomass equations can enhance the accuracy of the derived biomass. Six sample plots in a larch plantation (ranging in area from 0.06 ha to 0.12 ha and in number of trees from 63 to 96) at the Mengjiagang forest farm in Huanan County, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, China, were analyzed in this study. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) was used to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data on the trees, from which crown parameters at different heights were extracted. These parameters were used to determine the position of the effective crown. Moreover, effective crown parameters were added to biomass equations with tree height as the sole variable to improve the accuracy of the derived individual-tree biomass estimates. The results showed that the minimum crown contact height was very similar to the effective crown height, and an increase in model accuracy was apparent (with R a 2 increasing from 0.846 to 0.910 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) decreasing from 0.372 kg to 0.286 kg). The optimal model for deriving biomass included tree height, crown length from minimum contact height, crown height from minimum contact height, and crown surface area from minimum contact height. The novelty of the article is that it improves the fit of individual-tree biomass models by adding crown-related variables and investigates how the accuracy of biomass estimation can be enhanced by using remote sensing methods without obtaining diameter at breast height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• BBU could harvest similar grain yield of rice with FP treatment. • N releasing rate of CRU was higher during late rice season than early rice season. • N release rate of S-CRU were slower and less sensitive to temperature than P-CRU. • S-BBU was more close to the N requirement of rice than P-BBU. Single basal application of bulk blending urea(BBU) which consists of both controlled-released urea(CRU) and conventional urea(U) has been proposed to facilitate fertilization and lower cost of CRU. Nevertheless, its effect on the growth, yield and N use efficiency(NUE) of rice in double rice cropping system under subtropical environment are still unknown. Field experiments were conducted at two different sites(Taishan county and Wengyuan county) simultaneously in Guangdong province to investigate the effects of single basal application of two types of BBU(P-BBU which consists of parabolic pattern CRU, and S-BBU which consists of sigmodial pattern CRU) on soil available N, grain yield and NUE. Conventional high-yield fertilization treatment with four split applications of U(FP) and no-N treatment(CK) were established as controls. The results demonstrated that BBU could provide similar or more adequate N nutrient for rice with FP during late rice season. BBU performed comparably to or better than FP on soil NH 4 +-N, dry matter, grain yield and NUE during late rice season. During early rice season, BBU performed comparably with FP on soil NH 4 +-N, N content of rice, dry matter, grain yield and NUE at Taishan site, while at Wengyuan site, it significantly reduced soil NH 4 +-N, N content of rice, dry matter and NUE compared with FP, and reduced grain yield slightly. Release tests in water and paddy field were conducted in order to evaluate the releasing dynamics of parabolic and sigmodial pattern CRU. Results showed that the N release rate of CRU in paddy field during early rice season was significantly slower than that during late rice season. This was closely correlated with the changing pattern of accumulated temperature. The N release rate of parabolic CRU in paddy field was faster and more sensitive to changing temperature than sigmodial CRU. Non-linear regression analysis shows that the N release patterns of sigmodial CRU in paddy fields were more close to N uptake of rice during both rice seasons. The grain yield of rice and NUE in S-BBU was higher slightly than P-BBU during both rice seasons. These results demonstrated that BBU obtained similar grain yield in double rice cropping system in South China, and S-BBU treatment is better for N requirement of rice during both seasons. Future studies should focus on optimizing and customizing the blending ratio of BBU for each rice season in double rice cropping system to increase crop yield and the robustness of BBU to changing weather conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Guangdong Province is one of the most developed and populous provinces in southern China, with frequent foreign exchanges and large transient population. The annual number of cases of HIV/AIDS reported in Guangdong has been higher than most of provinces in China for several successive years. HIV infection by heterosexual transmission occurs across the province, with transmission among men who have sex with men occurring mainly in larger urban centers. There is a lack of widespread and representative data on the distribution of HIV subtypes in Guangdong. This study aimed to thoroughly investigate and estimate the prevalence and distribution of HIV-1 subtypes using a city-based sampling strategy to better understand the characteristics of HIV transmission in Guangdong.Methods: Archived plasma samples (n = 1205) from individuals diagnosed as HIV-1 infection in 2013 were selected randomly from all 21 cities in Guangdong Province. Genotypes were determined using env and/or gag sequences using phylogenetic analysis. The distributions of HIV genotypes in different risk groups and different cities were analyzed.Results: A total of 15 genotypes, including six discordant genotypes, were identified. The four main HIV-1 subtypes in Guangdong were CRF01_AE (43.2%), CRF07_BC (26.3%), CRF55_01B (8.5%), and CRF08_BC (8.4%). CRF01_AE was the predominant subtype in all risk populations. The high mobility of people shaped the complexity of the HIV genotypes, while the switch of risk factors affected the distribution and future trend of HIV-1 genotypes in Guangdong. Another epicenter located in the western region in addition to the known epicenter cities in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong may exist.Conclusions: Our study provides a comprehensive molecular epidemiologic dataset to understand the diversity and distribution of HIV genotypes in Guangdong, as well as to clarify the unique region- and risk group-specific transmission dynamics. The results provide critical and insightful information for more effective intervention strategies to limit HIV transmission in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinical studies have shown that bipolar patients have increased serum uric acid levels. High serum uric acid levels could play a role contributing to high prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is known to increase the risk of developing a number of life threatening diseases including coronary heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. This study investigated the association between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome and its components in individuals suffering from bipolar disorders. Methods: This study recruited 318 inpatients suffering from bipolar disorders from Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital in China and 160 healthy subjects from the same region as the controls. We used National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Adapted criteria (NCEP ATP-III A) for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Hyperuricemia was determined as serum uric acid level above 420 μmol/L in men and 360 μmol/L in women (N Engl J Med 359(17):1811–1821, 2008). Results: Among 318 bipolar patients, there was higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (42.5%) and hyperuricemia (27.7%) than healthy controls (21.9 and 11.9%). Bipolar patients with metabolic syndrome had increased prevalence of hyperuricemia (OR = 3.0, CI95 [1.7–5.4]). Hypertriglyceridemia and larger waist circumference (WC) were associated with hyperunicemia (OR = 1.8, CI95 [1.1–3.1], OR = 1.9, CI95 [1.1–3.4]). Hyperuricemia was associated with metabolic syndrome in bipolar patients (p < 0.001) and especially with hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 1.9, CI95 [1.1–3.1] and increased WC (OR = 2.1 [1.2–4.0]). Bipolar patients over 50 years of age and hyperuricemia were highly prone to develop metabolic syndrome (OR = 14.0, CI95 [5.0–39.0]). Conclusions: Hyperuricemia was highly associated with development of metabolic disorder particularly for aged patients suffering from bipolar disorders. Early prevention of hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome may lead better life for bipolar patients when they get older. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]