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This is a project report to introduce the Comprehensive Sexuality Education Technical Guideline—Adaptation of Global Standards for Potential Use in China (First Edition) (hereafter referred to as the Guideline) as the first adaptation of the International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education (ITGSE) in China. The project was supported by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) from 2018 to 2022. The development process included rounds of participatory consultation, validation, and revisions led by the project team and a group of technical advisers from diverse backgrounds. The Guideline is developed to respond to the increasing demands of a technical tool integrating international standards and local context that can be used by all comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) stakeholders in China. While keeping the structure of the ITGSE, the Guideline made modifications and additions in light of the up-to-date Chinese policies, laws, and relevant national programs, as well as Chinese culture and social norms. It is expected that the Guideline could be widely acknowledged, distributed, and used to inform and support the future development of CSE in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-management interventions (SMIs) may fail if they misalign with the local context. To optimize the implementation of SMIs in Chinese people with chronic lung disease (CLD), the local context was identified in Chinese primary care (PC) and secondary care (SC). A mixed-method study using semi-structured interviews and quantitative surveys was conducted on people with CLD and healthcare professionals (HCPs). The qualitative data was collected until data saturation was reached, and participants were invited to complete the survey after the interview. The qualitative data—analyzed with the framework approach—was triangulated with the quantitative data. A total of 52 participants completed the interviews, and 48 also finished the survey. Four themes were identified; (a) illness perceptions (e.g., patients had poor CLD knowledge and SM, inadequate resources lead to suboptimal disease control in PC); (b) self-management skills (e.g., most patients delayed exacerbation recognition and action, and some were admitted at the crisis point); (c) factors influencing self-management skills (e.g., (in)adequate disease knowledge and medical expenditure affordability); and (d) needs for self-management (e.g., increased disease knowledge, individualized self-management plan, eHealth, (healthcare insurance) policy support). Identified themes were dependent on each other and should be leveraged when implementing SMIs. Ultimately, such SMIs can optimize patient health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reassesses the effectiveness of electric vehicle (EV) incentive policies in China and explores potential disparities in policy impact across different local contexts. Initially, employing panel data analysis, it evaluates policy effectiveness using data from 80 Chinese pilot cities spanning 2010 to 2022. Subsequently, cities are stratified based on varying income levels, traffic conditions, population density, and administrative hierarchy to facilitate an in-depth examination of the heterogeneous impacts of EV policies. Additionally, the Difference-in-Differences (DID) estimation method is employed to scrutinize the dynamic effects of these policies over time, enhancing the credibility of the panel model results. The findings reveal that purchase subsidies, parking benefits, driving privileges, and charging infrastructure have significant positive impacts on EV market share. Specifically, financial incentives are more effective in low-income, low-traffic, low-density cities, as well as in provincial capital cities while driving privileges are more suitable for high-income, high-traffic, and high-density areas. This study also finds that usage-phase policies increasingly drive EV adoption over time, offsetting the negative impact of subsidy reductions. The results of this study hold substantial implications for policymakers, providing insights to design context-based EV policies tailored to specific local conditions. • Purchase subsidies, parking benefits, driving privileges, and charging infrastructure significantly boost EV market share. • Policy impact varies across different local contexts, reflecting regional heterogeneity. • Mismatched incentive policies and local contexts may worsen EV distribution disparities and disadvantage certain groups. • Usage-phase policies increasingly drive EV adoption over time, offsetting the negative impact of subsidy reductions. • The varied impacts of EV policies suggest that China's one-size-fits-all approach may reduce policy effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This current study examines how MNE subsidiaries constitute "knowing" in their ongoing practices in local context, with a focus on the Chinese cultural context in which the subsidiary is embedded. From a dynamic system perspective, it provides a framework to further discuss learning of organizations with particular relevance to the Asian business context. This study complements the current understanding of learning by highlighting the essential role of context in enacting knowledge in practice. We conducted 48 in-depth interviews with managers in MNE subsidiaries located at three cities in China, including: Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, which captured a broad picture of the Chinese geographic variations and the cultural context. It has practical implications for managers working in China and Asian emerging markets. This study explains the dynamic process of learning in MNE subsidiaries, and the interactions between employees and the local cultural context. Firstly, it reveals the learning nature of daily practices in subsidiaries from a practice view, which further confirms that the "knowing" process of organizations is a continuous, circular process of change characterized as systems dynamics. Second, it discusses that knowing and meaning are embedded in specific contexts of subsidiaries, which are across boundaries and faced with navigating a local cultural context. It highlights the effects of cultural context in enacting knowledge in practice by discussing contextual dynamics of knowing practices in MNE subsidiaries. In particular, the Chinese local context of learning has been examined with support of empirical data. Third, it finds that expatriates serve as channels and storehouse of tacit knowledge in subsidiaries considering the characteristics of Chinese cultural context. It suggests managers working in subsidiaries take advantages of local cultural context. It also has practical implications for MNE headquarters to expand into Asian emerging markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the maturing of market-oriented reforms over the last two decades, economic restructuring and labor mobility have accelerated, resulting in a remarkable increase in the number of skilled migrants to Chinese cities. Skilled migrants not only differ from traditional rural-to-urban migrants in terms of recruitment in the labor market, but also in their access to housing. Consequently, their distribution over residential areas in the city differs too. Yet economic structure, spatial structure, housing provision and migration policy vary substantially from one city to another, which might result in different patterns in different cities. Taking Shanghai and Nanjing as two case studies, this paper investigates the driving forces underlying the residential distribution of skilled migrants versus all migrants and the total population at the sub-district level, using inter-provincial migration data from the 2000 Population Census. Our results show that skilled migrants have better access to the cities compared with all migrants and even compared with urban natives, as they concentrate in the sub-districts with more professional jobs and a larger share of both work unit housing and commercial housing in both Shanghai and Nanjing. Shanghai seems more advanced in the process of housing commercialization, as indicated by the stronger impact of market segments on the concentration of skilled migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]