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With the deployment of China's energy strategy in the western regions, complex geological mining conditions such as thin bedrock and ultrathick seams in western China have caused a series of problems such as serious deformation of the surrounding rock at the ends of the working face and the increase in the lead abutment pressure of the roadways; the research on end roof deformation in the resource exploitation in western China has become one of the great demands of the industry. Based on the failure characteristics of rock mass, relying on the actual mining geological conditions of a coal mine in Inner Mongolia, the failure characteristics of the overlying rock strata under the influence of mining were simulated and analyzed using similar material simulation experiment, which intuitively reproduced the failure and deformation processes of the immediate roof, main roof, and key strata and revealed the mechanical mechanism of the directional weakening of the end roof. It is of great significance for the stability control of the surrounding rock at the end of the fully mechanized caving face in the thin bedrocks and ultrathick seams, reducing the abutment pressure of gate roadway and controlling the spontaneous combustion of residual coal in the goaf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study utilizes the data envelopment analysis technique with materials balance condition to evaluate the inherent trade-offs between environmental and cost outcomes among different types of energy consumptions in China's construction industry. Environmental and cost efficiency that is decomposed into technical efficiency and allocative efficiency are estimated, and the possible environmental impact and economic cost of reallocating energy inputs for improving efficiency are obtained. The estimation results show that: i) China's construction industry has the ability to produce its current level of industrial added value with fewer CO 2 emissions and fewer energy input cost through removing technical inefficiency and adjusting energy consumption structure. ii) There are 31.9% and 6.1% reduction potentials on CO 2 emissions if this industry attained the most environmentally efficient and the most costly efficient situation, respectively. iii) The average shadow cost of CO 2 emissions reduction in this industry is very low, suggesting that it should control CO 2 emissions through optimizing energy consumption structure and improving energy efficiency, instead of relying on end-of-pipe emission abatement technologies or emission trading systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since June 2014, international crude oil prices have fallen sharply; because of the new refined oil pricing mechanism, China's domestic refined oil prices fell with the international oil prices. During the period from November 28, 2014, to January 12, 2015, the China's domestic refined oil consumption tax had been increased for three times. Then the lowest price of refined oil was set to protect refined oil prices from further declining. Through financial means used to control the prices of refined oil, can the goals of oil consumption reduction and harmful emissions mitigation be realised? Is it reasonable to use such a way adjusting refined oil consumption tax? In this paper, we construct an econometric model, investigate the elasticity of China's gasoline demand, and then make a further research on the effect of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission reduction. We also study the rationality of the way adjusting the consumption tax. We propose some policy suggestions based on the research in the context of the frequent fluctuations in international oil prices and the rising dependence on international crude oil in China. According to our study, compared with the developed countries (e.g., the United States), China's gasoline demand elasticity is not high; however, a certain extent, tax adjustment can still guide consumers towards saving energy, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling gasoline consumption and reducing CO 2 emissions. The frequent tax adjustment reveals the irrationality of the refined oil pricing mechanism and the taxes policy. China has entered the 13th five development term. More reform measures should be proposed to build the crude oil market and improve the taxes policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has launched pilot carbon emissions permit trading schemes (ETS) in seven regions since 2013/2014 and has established a nationwide ETS in the power industry by the end of 2017. Recent literature has evaluated China's seven pilot regions on design aspects of the ETS, and yet little is known about the potential recovery of economic output loss through introducing the ETS. This study considers the recovery of industrial value added loss and thus measures the abatement cost savings from trading to evaluate the necessity and feasibility of China's pilot ETSs. The analysis develops a parametric and nonparametric combined technique to calculate the opportunity abatement cost savings (i.e., potential abatement cost savings and unrealized abatement cost savings) and marginal abatement cost savings (i.e., changes on carbon shadow prices) in China's pilot ETSs during 2011–2015. It additionally provides an estimation of potential carbon emissions reduction from ETS. Both cross-industrial trading and intertemporal trading are considered, and three simulations, defined as no trading, cross-industrial trading, and cross-industrial and intertemporal trading, are conducted. We found that, i) 1–16% potential abatement cost savings and 2–12% unrealized abatement cost savings would be identified in China's pilot ETS regions. ii) 0.5–33% and 1.6–25% carbon emissions reduction potential would be realized respectively by introducing ETS and eliminating the operational inefficiency of the ETS. iii) Marginal abatement cost savings would both exist in almost all regions if the ETS were implemented and if the ETS were fully operational. • Abatement cost savings from trading are calculated in China's pilot regions. • Potential recovery of economic output loss is identified in industrial sectors. • Three simulation analysis of carbon emission permit trading are conducted. • CO 2 emissions reduction potentials in trading are also identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In March 2022, a new outbreak of COVID-19 emerged in Quanzhou, leading to the implementation of strict lockdown management measures in colleges. While existing research has indicated that the pandemic has had a significant impact on sleep quality, the specific effects of containment measures on college students' sleep patterns remain understudied., Objective: This study aimed to understand the sleep quality of college students in Fujian Province during the epidemic and determine sensitive variables, in order to develop an efficient prediction model for the early screening of sleep problems in college students., Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted April 5-16, 2022 to survey college students in Quanzhou. A total of 4959 college students in Quanzhou were enrolled in this study. Descriptive analysis, univariate analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors regarding sleep quality. In addition, we constructed eight sleep quality risk prediction models to predict sleep quality., Results: A mean PSQI total score of 6.03 ± 3.21 and a sleep disorder rate of 29.4% (PSQI > 7) were obtained. Sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, diurnal dysfunction, and PSQI score were all higher than the national norm (P < 0.05). A total of eight significant predictors finally identified by the LASSO algorithm was incorporated into prediction models. Through a series of assessments, we identified the artificial neural network model as the best model, achieving an area under curve of 73.8% an accuracy of 67.3%, a precision of 84.0%, a recall of 66.3%, and an F1 score of 69.3%. These performance indices suggest that the ANN model outperforms other models. It is noteworthy that the threshold probabilities for net benefit were found to be between 0.81 and 0.92 and the clinical impact curve confirmed that the models' predictions were particularly effective in identifying individuals with poor sleep quality when the threshold probability was set above 70%. These findings underscore the potential clinical utility of our models for the early detection of sleep disorders., Conclusions: In Quanzhou, under COVID-19 quarantine management, the sleep quality of college students was affected to a certain extent, and their PSQI scores were higher than the national average in China. The artificial neural network model had the best performance, and it is expected to be used to provide early interventions to prevent sleep disorders., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The project was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (IRB No. 2021 − 309). Informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians for this study. There is no conflict of interest in this study. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Guarantor: Yixiang Zhang. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Objective: To evaluate whether the intense simplified strategy, which comprises short term intensive insulin therapy (SIIT) followed by subsequent oral antihyperglycaemic regimens, could improve long term glycaemic outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and severe hyperglycaemia., Design: Multicentre, open label, randomised trial., Setting: 15 hospitals in China between December 2017 and December 2020., Participants: 412 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and significant hyperglycaemia (HbA 1c ≥8.5%)., Interventions: All randomised participants initially received SIIT for 2-3 weeks, followed by linagliptin 5 mg/day, metformin 1000 mg/day, combination linagliptin plus metformin, or lifestyle modification alone (control) for 48 weeks., Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was the percentage of participants achieving HbA 1c <7.0% at week 48 after SIIT. Secondary outcomes included glycaemic control, β cell function, and variations in insulin sensitivity., Results: 412 participants were randomised. At baseline, the mean age was 46.8 (standard deviation 11.2) years, mean body mass index was 25.8 (2.9), and mean HbA 1c was 11.0% (1.9%). At week 48, 80% (78/97), 72% (63/88), and 73% (69/95) of patients in the linagliptin plus metformin, linagliptin, and metformin groups, respectively, achieved HbA 1c <7.0%, compared with 60% (56/93) in the control group (P=0.02 overall; P=0.003 for linagliptin plus metformin versus control; P=0.12 for linagliptin versus control; P=0.09 for metformin versus control). Additionally, 70% (68/97), 68% (60/88), and 68% (65/95) of patients in the linagliptin plus metformin, linagliptin, and metformin group, respectively, achieved HbA 1c <6.5% compared with 48% (45/93) in the control group (P=0.005 overall; P=0.005 for linagliptin plus metformin versus control; P=0.01 for linagliptin versus control; P=0.008 for metformin versus control; all were significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons). Thus, compared with the control group, participants in the linagliptin plus metformin group were more likely to achieve HbA 1c <7.0% at week 48 (odds ratio 2.78, 95% confidence interval 1.37 to 5.65; P=0.005). Moreover, the linagliptin plus metformin group showed the most significant improvement in fasting plasma glucose and β cell function indices. All treatments were well tolerated., Conclusions: The intense simplified strategy using subsequent oral therapies post-SIIT, especially the linagliptin plus metformin combination, sustainably improved glycaemic control and β cell function in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and severe hyperglycaemia. This approach offers a promising direction for decision making in the clinical management of type 2 diabetes mellitus., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03194945., Competing Interests: Competing interests: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/disclosure-of-interest/ and declare: support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Science and Technology Bureau, and Boehringer-Ingelheim for the submitted work; no financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Background: In mainland China, dialysis for children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was not introduced until the 1980s. To describe the development of pediatric dialysis in different regions of China, a national pediatric dialysis network, namely, International Pediatric Dialysis Network-China (IPDN-China) ( www.pedpd.org.cn ), was launched in 2012., Methods: Original and updated information from the renal centers registered with the IPDN-China was collected between 2012 and 2016 from two sources, namely, the registry and the survey, and demographic features were analyzed., Results: Due to promotion by the IPDN-China, the number of registered renal centers increased from 12 to 39 between 2012 and 2016, with a significant increase in the coverage of the Chinese administrative divisions (from 26.5 to 67.6%) (p < 0.01); and the coverage of the pediatric (0~14 years old) population increased to nearly 90% in 2016. The distribution of renal centers indicated that East China had the highest average number of registered centers per million population (pmp) 0~14-year-old age group. Seventeen relatively large dialysis centers were distributed across 14 divisions. Various modalities of renal replacement therapy (RRT) were available in most centers. The IPDN-China has promoted collaborations between dieticians, psychologists, and social workers on dialysis teams to provide better service to children with ESRD and their families. The proportion of centers with all three types of paramedic support (i.e., dieticians, psychologists, and social workers) as well as the proportion of centers with a partial paramedic team significantly increased between 2012 (25.0%) and 2016 (69.2%) (p < 0.05). In terms of the point prevalent cases of patients (aged < 18 years), data from the survey of 39 registered centers revealed that the number of children with ESRD who were on RRT was 578 (49% received a kidney transplant) at the end of 2016, which was more than that reported in previous surveys. Data from the registry showed that 349 dialysis patients had been enrolled as of the end of 2016. The median age at RRT start was 9.5 years, and the leading cause of ESRD was congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT)., Conclusions: The IPDN-China has helped to promote the development of pediatric dialysis for ESRD in China by improving the organization of care for dialysis patients and increasing the availability and the quality of RRT for patients who need it. To improve knowledge about the epidemiology and outcomes of pediatric RRT around the country, a sustained effort needs to be made by the IPDN-China to increase the enrollment of dialysis patients and increase the number of registered centers in the future.

The present study examined the factorial structure of a Chinese language version of the self-report Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology Questionnaire in 581 adults. Four factors were extracted (Emotional Dysregulation, Dissocial, Inhibition, and Compulsivity) that are similar to the factors extracted in the scales' normative clinical and general population samples from North America (factor comparability coefficients range from .88 to .96), supporting the idea that this trait structure is invariant across diverse populations. The internal consistency of the scales (Cronbach's alpha) was satisfactory across age and gender groups with the exception of the Intimacy Problems scale. Possible explanations for the poor internal consistency of the Intimacy Problems scale, such as cultural differences in social factors influencing marital and romantic relationships in Chinese populations, as opposed to other populations are discussed.