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Wetland ecosystems, recognized as important carbon sinks, face challenges due to climate change. Although wetland soil microorganisms play a major role in the wetland carbon cycle, the mechanisms influencing their spatial distribution remain elusive. Here, we investigate the impact of soil properties on the spatial distribution of soil microorganisms across five saline-alkali wetlands (Xianghai [XH], Niuxintaobao [NX], Momoge [MMG], Zhalong [ZL], and Halahai [HLH]) within the Songnen Plain, China. We utilized the Biolog-ECO method to assess the carbon metabolic activity, microbial diversity, and carbon source utilization preference of soil microorganisms. Using the structural equation model, we analyzed factors influencing microbial carbon metabolic activity and microbial diversity. Results indicate that southern wetlands harbor soil microbial communities exhibiting higher carbon metabolic activity, Shannon index, and substrate richness, compared to their northern counterparts. Specifically, soil microorganisms in NX and XH wetlands demonstrate a preference for labile organic carbon, whereas those in HLH and ZL wetlands preferred to use recalcitrant carbon. Furthermore, soil microbial carbon metabolic activity is primarily regulated by soil total nitrogen content, whereas soil microbial diversity is primarily regulated by soil salinity and alkalinity. Our findings revealed the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil microorganisms in the Songnen Plain wetland, contributing to understanding the maintenance mechanism of wetland carbon sink function. [Display omitted] • Soil microbial C metabolic activity was higher in the south wetland of Songnen Plain. • Soil microbes preferred to use recalcitrant C in the north wetland of Songnen Plain. • Soil microbial C metabolic activity was primarily affected by soil nitrogen content. • Soil microbial functional diversity was primarily regulated by soil salinity and alkalinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been demonstrated to predict mortality in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Vascular access (VA) is critical for MHD patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the change in HRQoL among MHD patients with a 2-year follow-up and to explore the impact of VA satisfaction on HRQoL in this population., Methods: 229 MHD patients in two dialysis centers were included in this observational prospective study. VA satisfaction was assessed using the Vascular Access Questionnaire (VAQ). The 36 Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire was employed to evaluate HRQoL scores. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors of HRQoL., Results: A total of 229 MHD patients were enrolled in the study, and 198 individuals (86.46%) completed the 2-year follow-up. HRQoL decreased statistically significantly from baseline to the 2-year follow-up across all dimensions. Multivariable analyses showed that the overall score, social functioning score, dialysis-related complication score of VAQ influenced HRQoL in the study population. Furthermore, HRQoL total scores and scores on the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) domains were significantly higher in the satisfied VA group than in the dissatisfied group at baseline. After the 2-year follow-up, patients with a higher level of VA satisfaction reported higher HRQoL than patients with lower VA satisfaction., Conclusion: Our data suggested that VA satisfaction was significantly associated with HRQoL in MHD patients. These findings imply that surgeons and nephrologists should incorporate patient satisfaction into VA surgical decision-making., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Taking the Minhang District of Shanghai as a typical rapidly urbanizing area, and based on 595 soil samples from 36 plots, the content of eight heavy metals in soils from five different land uses were analyzed. The ecological risk was evaluated using the Nemerow composite index and the potential ecological risk index. The results showed that the variation coefficients of the heavy metals Zn and Cd were highest, and were notably affected by human activities. The content of heavy metals in industrial land soil was relatively high compared to residential land and cultivated land soils, and heavy metal content was lowest in public management and service land soil. The Nemerow composite index of Zn and Cd was high, corresponding to severe and moderate levels of pollution, respectively. The other heavy metals were found at warning or light levels of pollution. The potential ecological risks posed by heavy metals in the soils from different land uses, in descending order, were heavy-metal-related industry land > non-heavy-metal-related industry land≈residential land > cultivated land≈public management and service land. Industrial land had a greater risk of heavy metal pollution due to industrial operations, complex historical production, and widely variable levels of management. Heavy metal accumulation also tended to occur in residential land and cultivated land soils. Therefore, the prevention of soil heavy metal pollution in association with different land uses, and the control of associated risks during redevelopment, are key challenges in rapidly urbanizing area.

In order to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment decision-making with traditional Chinese medicine for pa-tients of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) and put the latest clinical study evidence into clinical practice, the international trust-worthy traditional Chinese medicine recommendations( TCM Recs) working group started the compilation of Living Evidence-based Guideline for Combination of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Treatment of COVID-19 on the basis of the standards and re-quirements of WHO handbook, GRADE and RIGHT. This proposal mainly introduces the formulation methods and processes of the living guidelines in details, such as the composition of the working group, the collection and identification of clinical issues and out-comes, the production of the living systematic review and the consensus of recommendations. The guidelines will continue to monitor the clinical study evidences of TCM in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, and conduct regular evidence updating, retrieval and screening. When there is new study evidence, the steering committee will evaluate the possibility of the evidence to change clinical practice or previous recommendations, so as to decide whether the recommendations for the guidelines shall be implemented or upda-ted. The main criteria considered in the guideline updating are as follows:(1) There are new high-quality randomized controlled trial(RCT) evidences for TCM uninvolved in the previous edition of the guidelines;(2) as for the TCM involved in the guidelines, living sys-tematic review shows that new evidence may change the direction or strength of the existing recommendations. The specific implementation of the living evidence-based guidelines will take this proposal as the study basis and framework, in order to ensure the standardization of the formulation process and methods. This will be the first exploration of the methodology for living guidelines in the field of TCM.