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Background: Long-term regimens are widely used for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in North-West China; however, risk factors associated with the treatment outcomes are not well known. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of MDR-TB patients treated with longer regimen in Xi'an from 2017 to 2019. Risk factors associated with the treatment outcome were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: Of the 446 patients with MDR-TB included, 215 were cured, 84 completed treatment, 23 failed treatment, 108 were lost to follow-up, and 16 died. Unfavorable outcome risk factors were age > 40 years (OR = 3.25, 95% CI = 2.12– 4.98), male sex (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.52– 4.22), and re-treated tuberculosis (OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.11– 2.61), whereas poor treatment outcome risk factors were age > 40 years (OR = 5.51, 95% CI = 2.52– 12.07), fluoroquinolones not used in the regimen (OR = 3.31, 95% CI = 1.45– 7.51), and smear-positive (OR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.47– 10.8). Conclusion: In Xi'an, MDR-TB treatments with long-term regimens had low success rates, and age, sex, and tuberculosis treatment history were risk factors of MDR-TB treatment outcomes. Graphical [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the use of environmental samples to assess avian influenza virus activity in chickens at live poultry markets in China. Results of environmental and chicken samples correlate moderately well. However, collection of multiple environmental samples from holding, processing, and selling areas is recommended to detect viruses expected to have low prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Households in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, China, possess hazardous levels of fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 microns (PM2.5) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from coal combustion. Previous studies found that increased exposure to PM2.5 and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP; a PAH) were associated with decreased mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), a marker of oxidative stress. We further evaluated these associations in a cross-sectional study of 148 healthy non-smoking women from Xuanwei and Fuyuan. Personal exposure to PM2.5 and BaP was measured using portable devices. MtDNAcn was measured using qPCR amplification of leukocyte DNA that was collected after air measurements. Linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between personal exposure to PM2.5 and BaP, and mtDNAcn adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI) and fuel type. We found inverse associations between exposure to PM2.5 and BaP, and mtDNAcn. Each incremental log-µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with a significant decrease in mtDNAcn of -10.3 copies per cell [95% confidence interval (95% CI): -18.6, -2.0; P = 0.02]. Additionally, each log-ng/m3 increase in BaP was associated with a significant decrease in mtDNAcn of -5.4 copies per cell (95% CI: -9.9, -0.8, P = 0.02). Age, BMI, fuel type and coal mine type were not significantly associated with mtDNAcn. Exposure to PM2.5 and BaP may alter mitochondrial dynamics in non-smoking Chinese women. MtDNAcn may be a potential mediator of indoor air pollution on chronic disease development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We compared the detection frequency of avian influenza H7 subtypes at live poultry markets in Guangdong Province, China, before and after the introduction of a bivalent H5/H7 vaccine in poultry. The vaccine was associated with a 92% reduction in H7 positivity rates among poultry and a 98% reduction in human H7N9 cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic biological mechanism of Yisui Shengxue Granule (YSSXG), a complex Chinese medicine, on the hemolysis and anemia of erythrocytes from patient with thalassemia disease. Sixteen patients with thalassemia (8 cases of α-thalassemia and 8 cases of β-thalassemia) disease were collected and treated with YSSXG for 3 months. The improvements of blood parameter demonstrated that YSSXG had a positive clinical effect on patients with thalassemia disease. For patients with α-thalassemia disease, RT-PCR showed that YSSXG upregulated the relative mRNA expression level of α-globin to β-globin and downregulated DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b mRNA compared with pretreatment. Western blotting showed that YSSXG downregulated the expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3a. For patients with β-thalassemia disease, the relative expression level of Aγ-globin to γ-globin had an increasing trend and the level of BCL11A mRNA expression obviously increased. For all patients, RT-PCR showed that YSSXG upregulated mRNA expression of SPTA1 and SPTB. Activities of SOD and GSH-Px significantly increased and MDA obviously reduced on erythrocyte and blood serum after YSSXG treatment. TEM showed that YSSXG decreased the content of inclusion bodies. Activities of Na+K+-ATPtase and T-ATPtase of erythrocyte increased significantly after YSSXG treatment. This study provides the basis for mechanisms of YSSXG on thalassemia suffering with hemolysis and anemia of erythrocytes from patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes how Chinese rural migrant workers are left exposed to the contradictory regimes of rural and urban intimacy. The sensuous bodies of the workers have become the central stage for them to experience and perform competing sets of discourses about sex, love and marriage. It is neither a product of discursive discipline in the Foucauldian sense, nor is it an active body learning a socially acceptable presentation of self in the Goffmanian sense. Rather, it is a `communicative body' that is in the process of making itself. To use a theoretical metaphor, they are `naked' in the transient condition of urban modernity. The particular `nakedness' of rural migrant bodies in South China problematizes a simple rural/urban dichotomy by highlighting the inbetween-ness of migrants' experiences in the rapidly globalizing and pluralized discourses on intimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the effects of coping and social support on the adaptation to Type II diabetes mellitus of elder patients in China. Evaluation on the levels of depressive symptoms; Association of depressive symptoms with concealment of feelings; Significance of support from friends on the adaptation of diabetes mellitus.

The article informs that in the autumn of 1971, Little Yü, the daughter of Commander Yü of the Lin-ts'ang Military Region, graduated from lower middle school. She was now faced with the kind of question she had not encountered in school: whether she should continue her studies or go down to the countryside. She had grown up in the military camps, and had always wanted to become a Liberation Army soldier to defend the Motherland. Soon after, the hsien revolutionary committee called upon those educated youths who had decided against continuing their studies to go down and settle in the countryside. When she first arrived at the Ta-chai Production Team, she felt that the mountains were immense and inaccessible. But now she felt that the scenery was beautiful and the weather pleasant. The poor and lower-middle peasants were close to her, and she loved every single blade of grass and tree in the place. She was now beginning to have an understanding of the ideas and life of the laboring people, and she now knew how she should serve them and help to build up the mountain area. Whenever any of the women, after a day' s work in the fields, had difficulty in carrying her Inby up the mountainside, Little Yü would help her carry the child.

Many developed countries encourage the development of logistics industry, in which logistics parks play an important role. With the rapid development of logistics parks in China, the lack of scientific planning, the blind construction, the failure of matching economy development, and the coessential change cause some problems in recent year. The market vicious competition which is brought by lack of logistical effective needs and change of operating costs leads the development of logistics parks to "prisoner's dilemma". By using game theory, the article takes a deeper analysis on the coordinated development of logistics parks on the basis of complete information static, area and aggregation effects. Hotelling model is adopted to explore the reasons for the formation of logistics parks by comparing different sitting behaviors of logistics enterprises in different contexts. In order to get winwin status, logistics parks should pay attention to the coordination with others. Only by coordination can logistics enterprises have the large-scale effect, and achieve the purposes of cost saving and service quality improvement. Moreover, some basic ideas are proposed to solve problems for the development of logistic parks, the competition among logistics enterprises and coordination development among parks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Net primary productivity (NPP) is an indicator to reflect the production capacity of terrestrial ecosystems, as well as a key indicator for ecological quality. NPP at large scale is difficult to be measured. At present, most of the assessment of ecosystem quality uses NPP products with low resolution, which cannot capture the detailed characteristics of the ecosystem and is not conducive to the assessment of ecosystem quality at small-scale. The establishment of a rapid and efficient assessment method for small-scale ecosystem quality will greatly promote the protection and restoration of ecosystems in China. We focused on the calculation method of ecosystem quality assessment and NPP, and optimized the calculation process of the NPP, and obtained NPP by remote sensing without ground observation data. We established a regression model for remote sensing inversion of leaf area index, and estimated the vegetation coverage by using dimidiate pixel model, developed a set of methods for rapid assessment of ecosystem quality by remote sensing. Taking Nanwenghe National Nature Reserve as an example, we evaluated the change of ecosystem quality from 2001 to 2022. The results showed that from 2001 to 2022, the ecosystem qua-lity of the reserve was good as a whole, and that the area with good and excellent quality accounted for more than 85% in 2022. High vegetation coverage was the backbone of the sustainable good ecosystem quality of the reserve. From 2001 to 2022, ecosystem quality of the reserve showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, with the lowest point of ecosystem quality in 2013. This method had achieved good results in the evaluation of ecosystem quality in Nanwenghe National Nature Reserve. The index optimization method proposed in this study could facilitate the rapid and accurate assessment of ecosystem quality in small-scale regions, and thus provides technical reference for the precise improvement of ecosystem quality.

A new Gram-negative, rod-shaped, flagellated bacterium was isolated from soil in the Guishan, Xinping County, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, China, and named YIM B01952 T . Growth occurred at 10-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and with up to ≤ 5.0% (w/v) NaCl on Tryptic Soy Broth Agar (TSA) plates. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and draft-genome sequence showed that strain YIM B01952 T belonged to the genus Pseudomonas, and was closely related to the type strain of Pseudomonas alcaligenes (sequence similarity was 98.8%). The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value between strain YIM B01952 T and the parallel strain P. alcaligenes ATCC 14909 T was 49.0% based on the draft genome sequence. The predominant menaquinone was Q-9. The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω6c and/or C 18:1 ω7c), summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω6c and/or C 16:1 ω7c) and C 16:0 . The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylglycerol. The genome size of strain YIM B01952 T was 4.341 Mb, comprising 4156 predicted genes with a DNA G + C content of 66.4 mol%. In addition, we detected that strain YIM B01952 T had some traditional functional genes (plant growth promotion and multidrug resistance), unique genes through genome comparison and analysis with similar strains. Based on genetic analyses and biochemical characterization, the strain YIM B01952 T was identified as a novel species in the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas subflava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B01952 T (=CCTCC AB 2021498 T  = KCTC 92073 T )., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

In this study, a novel aerobic mesophilic bacterial strain with capable of degrading chitin, designated YIM B06366 T , was isolated and classified. The rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, on-spore-forming bacterium originated from rhizosphere soil sample collected in Kunming City, Yunnan Province, southwest PR China. Strain YIM B06366 T exhibited growth at temperatures between 20 and 35 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 6.0). The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain YIM B06366 T was most closely related to type strain Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 T (98.9%). Phylogenetic analysis based on genome data indicated that strain YIM B06366 T should be assigned to the genus Chitinolyticbacter. The Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA Hybridization (dDDH) values between strain YIM B06366 T and the reference strain Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 T were 84.4% and 27.7%, respectively. The major fatty acids included Summed Feature 3 (C 16:1 ω6c/C 16:1 ω7c), Summed Feature 8 (C 18:1 ω6c/C 18:1 ω7c), and C 16:0 . The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, aminophospholipids, and two unidentified phospholipids. The predominant menaquinone was Q-8, and the genomic DNA G + C content was 64.1%. Considering the polyphasic taxonomic evidence, strain YIM B06366 T is proposed as a novel species within the genus Chitinolyticbacter, named Chitinolyticbacter albus sp. nov. (type strain YIM B06366 T  = KCTC 92434 T  = CCTCC AB 2022163 T )., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

A new aerobic bacterial strain, designated strain YIM B02290 T , was isolated from the soil of Machangqing, Dali city, Yunnan Province, China. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped, and motile with peritrichous flagella. Strain YIM B02290 T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Brevibacillus laterosporus (97.6%) and Brevibacillus halotolerans (97.6%). The ANI and dDDH values between strain YIM B02290 T and the two reference strains Brevibacillus laterosporus LAM00312 T and Brevibacillus halotolerans DSM 25 T are 72.6% and 72.2%, 20.2% and 19.5% based on the draft genome sequence, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids contain anteiso-C 15: 0 and iso-C 15: 0 . The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was identified as menaquinone-7. The main polar lipids of strain YIM B02290 T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid, phosphatidyl monomethylethanolamine. The genomic DNA G + C content was 40.6 mol%. All results showed that strain YIM B02290 T represents a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus, for which the name Brevibacillus daliensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B02290 T (= CCTCC AB 2021094 T  = CGMCC 1.18802 T  = KCTC 43376 T )., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria strain, named YIM B01951 T , was isolated from a forest soil sample collected from Mopan Mountain National Forest Park, Xinping City, Yunnan Province, southwest PR China (101°58'06" N, 23°03'02" E). Growth occurred at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 6.5) and with up to ≤ 3.0% (w/v) NaCl on Nutrient Agar plates. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain YIM B01951 T was closely related to the type strain of Cohnella arctica M9-62 T (96.5%) and Cohnella lupini RLAHU4B T (96.3%). YIM B01951 T contains anteiso-C 15:0 and iso-C 16:0 as the major cellular fatty acids; the main polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), lysylphosphatidylglycerol (PGL) and five aminophospholipids (APL). The MK-7 is the major respiratory quinone and the DNA G + C content is 49.2 mol%. Based on these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain YIM B01951 T is considered to be a novel species of the genus Cohnella, and named Cohnella mopanensis sp. nov. The type strain is YIM B01951 T (= NBRC 115331 T  = KCTC 43370 T )., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: It is very important for breast cancer patients undergoing surgery to choose an opioid that has little effect on the immune system. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of dezocine or sufentanil on postoperative pain and Th1/Th2 balance in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery., Methods: Data from 92 breast cancer patients from January 2019 to July 2020 at Foshan Second People's Hospital (Guangdong, China) were analyzed. Sufentanil (SF) was used in group SF (n = 44) and dezocine (DE) in group DE (n = 48). The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were assessed, and the percentages of Th1 cells and Th2 cells in peripheral blood were detected before anesthesia and at 2, 12, 24, and 48 hours after surgery., Results: There was no significant difference in the VAS scores between the two groups at 2, 24, and 48 hours after surgery (P > 0.05). The VAS scores at 12 hours after surgery in group DE were significantly lower than those in group SF with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The percentage of Th1 cells in group DE at 2, 12, 24, and 48 hours after surgery was significantly lower than that in group SF (P < 0.05). The percentage of Th2 cells in group DE at 2, 12, 24, and 48 hours after surgery was significantly lower than that in group SF (P < 0.05). The Th1/Th2 ratio at 2, 12, 24, and 48 hours after surgery was significantly higher in group DE than that in group SF (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Dezocine for anesthesia induction and postoperative analgesia can maintain the balance of Th1/Th2 more stable than, with the same analgesia efficacy as, sufentanil during the early postoperative period in breast cancer patients undergoing surgery., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2021 Hu et al.)

Aim: To investigate prescribing pattern in low-dose aspirin users and physician awareness of preventing aspirin-induced gastrointestinal (GI) injury with combined protective medications., Methods: A retrospective drug utilization study was conducted in the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University. The hospital has 2300 beds and 2.5 million outpatient visits annually. Data mining was performed on all aspirin prescriptions for outpatients and emergency patients admitted in 2011. Concomitant use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine 2-receptor antagonists (H2RA) and mucoprotective drugs (MPs) were analyzed. A defined daily dose (DDD) methodology was applied to each MP. A further investigation was performed in aspirin users on combination use of GI injurious medicines [non-steoid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids and clopidogrel and warfarin] or intestinal protective drugs (misoprostol, rebamipide, teprenone and gefarnate). Data of major bleeding episodes were derived from medical records and adverse drug reaction monitoring records. The annual incidence of major GI bleeding due to low-dose aspirin was estimated for outpatients., Results: Prescriptions for aspirin users receiving PPIs, H2RA and MPs (n = 1039) accounted for only 3.46% of total aspirin prescriptions (n = 30 015). The ratios of coadministration of aspirin/PPI, aspirin/H2RA, aspirin/MP and aspirin/PPI/MP to the total aspirin prescriptions were 2.82%, 0.12%, 0.40% and 0.12%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed in age between patients not receiving any GI protective medications and patients receiving PPIs, H2RA or MPs. The combined medication of aspirin and PPI was used more frequently than that of aspirin and MPs (2.82% vs 0.40%, P < 0.05) and aspirin/H2RA (2.82% vs 0.12%, P < 0.05). The values of DDDs of MPs in descending order were as follows: gefarnate, hydrotalcite > teprenone > sucralfate oral suspension > L-glutamine and sodium gualenate granules > rebamipide > sucralfate chewable tablets. The ratio of MP plus aspirin prescriptions to the total MP prescriptions was as follows: rebamipide (0.47%), teprenone (0.91%), L-glutamine and sodium gualenate granules (0.92%), gefarnate (0.31%), hydrotalcite (1.00%) and sucralfate oral suspension (0.13%). Percentages of prescriptions containing aspirin and intestinal protective drugs among the total aspirin prescriptions were: rebamipide (0.010%), PPI/rebamipide (0.027%), teprenone (0.11%), PPI/teprenone (0.037%), gefarnate (0.017%), and PPI/gefarnate (0.013%). No prescriptions were found containing coadministration of aspirin and other NSAIDs. Among the 3196 prescriptions containing aspirin/clopidogrel, 3088 (96.6%) prescriptions did not contain any GI protective medicines. Of the 389 prescriptions containing aspirin/corticosteroids, 236 (60.7%) contained no GI protective medicines. None of the prescriptions using aspirin/warfarin (n = 22) contained GI protective medicines. Thirty-five patients were admitted to this hospital in 2011 because of acute hemorrhage of upper digestive tract induced by low-dose aspirin. The annual incidence rates of major GI bleeding were estimated at 0.25% for outpatients taking aspirin and 0.5% for outpatients taking aspirin/warfarin, respectively., Conclusion: The prescribing pattern of low-dose aspirin revealed a poor awareness of preventing GI injury with combined protective medications. Actions should be taken to address this issue.