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This study investigates the complex interplay between intellectual capital, competitive advantage, and audit quality within the context of auditing firms operating in China. Drawing upon a sample of auditing firms, data was collected and analyzed to examine the relationships between various components of intellectual capital (including structural capital, human capital, relational capital, and spiritual capital), competitive advantage, and audit quality. The study employs structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized relationships and assess the mediating role of competitive advantage. Findings indicate a positive association between intellectual capital components and competitive advantage, with structural capital and relational capital demonstrating particularly strong impacts. Furthermore, competitive advantage serves as a significant mediator in the relationship between intellectual capital and audit quality, highlighting the critical role of strategic resource management in enhancing audit quality outcomes. By investing in the development of intellectual capital resources, such as organizational structures, human expertise, and external relationships, auditing firms can not only strengthen their competitive position but also improve the quality and effectiveness of their audit services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The article analyses two transformation variants: the Polish variant and the variant used in the People's Republic of China. This analysis was carried out in the context of the cultural background of both nations. The authors also tried to answer the question to what extent the reform programs of both economies, known as the Balcerowicz Plan and the Beijing Consensus, were culturally compatible and whether they impacted their effectiveness this. The article draws attention to the level of social acceptance of the transformation scenario adopted in the country and the role of both decision-making centralism and economic democracy in the conditions of a market economy. Methodology: The review of literature. Findings: As a result of the literature analysis, it was established that the reforms carried out as a result of the Balcerowicz plan took into account the cultural conditions of the Polish economy to a limited extent, which resulted in incomplete and delayed use of the potential of Polish social and intellectual capital. Chinese reforms, on the other hand, were carried out in a way that was more suited to Chinese realities, which, among other factors, enabled China to develop more dynamically without leading its economy to a periodic collapse caused by the transformation processes. Value of the paper: The article is analytical and synthetic in nature and is addressed to a wide audience, primarily to decision-makers managing the economy at various levels and to students of economics and management. The article is not only retrospective in nature, but also encourages deeper reflection on the future and may be helpful to managers in making economic decisions, in which they should take into account the cultural aspect to a greater extent than before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to elaborate a three-stage hybrid measure data envelopment analysis (DEA) with meta-frontier model, and then estimate the technical efficiency of Taiwanese semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) companies by using data from 2005 to 2016 on 92 firms. The study divided the Taiwanese semiconductor IC companies into two groups (IC design and IC manufacturing/packaging/testing) based on their different production characteristics and using the concepts of DEA meta-frontier models proposed by [O'Donnell, CJ, DP Rao, GE Battese (2008). Meta-frontier frameworks for the study of firm-level efficiencies and technology ratios. Empirical Economics, 34(2), 231–255] to estimate their efficiencies. The empirical results of this study show that the adjustment range of the average meta-efficiency values of all firms is higher than the adjustment range of the financial turbulent in 2007–2009 and 2011–2013. Second, before and after the adjustment, the distribution of the meta-technology ratio (MTR) changed slightly. The main reason may be that the global economic recession triggered by the 2007–2009 global financial tsunami and the 2011–2013 European debt crisis offset the impact of technological progress. Finally, under the considerations of environmental factors, the ratio of export to total sales, the degree of diversification, research and development spillover effects and the ratio of investment to mainland China are the main determinants influencing the operational performance of Taiwanese semiconductor IC firms and the impacts on MTR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of a burgeoning knowledge economy, enterprise intellectual capital has emerged as a pivotal asset for organizational growth. Evaluating it requires a comprehensive and robust index, yet there is no standard methodology for such assessments. Here, we propose an index for evaluating enterprise intellectual capital. We use the Delphi method to delineate a scientific decision structure. A grey-based decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) is coupled with an analytic network process (ANP)—i.e., grey DEMATEL-based ANP (GDANP)—to determine the relative weight of indicators. Then, we use the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution to validate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed evaluation index based on data on thirty new-technology companies in China. This study bridges a critical gap in academic discourse, and we discuss the practical implications for the strategic management of intellectual capital in corporate settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Based on resource-based theory and intellectual capital theory, this paper aims to investigate the impact of digital investment on enterprise value and the mediating role of intellectual capital. Additionally, it explores the heterogeneous impacts of digital investment on enterprise value and intellectual capital. Design/methodology/approach: The study utilizes a sample of listed companies in Chinese A-shares from 2013 to 2020. The entropy-weighted method is applied to measure digital investment from two dimensions: scale and increment. Finally, the research hypotheses are tested through multiple regression analysis. Findings: The empirical results demonstrate that digital investment significantly and positively impacts enterprise value. From the channel mechanism test, digital investment can enhance enterprise value by influencing intellectual capital through human, structural and relational capital. Of these, the mediating effect of human capital is the most significant. Moreover, the impacts of digital investment on enterprise value and intellectual capital are related to the industry sectors. In the agricultural sector, digital investment has adverse effects. In the industrial and service sectors, digital investment promotes intellectual capital and enterprise value. However, in the service sector, the impact on relational capital is not significant, and the mediating effect of relational capital does not hold. Research limitations/implications: This research has a limited potential for generalization due to the lack of standard measurement models for the exploration of digital investment. Practical implications: The research findings are valuable for assessing the economic effects of digital investment comprehensively and providing essential information for policy formulation and strategy implementation. Originality/value: This study represents the first attempt to evaluate the relationship between digital investment and enterprise value using the entropy-weighted method. In addition, this study investigates the mediating role of intellectual capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of flexibility-oriented human resource management (FHRM) systems on intellectual capital and organizational resilience. This study also examines the moderating effect of digital capability on the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational resilience. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 219 Chinese businesses in the Yangtze River Delta region of China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the validity and reliability of the measurements, and hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression. Findings: The empirical results show that FHRM systems are positively correlated with intellectual capital and organizational resilience. Intellectual capital mediates the link between FHRM systems and organizational resilience. Moreover, digital capability serves as a positive moderator between intellectual capital and organizational resilience. Originality/value: From the perspectives of resilience theory, the resource-based view and the theory of dynamic capabilities, this study is among the first to identify the process mechanism by which FHRM systems affect organizational resilience through intellectual capital. Digital capability is introduced as a situational factor for understanding the effect of intellectual capital on organizational resilience, which provides new insights for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transdermal drug delivery systems have become an intriguing research topic in healthcare technology and one of the most frequently developed pharmaceutical products in the global market. In recent years, researchers and pharmaceutical companies have made significant progress in developing new solutions in the field. This study sheds light on current trends, collaboration patterns, research hotspots, and emerging frontiers of transdermal drug delivery. Herein, a bibliometric and patent analysis of data recovered from Scopus and The Lens databases, respectively, is reported over the last 20 years. From 2000 to 2022, the annual global publications increased from 131 in 2000 to 659 in 2022. Researchers in the United States, China, and India produced the highest number of publications. Likewise, most patent applications have been filed in the USA, China, and Europe. The recovered patents are 7275, grouped into 2997 patent families, of which 314 were granted. This study could support the work of decision-makers, scientific managers, or scientists to create new business opportunities or save money, time, and intellectual capital, thereby defining when a research or technology project should be a priority or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's family enterprises have entered the peak of intergenerational succession, and the succession of the second generation is bound to have a great impact on the development of these enterprises. From the perspective of the resource-based view, this paper constructs a relationship model among intergenerational succession, enterprise intellectual capital and market sustainable competitive advantage. Based on the data of a sample of 189 entrepreneurs from family firms in Zhejiang Province, we use multiple regression and structural equation modeling to explore the impact of intergenerational succession on the market sustainable competitive advantage of family firms and the mediating role of the three dimensions of the firm's intellectual capital, namely, structural capital, relational capital and human capital. The empirical results show that (1) successful succession of a family business significantly promotes the market sustainable competitive advantage of the enterprise; (2) successful succession has a significant promotion effect on the three dimensions of enterprise intellectual capital, and the three dimensions of enterprise intellectual capital play a partial mediating role between intergenerational succession and the market sustainable competitive advantage of the enterprises. This conclusion expands the research on the consequences of intergenerational succession and has important practical significance for the healthy development of family enterprises in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Chinese-listed firms with Belt and Road Initiatives (BRI) play a crucial role in advancing the outward investment policy of China. Board diversity can be vital, and intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) showing future earnings can build investor confidence in these firms. This study examines these two relationships in Chinese-listed firms with BRI projects during a predictable business outlook period (2019, pre-Covid period) and unpredictable business outlook period (2020, Covid period). Design/methodology/approach: The study used least squares regression that analysed the target population comprising 79 listed Chinese firms with BRI projects in 2019 and 2020. The China Stock Market and Accounting Research (CSMAR) database provided board diversity data. Analysing annual reports using content analysis provided the ICD data, collected by following an established intellectual capital (IC) coding framework in the literature. After collecting board-related data, the study calculated the diversity between boards in firms (diversity of boards – DOB) using cluster analysis. The study estimated the diversity within each board (diversity in boards – DIB) using Blau's Index. Findings: The findings indicate that in the predictable business outlook environment, DOB positively associates with ICD, and DIB negatively associates with ICD. In the unpredictable business outlook environment, the DIB and DOB interaction negatively associates with ICD, and DOB positively associates with ICD. Research limitations/implications: The findings apply to Chinese-listed firms with BRI projects and further research is required to generalise findings beyond them. This study used annual reports to collect ICD, but a future study could examine BRI firms' social media and website disclosures. The attributes selected for board diversity dimensions can contribute to bounded findings, and future studies could expand the board diversity attributes included. Practical implications: The findings provide insights into firms' board composition and structure associated with ICD. Originality/value: This is one of the first studies providing empirical evidence about board diversity and ICD of Chinese-listed firms with BRI projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Open innovation is regarded as the driven factor for organizational resilience, but open innovation's role and effect mechanism in leveraging organizational resilience has been limited explored. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between two types of open innovation and organizational resilience and the mediating effect of intellectual capital on open innovation and organizational resilience. Design/methodology/approach: After a literature review, a research model including open innovation, intellectual capital and organizational resilience is proposed. Survey data are collected from information and communication technologies (ICT) sector in China and analyzed by using partial least squares–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and Bootstrapping procedure to present results of each hypothesis test. Findings: Results indicate that inbound open innovation has a significant and direct impact on organizational resilience, while outbound open innovation has not. In addition, all three dimensions of intellectual capital were significantly correlated with organizational resilience and had mediating roles in the indirect effect of inbound open innovation and organizational resilience. Nevertheless, only social capital played a mediating role in the relationship between outbound open innovation and organizational resilience. Originality/value: The study explores the relationships among open innovation, intellectual capital and organizational resilience in a comprehensive model, which is the first known study to highlight that open innovation can enhance organizational resilience through intellectual capital, and provides valuable suggestions for improving organizational resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although previous studies have studied the impact of spiritual leadership (SL) on employees' innovation, the research on mechanisms and the boundary conditions for stimulating this relationship is scant. This paper aims to follow the idea of social capital theory (SCT), which contends that social relationships are resources that lead toward the development of intellectual capital, important for innovative work behavior (IWB) of employees; the mediating role of knowledge sharing self-efficacy (KSSE) and moderating role of innovation climate (IC) are considered. Design/methodology/approach: The authors collected the data from the foreign and local employees working in multinational companies in China. The quantitative analysis was performed using Smart-PLS 3.0. Findings: The results indicated that employee high-ranking of SL is positively related to KSSE. Moreover, SL is significant to enhance IWB, whereas KSSE explained this relationship. The authors also suggest that an employee's KSSE is significant to form important behavior at work (IWB). However, IC did not play its moderating role in the SL – IWB link. Originality/value: This study explores the influence of the leadership style (SL) on employees' KSSE and the effect of KSSE on IWB, which have not been studied previously. The current study confirms the relationship between SL and IWB in the multicultural workplace and reveals the deeper influence of an individual's belief (KSSE) mechanism between them. SCT was applied to explain the proposed relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a comparative study on Chinese academic returnees in Chengdu and Guangzhou, China. Adopting the concepts of intellectual gateway (IG), intellectual node (IN) and intellectual capital (IC) from the intellectual migration (IM) framework, as well as the amenities perspective in migration studies, this article conceptualises Chengdu as an emerging IG and Guangzhou as a typical IG. Through analysing macro-level public data and first-hand interviews and survey data at the micro level, it explores academic returnees'destination choice and if urban amenities and individual preferences influence their onward migration intention. It concludes that academic returnees'choice of destination is not only highly related to their pursuit of IC development and economic capital, but is also influenced by their preferences of different types of cultural amenities. Chengdu's cultural amenities tend to attract and retain more personal-life-oriented academic returnees, while Guangzhou is favoured by professional-life-oriented returnees. Furthermore, compared to returnees in Guangzhou, those in Chengdu are more likely to stay for longer terms. It is suggested that building rich cultural amenities and intellectual networks can be potential advantages for emerging IGs in attracting and retaining intellectual migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research attempts to determine the degree to which three primary elements (Human, Structural, and relational capital) and intellectual capital are related to profitability of SMEs technological inventions in China's Jiangsu province of as part of the country's intellectualization process in the post-industrial era. The research utilizes data from 1,450 SME listings on the Shenzhen stock market between 2012 and 2020. The VAICTM model was used in this inquiry. Using PLS-SEM, the study evaluated four significant hypotheses. The research indicates that human and structural capital have a substantial meaningful correlation regarding SMEs success. The research also discovered a favorable association between human and structural capital and technological innovation in Jiangsu province throughout the post-industrial period. However, a strong negative correlation occurred between relational capital and the financial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The research uncovered a substantial positive relationship between the technological innovation of SMEs and their financial success. The link between intellectual capital (HC, SC, and RC) and company performance was shown to be mediated and moderated by technological innovation. According to the findings, technical innovation considerably moderates the link between Human Capital and firm performance. The research indicated that Technical Innovation (TI) moderates the association between Structural Capital (RC) and firm performance. In contrast, Technical Innovation (TI) does not alter the association between Relational Capital (RC) and firm success in a substantial way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the impact of intellectual capital (IC) and its three components (human, structural and relational capital) on corporation performance in the Chinese transportation industry. In addition, this study also investigates auditor characteristics (both Big-N and non-Big-N auditors) as a moderating role to examine the relationship between IC and corporate performance. Design/methodology/approach: The data include 398 firm-year observations of transportation companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2020. Value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) model and its modified version (MVAIC) are applied to measure IC efficiency. Finally, the fixed effects regression analysis is used to mitigate the endogeneity issue. To investigate the moderating effect of auditor characteristics, the authors divide the samples based on the clients audited by Big-4 and non-Big-4 firms. Findings: This study reveals that IC can enhance firm performance in China's transportation sector. Overall, findings indicate that on the whole, IC has a positive and significant impact on corporation profitability and productivity. Human capital and physical and financial assets (capital employed) play highly important roles, but structural capital has no significant impact. The authors also found that auditor characteristics play an important moderating role in the connection between IC and corporate performance. For example, the positive association between IC and corporate performance is more pronounced when Big-4 auditors audit client firms. At the same time, the authors found a negative relationship between IC and firm performance when non-Big-4 auditors audit client firms. Practical implications: Managers must understand that several components of IC have a total effect on corporate financial performance. Therefore, managers can dedicate more resources to such components based on the performance outcomes to emphasize their business strategies. Originality/value: This study is the first empirical analysis of the impact of IC and its components on corporation performance in the transportation sector in China, an emerging market. Previous studies mainly focus on developed countries' high technology and financial industries sectors but the impact of IC in transportation industry largely remains unknown. Thus, the present findings contribute to IC literature by revealing several underlying mechanisms by which the components of IC help achieve good firm performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this think-piece, I reflect on what lessons innovation scholars and innovation policymakers in the developing world can draw from the COVID-19 crisis. While it has confirmed the fundamental importance of science and technology in coping with a major global challenge, it has also shown its limitations and the importance of institutions and organisational capabilities. While the crisis has demonstrated the necessity to build stronger national innovation systems (NSI) in the South, it has also simultaneously shown the need to go beyond national governance and move in the direction of a global innovation system. The COVID-19 crisis has reinforced new trends in technology and in global competition that challenge innovation system theory and innovation policy. The crisis stimulated the application and development of artificial intelligence and accelerated the concentration of intellectual capital in a handful of tech giants located in the US and China. While the volume of trade in digital services kept growing, there was a dramatic fall in the volume of global value chain trade in tangibles. These developments intensified the China-US rivalry and undermined transnational collaborations in science and technology. Countries in the South aiming at building stronger national innovation systems need to do so under new circumstances, where artificial intelligence is emerging as a strategic technology, where intellectual monopolies harvest data worldwide, where great powers are engaged in technological rivalry, and where linking up with global value chains for tangibles has become less of an option. One implication is that the issue of scale has become more critical than before; groupings of small and medium-sized countries need to integrate economically and politically in order to develop crucial digital capabilities and competitiveness. Such moves in the direction of forming transnational innovation systems are consonant with strategies to cope with global challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: With a growing demand for safe, clean and affordable energy, emerging economies (EEs) across the globe are now seeking to create and rapidly develop renewable energy (RE) businesses. The success of these businesses often hinges on their ability to translate RE into sustainable value for energy consumers and the multiple stakeholders in this industry. Such value includes low production costs due to an abundance of natural resources (e.g. wind, water and sunlight) and public health benefits from reduced environmental pollution. With that in mind, this paper aims to gauge RE's potential for sustainable value creation and then develop an effective RE business strategy. Design/methodology/approach: This paper develops a structural equation model, conducts an exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analyses with and without common latent factors and proposes a moderated mediation analysis to identify a host of factors that influence the success of RE businesses. Findings: This paper discovers that RE business performance is significantly affected by integrated vision, intellectual capital and social capital. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper is one of the first empirical studies that identify various factors influencing successful RE businesses in EEs such as Asian (e.g. China and India) and Latin American countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manufacturing organizations are threatening the earth and its wildlife because of their growing concern about environmental pollution and industrial waste. Hence, in the present study, the three potential solutions, Green Intellectual Capital, Environmental Management Accounting and Energy Efficiency, are evaluated for excelling the organizational operations towards business sustainability and attaining the Competitive Advantage. With the assistance of 'Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling' on the dataset of 364 respondents from the manufacturing organizations in China, the outcome reported the positive and significant impact of all of the studied potential solutions in excelling and enhancing business sustainability and competitive advantage. Based on the findings, it is proposed that manufacturing organizations need to apportion due attention to developing the green intellectual capital, improve the level of consumption of energy and need to disclose their environmental management through proper Environmental Management Accounting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As China has made it a top priority to enrich and upgrade its chip capabilities across the value chain, some international observers predict that China's semiconductor industry will eventually, if not immediately, surpass its foreign competitors. Others remain skeptical about its presumed tech supremacy for plausible but largely speculative reasons. Is the Chinese semiconductor industry a game-changer or a paper tiger? Is China's indigenous chip technology attractive to, and usable by, foreign technology? One way to look into these half-empty/half-full questions is to comparatively analyze chip patents granted by the US Patent and Trademark Office. The target domain of this study is integrated circuits (IC) technology, especially thin-film-transistor circuits, where China has recently registered a sharp growth in patent publications. Using the modified forward citation indices of panel display-related IC patents, this study examines whether and to what extent the quantitative growth in the Chinese semiconductor industry has been translated into a gravitational force to pull foreign industries within its sphere of influence. Estimation results of a zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis show that a Chinese chip patent has a fewer expected modified forward citation index than a non-Chinese patent. These findings indicate that the technological gap between China and advanced countries will take longer to close despite China's accelerated campaign for chip supremacy. This study concludes, with some caveats, that China faces the dual challenge of achieving higher productivity and greater self-reliance, while having to survive in the escalating technological competition with other advanced countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examines whether the national innovative city pilot policy (NICP) influences urban entrepreneurship (UE). To examine the underlying causal mechanism, this study modeled the city-level intellectual capital index and financing capacity (FC) in the relationship between NICP and UE. Design/methodology/approach: An empirical model of NICP, intellectual capital, FC and entrepreneurship is conceptualized based on theoretical analysis. Using a quasi-natural experiment of China's NICP, with a sample of 280 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2018, propensity score matching with difference-in-differences (PSM-DID) is used to empirically test the NICP's impact on UE, mediating effects of intellectual capital and moderation effects of FC. Findings: The results show that the NICP can significantly motivate UE. Intellectual capital plays mediating effects on the relationship between NICP and UE. Moreover, the NICP and intellectual capital's effects on UE are moderated by FC. Practical implications: This study provides an important reference for promoting UE through intellectual capital and FC in the construction of the NICP. Originality/value: This is a pioneering study that develops a theoretical model to incorporate NICP, intellectual capital, FC and UE. This paper applies experimental governance theory in innovative urban scenarios, and verifies its applicability and particularity in the Chinese context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Focusing on the important representative of firm intellectual capital (IC), this research explores the effects of chief executive officer's (CEOs') managerial human capitals on sustaining superior performance in Chinese transition economy to prove the dynamic and strategic value of IC and fulfill the gap of lacking emerging market studies in this research field. Design/methodology/approach: Based on dynamic managerial capability theoretical framework, the authors propose a dynamic management path to analyze the influencing mechanism of CEOs' managerial human capitals to firm performance persistence and the moderating effect of environment uncertainty. Using a panel data of Chinese publicly listed firms from 2008 to 2017, it adopts dynamic first-order autoregressive models to examine these hypotheses. Several tests are conducted to further analyze and ensure that the results are robust and reliable. Findings: These managerial human capitals reveal heterogenous impacts on sustaining superior performance, and environment uncertainty is a valid moderating variable to further distinguish their dynamic values. The supplementary analyses show the integrating effect of an MBA degree and output functional experience is positive and significant, and the results in Chinese state-owned and private firm subsamples are distinct. Practical implications: It is beneficial for corporate stakeholders to judge and select CEOs and for policymakers to improve the efficiency advantage of IC in Chinese emerging market. Originality/value: This study first explores the relationship between CEOs' managerial human capitals and superior performance persistence. Through introducing a dynamic perspective, it has extended existing performance persistence research into individual level and provided a new intellectual source of sustainable competitive advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to investigate the influence of female directors on Intellectual Capital Performance (ICP) using a sample of manufacturing-listed companies in China. Our study investigates the link between having two or more female directors and the Modified Value-Added Intellectual Coefficient (MVAIC) methodology, employing the critical mass theory from 2004–2017. We find that having a critical mass of female directors (three or more) shows a significant positive impact on MVAIC and its components, including human capital efficiency, structural capital efficiency, relational capital efficiency, and physical capital efficiency, with physical capital being the critical driver. Our study reveals that the critical mass participation of female directors substantially influences the IC efficiency of privately owned companies compared to state-owned companies. Moreover, the number of female directors also affects the IC performance of manufacturing companies in multiple regions. Our findings support the validity of group classification identified by Kanter and Critical Mass Theory. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the few pieces of research that studies the role of female board directors in IC performance and Chinese manufacturing firms using MVAIC as an IC measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of local investments in education on the economic growth of different regions in China. It examines both the direct and indirect effects of financial investments in education. It analyzes the role of human capital and intellectual capital as mediators in the relationship between education and economic growth. The study utilizes a panel data model and a model of mediating effects to conduct an empirical analysis using data from China between 2000 and 2018. The findings indicate that local financial investment in education significantly impacts economic growth, although the magnitude of this effect varies across regions. Investing in education directly stimulates economic growth and indirectly promotes it by accumulating human and intellectual capital. Therefore, increasing investment in education and nurturing innovative, high-level talent are crucial steps towards achieving high-quality economic development in China. The literature review reveals that investment in education has been extensively studied concerning economic growth, with scholars emphasizing the role of human capital in the production process and the positive effects of education on worker productivity and income equality. However, educational investment's impact on economic growth has shown variations in different countries and regions. Some studies suggest that excessive development of higher education may hinder local economic development, while others highlight the positive impact of educational inputs on human capital quality and technological innovation. To examine the causal mechanism explicitly, this paper proposes a causal inference model based on mediating effects, considering both human capital and intellectual capital as mediating variables. The research methodology includes a baseline regression model and a model of mediating products, employing panel data techniques and instrumental variable estimation to address endogeneity issues. The results of the baseline regression analysis support the positive relationship between local financial investment in education and economic growth, controlling for other factors such as capital stock, labour force, urbanization rate, trade dependence, and population growth. Furthermore, the mediating effects model suggests that education investment indirectly influences economic growth by enhancing human capital and promoting technological innovation. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how education affects regional economies in China. In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of education in driving high-quality economic development in China. It emphasizes the importance of increasing investment in education and fostering the development of innovative and highly skilled individuals. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to promote sustainable and inclusive economic growth through education reform and targeted investments in human capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using quarterly data from 2019Q1 to 2020Q3, this study aims to examine the impact of COVID-19 on intellectual capital (IC) performance of banks operating in China and Pakistan. Based on the data of 34 Chinese and 41 Pakistani banks, this study applies the fixed effect method to examine this relationship, and the value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) model is used to measure IC performance. The study shows a negative but insignificant influence of COVID-19 on IC performance of the banking sector in both countries. Likewise, the findings exhibit that IC components show resilience against COVID-19 and are slightly influenced by this crisis. The results are also consistent in robustness check. The cross-country comparison suggests that the performance of IC components in the Pakistani banking sector is higher compared to China. This is the first study that examines the impact of COVID-19 on IC performance of banks, and it might provide insights regarding the influence of crises such as COVID-19 on IC performance of banks in emerging economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the effect of intellectual capital on Chinese exporters' performance and the joint mediating effect of two-way capabilities to explain the relationships. With a sample of 197 firms responsible for exporting Chinese high-tech products, we empirically evaluated higher-order constructs in a partial least squares structural equation model using a two-stage approach. The results show that firms' intellectual capital generates dynamic capabilities, which lead human, structural, and relational capital to improve overseas export performance. Furthermore, the study shows risk management capability also has a complementary mediating role in improving overseas export performance. These findings point to the significant role of two-way capabilities, clarifying how risk management capabilities can be used to enhance export performance and highlighting the role of dynamic capabilities in leveraging export performance. Our findings hold managerial implications on how Chinese high-tech exporting businesses adapt to fast-changing environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to fill the research gap on the moderating effect of leadership empowerment on the relationship between relational capital and firms' innovation performance in the entrepreneurial ecosystem by addressing the following research questions: (1) How do different types of relational capital positively or negatively affect firms' innovation performance in China? (2) Does leadership empowerment play a moderating role in the above relationship? Design/methodology/approach: Using data derived from the firms distributed in eastern, central and western China, the authors study the impact of relational capital, one of the dimensions of intellectual capital, on firms' innovation performance in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Based on firms' operation process regarding the relationships with their external stakeholders, the authors divided relational capital into three aspects: trust, reciprocity and transparency. Furthermore, leadership empowerment is taken as the moderating variable in the above theoretical relationship. Findings: There is significant evidence that trust, reciprocity and transparency have positive impact on firms' innovation performance. Leadership empowerment positively moderates the impact of trust and reciprocity on innovation performance. However, there is no significant moderating effect of leadership empowerment on the relationship between transparency and innovation performance. Originality/value: In the era of the knowledge economy, the entrepreneurial ecosystem is a critical foundation for firms to improve their innovation capacity and performance, and intellectual capital is one of the most imperative drivers in terms of firms' innovation performance. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated thoroughly concerning the relationships among the entrepreneurial ecosystem, intellectual capital and innovation performance. As this study explores the relationships among the above three factors, it may have profound theoretical and practical significance for firms to extent external relationship networks, improve their innovation performance and strengthen their core competencies, which is of great significance to facilitate the construction of entrepreneurial ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the relationship between intellectual capital, supply chain learning, and supply chain adaptability. Specifically, relying on organizational learning theory, a research model is proposed linking intellectual capital (consisting of the trichotomy of human, organizational, and social capital), supply chain learning (consisting of supplier learning and customer learning) and supply chain adaptability. We scrutinize these relationships in two culturally-diverse contexts, China and USA, and develop hypotheses concerning the differences in the relative strengths of these relationships. Data from 300 Chinese and 229 USA manufacturers in high-tech industries are used to test these hypotheses. While the relationships are generally supported, especially insightful are the results where they differ between the two countries. While human capital is more important in influencing organizational capital in USA, social capital is more important in China. Social capital also plays a more significant role in influencing customer learning in China, while no statistical differences are detected in social capital's influence on supplier learning across the two countries. The divergence observed can be explained by the cultural differences between the two countries. Implications are provided for managers in both countries to improve supply chain adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venture capital syndication (VCS), an investment model, is gaining increasing attention. This paper uses a new perspective on knowledge transfer to explore the influence mechanism of knowledge heterogeneity in VCS on the innovation performance (IP) of entrepreneurial firms. We use firm-year panel data from the Shenzhen Stock Exchange for 2000–2017 and find that the knowledge heterogeneity of VCS includes, at least, management knowledge heterogeneity, investment knowledge heterogeneity, and technical knowledge heterogeneity. In particular, management knowledge heterogeneity and technical knowledge heterogeneity positively affect the IP of entrepreneurial firms. We further find that the intellectual capital (IC) of entrepreneurial firms mediates these positive relationships. Moreover, the equity concentration of VCS positively moderates the relationship between knowledge heterogeneity and IP and negatively moderates the relationship between knowledge heterogeneity and IC. This paper provides a new theoretical explanation of the relationship between VCS and IP of entrepreneurial firms from a knowledge transfer perspective and explores the impact paths of this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous literature revealed that the lack of knowledge resources and the existence of an assimilation gap may be responsible for the high failure rate in the Inter-Organizational Information Systems (IOS) post-adoption stage of value co-creation. Drawing on social capital theory and knowledge-based theory, this paper aims to explore how structural (social interaction), relational (trust), and cognitive (shared IOS vision) capital influences knowledge acquisition among key partners and further improves IOS assimilation and value co-creation. The hypotheses, proposed in this work, were tested by partial least squares (PLS) analysis of 150 sets of survey data conducted in Chinese companies. The obtained results suggest that all three aspects of social capital have an indirect, yet significant influence on IOS assimilation and IOS value co-creation. This study argues that, knowledge acquisition plays a fully mediating role in structural capital and relational capital effect on IOS assimilation and IOS value co-creation. From the same stance, it adds that knowledge acquisition has a partial mediation effect on the cognitive capital-IOS assimilation link and cognitive capital-IOS value co-creation link. Moreover, the work at hand presumes that, if implemented effectively, IOS assimilation sets fourth IOS value co-creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the five largest industries in China, the automotive industry may well become a prosperous market of production and a large consumer market, but with the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, automotive companies have suffered great losses. How to maintain financial competitiveness (FC) through innovation and knowledge after this calamity has become an area of focus for researchers and practitioners. By analyzing listed Chinese automotive companies over the period 2013-2018, the research focus is to determine the non-linear effect of intellectual capital (IC) on FC. IC is measured by the modified Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (MVAIC) model, and FC is measured through a comprehensive index system. The results reveal a cubic relationship between IC and FC. In addition, physical, innovation, and relational capitals have an S-shaped relationship with FC, whereas human capital has an inverted S-shaped curve. The non-linear effect of SC on FC is not significant. It is recommended that managers optimize investment in IC to drive FC in organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of flexibility as a characteristic of HR systems has been long recognized. Yet, very little work has attempted to conceptualize and measure it for examining desirable outcomes such as innovation. We draw from the theory of dynamic capabilities to develop a testable model. We contribute by theorizing and empirically examining the influence of flexibility-oriented HRM (FHRM) systems on intellectual capital, and by examining the mediating role of intellectual capital in the relationship between FHRM and innovativeness. We test our model using samples from China and India and show support for the hypotheses. Our findings show a specific set of relationships between two FHRM components – Coordination-flexibility-oriented HRM and Resource-flexibility oriented HRM – and the three components of intellectual capital – human, social, and organizational capital. We also find that intellectual capital mediates the relationship between FHRM and firm innovativeness. We discuss findings, limitations, and future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Technological firms increasingly depend on open innovation to compete in hypercompetitive markets. To openly engage the creativity of a multitude of private actors, firms can rely on crowdsourcing. Crowdsourcing challenges global companies as they span organizational boundaries to attract multiple local partners. Global companies must engage in boundary spanning to successfully communicate and create a sense of community with smaller local partners despite status and cultural differences. The collaboration between Google and developers in China deserves to be studied in particular, because it operates within a restricted market. Design/methodology/approach: This paper argues that crowdsourcing for innovation on a global scale requires effective boundary spanning capabilities. These boundary-spanning practices ensure smooth cooperation with the crowd and solve problems relating to differences in status and organizational contexts. This study applies Bourdieu's theory of practice including the concept of capital (economic, intellectual, social and symbolic) to understand the social relationships between Google and a growing community of Chinese developers. It also draws on a case study including ten semistructured interviews, which have been triangulated with internal documents and data from selected websites. Findings: Four types of capital (symbolic, intellectual, social and economic) have been identified as important devices to understand the sources of power and the stakes of Googlers and developers in the joint field. These types of capital contribute to structure the social fields in which developers and Google cooperate and their practice. The success of the collaboration between Google and Chinese developers can arguably be attributed to Google's ability to create boundary-spanning activities in order to reduce the endowment differential in the four types of capital and improve their communication. Therefore, this research provides a deep and conceptualized description of boundary-spanning practices, as well as providing a useful contribution for managers involved in crowdsourcing via platform in culturally different markets. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of this study is methodological in nature, relating to the absence of interviews with board members of Google China who are reluctant to speak about Google activities in China for political raisons. This restriction is partly counterbalanced by the analysis of publicly available secondary data such as news and communications. Practical implications: This research has generated practical recommendations for managers of organizations, which require optimal boundary spanning for crowdsourcing. Managers must understand the different sources of social boundaries between their organization and the crowd. The crowd should be segmented into smaller groups with distinctive identities, and organizations should systematically design boundary-spanning activities to address each boundary of each segment. The boundary-spanning activities involve a specific set of tools, programs and platforms to address the target group. Efficient boundary spanning depends on the necessity to select boundary spanners with high cultural intelligence and communication skills. Social implications: This paper draws on Bourdieu's theory of practice to investigate the role of boundary spanning in crowdsourcing for innovation, specifically in the joint field between Google and Chinese developers. This research reveals how boundary objects such as developer documents, websites, programs and events are essential for developers to be able to participate on Google's platform. Companies should be prepared to invest in the design and delivery of boundary-spanning activities and objects, knowing that these are also a locus for negotiation with local partners. Originality/value: This research contributes to the literature by applying the boundary-spanner theory to Google crowdsourcing practices within a restricted market. Bourdieu's theory of practice has proven to be a potent perspective with which to better understand the positive role of boundary spanners in the joint field between Google and Chinese developers. Moreover, this practice perspective has not been used in prior research to highlight power relations in crowdsourcing for innovation. This study has shown that, in addition to boundary objects, boundary spanners can also contribute in the transfer of intellectual capital, which is the pivotal resource for boundary spanning in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of intellectual capital (IC) and its components (human, structural and relational capitals) on the performance of manufacturing listed companies in China. This paper also investigates the impacts of company ownership, industry attributes and region on the IC-performance relationship. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses the data of 953 manufacturing companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges over the period 2012–2016. The modified value-added intellectual coefficient (MVAIC) model is applied to measure IC efficiency. Finally, multiple regression analysis is employed to test the research hypotheses. Findings: This study reveals that IC can enhance firm performance in China's manufacturing sector. Overall, earnings are affected by physical capital, human capital (HC) and structural capital (SC), and profitability and productivity are influenced by physical capital, HC, SC and relational capital. Physical capital is the most influential contributor to firm performance. In addition, state-owned enterprises have a greater impact of IC on firm performance than private-owned enterprises; high-tech manufacturing companies have higher IC performance than non-high-tech manufacturing companies; manufacturing companies in China's eastern region have higher IC performance than the counterparts in central and western regions. Practical implications: The findings may help managers, stakeholders and policymakers in developing countries to effectively and efficiently manage their IC resources. Originality/value: This is the first study to evaluate IC and its relationship with firm performance among Chinese manufacturing listed companies using the MVAIC model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine how the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and bank profitability changed during COVID-19. Based on the data of 34 Chinese banks and 39 Pakistani banks, this study uses ordinary least squares (OLS) to examine this relationship during the COVID-19 era. Profitability is measured by return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), and IC is measured by the value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) model. The findings show that, even during the COVID-19 pandemic, IC has managed to sustain its positive influence on bank profitability in China and Pakistan. Among IC components, our study reports that human capital is the only IC resource that continues to enhance ROA and ROE of Chinese and Pakistani banks during the pandemic period. Our study suggests that policymakers should pay more attention to IC resources, which has the potential to improve banks' profitability even during crisis times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internet medical industry is a new direction of the medical industry; however, internet medical enterprises have been going through a reshuffling period after 2016 and urgently need to improve their performance. The main aim of this study was to reveal the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) configurations and firm performance and guide ideal IC configuration decision to improve the performance of internet medical enterprises in China. First, a mechanism model was constructed to reveal the effects of IC configurations on firm performance, which is contribution to enrich IC configuration theory research. Then, fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to guide its IC configurations selection currently using data from internet medical enterprises in China from 2012 to 2019. The research is contribution to enrich application research of IC configuration. The results show that IC affects firm performance by means of the configuration; currently ideal IC configurations selection of the internet medical industry should pay attention to human, relationship and physical capital; period and specific business will both affect the choice of IC configuration. The results of this study can deepen managers' understanding of IC configurations and guide ideal IC configurations selection in the internet medical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The failure ratio of new ventures across the globe pushes researchers towards finding solutions, but the response is not effective. This research project surveyed 297 new manufacturing enterprises from China to find factors that significantly contribute to the success of new ventures. The results indicated that intellectual capital significantly sustains performance and sustainable competitive advantage in new ventures. The relationship between intellectual capital and new venture performance is partially mediated by a sustainable competitive advantage. Information technology capabilities do not positively impact new venture performance and competitiveness. Entrepreneurial orientation has a significant influence on differentiation strategy and new venture performance. Sustainable competitive advantage does not mediate the path between entrepreneurial orientation and new venture performance, but it fully mediates the association between market orientation and new venture performance. This study recommends that new enterprises focus on intellectual capital, entrepreneurial orientation, and market orientation to acquire a sustainable position in the competitive market. New ventures should also evaluate their technological capabilities to understand why they do not play a vital role. Further implications have been stated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In transitional economies, government support (GS) is considered to influence the development of the economy and industries and, consequentially, firms' intellectual capital (IC). However, empirical research has yet to explore the micro-mechanisms through which GS operates. Hence, the purpose of this study is to conduct an empirical inquiry into the specific role of GS on IC, considering the mediating effect of firm operational performance (OP). Design/methodology/approach: Combining the institution-based theory, the resource orchestration paradigm and a dynamic perspective on IC, a new framework is constructed to evaluate the direct and indirect relationships existing among GS policies, firms' operational performance and IC. These processes and their outcomes are evaluated using mediating models with three steps and a panel regression based on panel data from 3,211 high-tech companies operating in China from 2008 to 2015. Findings: Empirical findings confirm the existence of a significant direct relation between GS and IC and also suggest a mediating effect through operational performance. Originality/value: (1) GS can be considered an institutional signal that boosts the attractiveness of a firm, thus enabling it to hire talent (human capital), build a wide network of relationships in the ecosystem (structural capital) and enhance its current relationships with financial service institutions and other stakeholders (relational capital). (2) This study, which considers GS an external resource, is one of the first attempts to explore how external resources influence firms' IC development through institutional pressures and mechanisms. The study confirms that multiple strategies exist through which government authorities and policymakers can influence firms' IC and in particular a combination of institutional factors and firm's resources and capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is no doubt that successful organizations tend to be those that persistently innovate, believing on new technologies and emphasizing on abilities and knowledge of their employees. Knowledge has become one of the most imperative intangible assets of financial institutions in recent years. The aspiring organizations have recognized that Intellectual Capital Efficiency is important in promoting the performance of financial institutions. This paper tests the relationship between intellectual capital and performance using a sample of 76 financial institutions from Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan over the period 2006–2016. The results show that intellectual capital efficiency has a significant and positive impact on the profitability of financial institutions, while human capital and structural capital are not significantly related to the performance of financial institutions in Taiwan and Hong Kong. The present research extends the knowledge of intellectual capital between managers, academicians, and highlights its contribution to the value creation. These results determine that the financial institutions need to emphasize on the elements of intellectual capital, to enhance the best financial performances in these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to systematically analyse the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and firm performance measured through earnings, profitability, corporate return, sales growth, productivity, and market value. The modified Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (MVAIC) is used as a measure of IC. Multiple regression models are employed with data drawn from a sample of 204 Chinese pharmaceutical listed companies during 2013–2018. The findings suggest that the aggregate IC exerts a positive impact on firms' earnings, profitability, corporate return, and productivity. Astonishingly, IC has a negative impact on market value and no impact on sales growth. Regarding IC components, physical capital and human capital (HC) are the main contributors to firm performance. In addition, structural capital (SC), relational capital (RC), and innovation capital are the least-developed elements of IC. Our results extend the understanding of IC in the context of China and provide some insights for management and shareholders to evaluate corporate intangible investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study attempts to explore how a cultural and creative firm's competitive advantages can be maintained through the accumulation of intellectual capital and entrepreneurial orientation. Another goal of this study is to identify the different mechanisms of network ties to explore the interrelationships between organizational capital and competitive advantage in the context of Taiwan and China. Design/methodology/approach: Study 1 and study 2 settings are applied, and 786 samples (i.e., 418 samples from Taiwan and 368 samples from China) are used to examine the proposed model. Findings: Study 1 reveals that entrepreneurial orientation may influence the organization capital through human capital and social capital, which discloses the mutual relationships of intellectual capital. Further, the results of study 2 confirm the mediating role of intellectual capital that links the relationships between entrepreneurial orientation and competitive advantage. Specifically, this study also discovered that firms with more network or political ties (e.g. the Chinese samples) and business ties (e.g. the Taiwanese samples) tend to amplify the effects of organizational capital on competitive advantage. Practical implications: According to our empirical results, cultural and creative managers should build a learning mechanism to encourage and develop entrepreneurial orientation and intellectual capital capacities and to provide means of understanding of customers' changing expectations. Hence, in enhancing entrepreneurial orientation and intellectual capital cultural and creative firms can develop a competitive advantage over competitors. Our findings also offer new insight to support further studies of the benefits of managerial ties for firms operating in Guanxi cultural settings in Chinese contexts. Originality/value: Most previous studies on tourism strategies have disregarded the impacts and different roles of government (e.g. political ties) and business (e.g. business ties) forces on cultural and creative firms' competitive advantages, suggesting a need to address social network issues in response to dynamic tourism environments. Therefore, this study examines differences in network ties and the differences observed between China and Taiwan in the context of Chinese cultural and creative firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intellectual capital (IC) is reckoned as a significant driving force of competitive advantage and financial sustainability of any organization. The study's objective is to explore the nonlinear effect of IC and its components on financial performance (FP) of China's listed shipping companies over a six-year period (2014–2019). The modified Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (MVAIC) model is used to systematically assess IC. The empirical results show an inverted U-shaped relationship between the aggregate IC and FP (measured through return on assets). Regarding IC components, human, relational, and innovation capitals have an inverted U-shaped relationship with FP, while the quadratic relationship between structural capital and FP is not significant. In addition, physical capital has a U-shaped relationship with FP. This study will offer some new insights for corporate managers to improve firms' FP by effectively utilizing their IC resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The boundaries between art and handicrafts are rarely clear-cut. Today, in the age of heritage protection in contemporary China, the transition from craftsmen to artist is particularly noticeable and fraught. Usually it is the attributes of products (i.e., tradition or indigenousness, creativity or innovation) that determines whether the products' producers are artists or craftspeople. However, the producer's background and the general cultural contexts in which the products are made are also important factors that influence the crossing between these boundaries. An ethnographic field study of folk root carving in the central China highlands reveals three key dimensions concerning the transition from handicrafts to art in this context: increasing one's intellectual capital; paying less heed to craft-rigidity (jiangqi), or deskilling; and developing relationships with well-known public figures; all of which have been spurred on by current heritage protection projects. While assisting individual craftsmen in crossing the boundary from handicrafts to art at a micro level, these heritage projects have contributed to the maintenance of such a boundary at the macro level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'global race for talent' has drawn immense attention from academics, policy-makers and the media. China is on both sides of the race. On the one hand, rapid economic growth has created the opportunity for many affluent and middle-class families to send their children abroad for higher education while stimulating intense internal migration for education and/or career opportunities. On the other hand, to affirm its (re-)emergence as an economic giant, China has begun recruiting talent from abroad, gradually forsaking its traditional role as a brain-drain country to become an exemplar of brain circulation. This paper elaborates an 'intellectual migration' conceptual framework that asserts both higher-education and highly skilled migration is a dynamic process that occurs along a spectrum where migration stages intersect with life transitions. Arguing that intellectual migration should be analysed as a continuum, we provide evidence from our own empirical work and the literature to ascertain its relevancy and applicability to China at this juncture and suggest a more integrative approach to analysing the framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the moderating role of IT capability between green intellectual capital (GIC) and business sustainability in China's manufacturing sector. A quantitative analysis approach is applied to the primary data collected through a close-ended survey questionnaire from 1000 supply chain employees of China's manufacturing industry. Results revealed that the association and effect of GIC on the business sustainability of Chinese manufacturing companies were statistically significant, while the moderating role of IT capability between GIC and business sustainability was also found. Notably, all variables indicating GIC (i.e., green human capital (GHC), green structural capital (GSC), and green relationship capital (GRC)) affected business sustainability positively and significantly, whereas the moderation of IT capability was specific to GSC and GRC. Hence, it has been recommended to the Chinese manufacturing companies to integrate IT infrastructure in their firms to enhance business sustainability. However, this research was limited to the Chinese manufacturing sector and cannot be generalized to other sectors or countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how investment in intellectual capital (IC) elements by textile and apparel companies improves firm performance measured in terms of profitability, market value, and productivity. The modified value-added intellectual coefficient (MVAIC) model is applied to measure IC. Using a panel of 35 Chinese textile and apparel companies for a six-year period (2013–2018), the results show that physical and human capitals are the strong factors that contribute to firm performance. In addition, relational capital negatively influences profitability and market value, and structural capital and innovation capital have a negative impact on employee productivity. We also find that the MVAIC model performs better in measuring IC than the original value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) model. This paper can provide some insights for corporate managers to enhance firm performance and gain competitive advantage by proper utilization of IC in traditional industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the relationship between intellectual capital (measured by manually constructed human capital and organizational capital) and firm innovation of Chinese listed firms. Empirical results show that human capital and organizational capital positively affect the R&D investment and the number of various patent applications. Moreover, the relationship between intellectual capital and innovation activities is influenced by macroeconomic factors, industry characteristics and firm heterogeneity. Therefore, intellectual capital has incentive effect and selection effect on firm innovation in typical developing countries, such as China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is intended to investigate the role of Venture-Capital Syndication (VCS) background in the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and portfolio firm performance (PFP); specifically, this article examines the moderating effect of VCS's leading firm background and member heterogeneity on the effect of IC on PFP. This study used a modified VAIC model to measure IC to compose a 4-component variable including human capital, structural capital, relational capital, and innovation capital. The data were collected from VCS-backed and listed firms in China during 2014 to 2018 applying the pooled OLS model for hypotheses test, Generalized Method of Moments (GMMs) to reduce endogeneity and unobserved factor control, and also return on equity (ROE) instead of ROA for the robustness test. Empirical results showed that IC and its components can improve PFP for VCS-backed firms in China; in detail, IC showed greater impact on performance of firms invested by foreign lead investors than in private or government VCS, specially reflected in the impact of innovation capital on PFP. Furthermore, IC showed weaker impact on PFP of mixed VCS-backed firms compared to pure VCS-backed firms and showed diminished effect on higher VCS member heterogeneity mainly reflected in the impact of relational capital on firm performance. These findings propose a new way of combining IC and VC to improve firm performance and are beneficial to theoretical development of IC and VC as well as a perspective for VC firm managers to choose suitable partners prior to join a VCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of intellectual capital (IC) on firm performance, considering the mediating role of innovation speed and quality. We develop a research model based on the IC perspective and innovation literature. We test the model by using structural equation modeling to analyze data collected from 328 high-technology firms in China. The results show that the three components of IC, namely human capital, structural capital, and relational capital, are positively related to innovation speed and quality, which in turn facilitate the operational and financial performance of a firm. The impacts of human and structural capital on financial performance are fully mediated by innovation speed and quality, whereas the impact of relational capital on financial performance is partially mediated. Innovation speed and quality partially mediate the effect of IC on operational performance. As one of the first studies to investigate how IC may influence firm performance through the mediating effects of innovation speed and quality, this study not only contributes to HRM literature on IC and innovation, but also offers managers with insights on how to align their HRM strategies and practices to develop IC when pursuing innovation and performance outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We adopt the approach/avoidance framework to examine the effects of core self-evaluation (CSE) on employee creativity. We argue that CSE affects all three components of individual intellectual capital (IIC), namely individual human capital (IHC), individual structural capital (ISC) and individual relational capital (IRC), which subsequently affect employee creativity. We also maintain that CSE exerts more direct influences on incremental creativity than on radical creativity. We surveyed 498 employees and their direct supervisors from various firms in China. Our results fully support the hypotheses. Our study offers new insight into personality, creativity and knowledge research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]