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The development and utilization of unconventional water resources has become a strategy to alleviate the agricultural water crisis in many countries and regions. To understand the research progress, hot spots, and future trends in the field of unconventional water agricultural irrigation (UWAI), this paper systematically analyzes 6738 publications based on the core database of Web of Science 1990–2023 using the scientific bibliometric analysis software CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Scimago Graphica. The results showed that the research on UWAI is always rapidly developing. Soil science, crop science, and bioengineering are the main disciplines involved. Most research on WUAI has occurred in China and the United States. Countries with higher levels of development tend to have more influence. Collaboration among authors is fragmented, and collaboration between authors and states needs to be strengthened. Through keyword analysis, the research hotspots are summarized as follows: (1) The effects of traditional and emerging pollutants brought by unconventional water irrigation on soil physicochemical properties, crop growth, and groundwater quality; (2) the health threats caused by pollutants entering the food chain and groundwater; (3) unconventional water utilization technologies, including rainwater harvesting agriculture, precision agriculture, and urban agriculture. Future research hotspots will focus on the mechanisms of pollutant solute transport and transformation in the water–soil–crop system under non-conventional water irrigation conditions and crop physiological responses. We suggest that the research on traditional and emerging pollutants in unconventional water should be strengthened in the future, and the risk control system of unconventional water irrigation should be improved. International cooperation should be strengthened, especially with poor countries in arid regions, to promote the formation of unified international standards and guidelines for non-conventional water irrigation in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our understanding of the lunar farside from orbital remote sensing is limited by the lack of ground-truth constraints from returned samples. China's Chang'e-6 (CE-6) mission plans to land at the southern rim of the Apollo basin in the South Pole-Aitken basin on the lunar farside and return ∼2 kg samples. In this study, we conduct analyses on the local geological context of the CE-6 candidate landing regions, with a focus on the non-mare ejecta. The CE-6 candidate landing region has been divided into three subunits. According to our analyses, the northeastern subunit is adjacent to the lowest elevation (and one of the highest excavation depth) of this region where the materials from the deepest crust may exist. The northwestern subunit is affected by the magnesian ejecta from young crater. Returning these non-mare ejecta will provide key insights into the magnesian lithologies that occurred in the lunar farside, whose petrogenesis is long debated. As for the southern light plains unit, a topographic positive feature (unofficially termed as Mons White) located at the west of the light plains is identified in this work. Three scenarios were proposed for its origin: (1) A volcanic complex built on special magmatism in the SPA basin; (2) Remnants of the central uplift of an ancient impact basin; (3) Target surface folded and uplifted by the Apollo basin impact event. Gradual lithological variations in the Mons White are discovered. The White crater has likely ejected materials with these gradual lithologies into the CE-6 candidate landing regions. The Orientale basin ejecta also exists on the light plains. These non-mare materials, if could be sampled by the CE-6 mission, will significantly help refine the lunar chronostratigraphic system from the pre-Nectarian/Aitkenian to the late Imbrian. Thus, we suggest that landing on the southern light plains will achieve the maximum scientific outcomes for the CE-6 mission, from a perspective of sample diversity. • We conduct analyses on the local geological context of the CE-6 candidate landing regions. • The northeastern subregion is adjacent to the Chawla crater where deep-seated materials may exist. • The northwestern subunit is affected by the magnesian ejecta from young crater. • A topographic positive feature located at the west of the candidate landing region is identified. • Three scenarios were proposed for the origin of the topographic positive feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of conflicting land-resource supply and demand, land-use efficiency is critical for sustainable urbanization. In this study, we unified the consistent boundaries of land, population, and economic development, identified urban expansion patterns (infilling, edge expansion and leapfrogging), and precisely estimated urban land-use efficiency (ULUE) in 260 Chinese cities from the perspective of dynamic expansion during 2000–2015. With the consideration of the dynamics of outward expansion and internal development of urban land, the results showed that China's main expansion pattern gradually shifted from edge expansion with lower ULUEs to infilling with higher ULUEs. Over the 15-year period, ULUEs in all expansion areas increased from 0.065–0.18 to 0.093–0.31. Inequity remained significant in terms of expansion patterns, built-up layers, regions and urban sizes. ULUE increased more quickly in the super-large cities of the central and western regions, whereas it increased more slowly in the northeast and even decreased in expansion built-up area formed during 2005–2010 (EBUA (2005–2010)). Importantly, ULUE decreased in most cities with edge expansion. Based on the findings, we concluded that the urbanization of China was progressing toward sustainability but still had room for improvement, and we suggested that policymakers should pay more attention to the complex, systemic nature of urban development. • Urban land, population, and economic boundaries were unified. • Inequity remained significant in terms of expansion patterns, built-up layers, regions and urban sizes. • China' s main expansion pattern gradually shifted from lower-efficiency edge expansion to higher-efficiency infilling. • Urban expansion land had limited ULUE development potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread to the whole world. Psychological and sleep problems among confirmed patients have drawn extensive attention which may be highly related to immune function and inflammatory responses of people. The aim of this study is to examine the correlation of mental health status, sleep quality, and inflammatory markers, virus negative conversion time (NCT) among confirmed patients during the COVID-19 outbreak.A cross-sectional survey was conducted in this study. Data from 66 patients assessed with demographic information, anxious symptom, depressive symptom, stress, and sleep quality were collected using a smartphone-based questionnaire platform and then clinical characteristics and laboratory indicators were collected using case review.Nearly 30% of the participants reported depression, anxiety, perceived pressure, and poor sleep quality. Compared with the group without depression, neutrophil count, and ratio of neutrophil count to lymphocyte count (NLR) in the depression disorder group were increased (P = .028, 0.043). There was also a significant difference in NLR and NCT between the anxiety group and the non-anxiety group (P = .021, .024). Similarly, compared with the good sleep quality group, NLR in the poor sleep quality group was increased (P = .011). Correlation analysis indicated that Self-Rating Depression Scale score was positively related to neutrophil count and NLR (r = 0.366, 0.330, P = .016, .031). The total score of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was negatively related to lymphocyte count (r = -0.317, P = .049), and the sleep disturbance as 1 of the 7 dimensions of PSQI scale was positively correlated with NCT and NLR (r = 0.370, 0.340, P = .020, .034).In our study, confirmed patients were prone to have psychological and sleep problems. The level of inflammation in patients with psychological and sleep problems was higher than that in patients without corresponding problems. The inflammatory level increased with the increase of Self-Rating Depression Scale score, and the lymphocyte count decreased with the increase of the PSQI score. NCT was prolonged in the anxiety group and sleep disturbance was positively correlated with NCT., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare and no financial interests with regard to this work., (Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Objective: To investigate the evaluation value of oxygenation index at different times of mechanical ventilation (MV) on the prognosis of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)., Methods: A retrospectively analysis was conducted. A total of 228 patients with ARDS admitted to Department of Emergency of China Medical University Affiliated First Hospital from February 2014 to June 2016 were enrolled. All patients underwent MV treatment, and recruitment maneuver (RM) was performed by pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) 30 minutes after the implementation of the protective ventilation strategy. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed at MV immediately, after RM and at 6, 12, 24 hours of MV, and oxygenation index was calculated. Vital signs, laboratory data, ultrasonic echocardiography, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, duration of MV, and ventilator related parameters of patients were collected. The patients were divided into survivors and non-survivors according to the prognosis of 28 days. The survivors were subdivided into high and low oxygenation group (oxygenation index was ≥ 150 mmHg and < 150 mmHg, respectively, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa). Differences in clinical indicators between survivors and non-survivors were compared. The correlation between the oxygenation index after RM and the oxygenation index at each time after MV was analyzed by bivariate correlation analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze predictive value of oxygenation index measured at different times for the 28-day outcome of patients with ARDS., Results: Among 228 patients, 99 patients died within 28 days, and 129 survived, with mortality rate of 43.4%. (1) The oxygenation index after RM and at 6, 12, 24 hours after MV in survivors and non-survivors showed a continuously increased tendency, which was significantly lower in non-survivors than that in survivors (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the duration of MV between high oxygenation group and low oxygenation group at MV immediately and after RM, but the duration of MV in high oxygenation group was significantly shorter than that of the low oxygenation group at 6, 12, 24 hour of MV (all P < 0.01). (2) After ventilation for 24 hours, serum creatinine (SCr), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), lactate (Lac), right ventricular internal diameter, and SOFA score in non-survivors were significantly higher than those of survivors, and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 ), platelet (PLT) and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) were significantly lower than those of survivors (all P < 0.05). (3) After 24 hours ventilation, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), tidal volume (VT), and minute ventilation (VE) in non-survivors were significantly higher than those of survivors, and static compliance of thorax (Cdyn) was significantly lower than that of survivors (all P < 0.01). (4) It was shown by correlation analysis that the oxygenation index after RM was positively correlated with those at 6, 12, 24 hours of MV (r values were 0.856, 0.765, and 0.758, respectively, all P < 0.001). (5) It was shown by ROC curve that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the oxygenation index after RM for predicting 28-day prognosis was 0.688. When the cut-off value was 80.75 mmHg, the sensitivity was 97.7%, and the specificity was 42.4%, which could only be used for preliminary judgment of prognosis. The AUC of oxygenation index at 6, 12, 24 hours of MV for 28-day survival of ARDS patients were 0.719, 0.727, 0.754, respectively. When the cut-off values were 171.50, 192.14, and 161.75 mmHg, the sensitivity was 69.8%, 67.4%, 86.0%, and the specificity was 78.8%, 78.8%, and 63.6%, respectively. It indicated that the predictive value was higher, and no significant difference was found among the oxygenation index at different time points., Conclusions: The oxygenation index after the early stage of RM can preliminarily determine the prognosis of patients. The predictive value of oxygenation index after MV for 28-day survival of ARDS patients was higher, so the oxygenation index measured at 6 hours of MV may be considered to evaluate the prognosis of patients with ARDS.