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Information attributes characterize traceable agri-food. The perceived value of information attributes influences consumers' preferences for traceable agri-food, consisting of two dimensions, predictive value and confidence value. We examine heterogeneous preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) in China's traceable agri-food market. Using the choice experiments, we explore how the traceability information, certification type, region of origin, and price influence Chinese consumers' Fuji apple choices. We identify three consumer classes by a latent class model: certification-oriented class (65.8%), price-sensitive and origin-oriented class (15.0%), and no-buy class (19.2%). The results show that consumer sociodemographic characteristics, predictive value, and confidence value are the heterogeneous sources that determine their preferences for Fuji apple information attributes. Specifically, consumers' age, family income per month, and whether the family has children under 18 significantly impact the membership probability of consumers in both certification-oriented and price-sensitive and origin-oriented classes. Consumers' predicted value and confidence value significantly impact the membership probability of consumers in the certification-oriented class. In contrast, consumers' predicted value and confidence value have no significant impact on the membership probability of consumers in price-sensitive and origin-oriented class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is going to vigorously develop a new type of agricultural business that is characterized by large-scale planting, and its farmland transfer market is expected to shift from a "buyer's market" to a "seller's market". In the literature, the optimal scale of farmland management is mainly discussed from the perspective of farmland lessees. The development of a healthy farmland transfer market should also consider the needs of farmland lessors. In this paper, we construct a farmland transfer supply function from the perspective of farmers, based on the theory of land market pricing, and apply it to assess the price–volume relationship using surveyed farmland transfer data on wheat farmers in Henan Province, China. The major findings of the present study are as follows: (i) farmers can optimize the allocation of production factors through the farmland transfer market to maximize their profits, and (ii) the quantity of farmland transferred to the market is significantly positively correlated with the price of farmland transferred, demonstrating a power function relation. Currently, the average price of farmland transferred in China's main grain-producing areas exceeds CNY 800 per mu. There is a difference between the actual quantity of farmland transferred and the supply function estimated in this paper, indicating that the market is currently in a crucial period of vigorously promoting farmland transfer. We suggest that government departments follow the laws of farmland transfer, refer to the farmland transfer supply function, and implement policies that support and benefit grain production to provide rapid and consistent guidance to the farmland transfer market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a face-to-face consumer survey in six cities across China to obtain stated-preference data from a choice experiment, this paper examines consumers' preferences and willingness-to-pay for Fuji apple products' food traceability, certification and region of origin claims attributes. The results show that consumers are willing to pay a positive premium for food traceable attributes. The paper finds strong complementary effects between food traceable attributes. Besides, substitution and complementary effects between attributes vary over the sample cities. In addition, there is less overlap in the value of certain food attributes in some cities. These findings provide insights into the marketing management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aggravation of extreme weather events has dramatically increased the risk of severe water shortages and seriously threatened agricultural production. The Huang-Huai-Hai region, an important agricultural production region in China, is subject to a severe water shortage and is often hit by drought. As a result, water-saving technologies (WSTs) have been implemented. It remains unclear how effectively these WSTs can reduce crop yield loss, crop yield variation, and the loss of net crop income caused by water scarcity. Therefore, this paper aimed to analyze the role of WSTs in response to drought by establishing a multi-objective expected utility function based on 988 farmers across the Huang-Huai-Hai region. Econometric analysis employing an endogenous switching regression model showed that using WSTs can significantly reduce crop yield loss and net income loss caused by drought. Adopting household-based WSTs or community-based water-saving technology generates even greater positive effects on crop yield and farmers' net income. Therefore, the government should promote farmers' adoption of more advanced WSTs by increasing subsidies and strengthening policy support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the microdata of 11,547 farmers from the China Labor Dynamics Survey (CLDS) database in 2017, an ordered multi-classification logistic model was constructed to empirically test the impact of social capital (i.e., social networks, social participation, and social trust) on farmers' willingness to adopt agricultural technology. The moderating effect of demographic changes (i.e., the number of instances of hukou migration) on social capital and farmers' willingness to adopt new agricultural technology was further investigated. The results show that the following: (1) Social trust has a significant positive impact on farmers' willingness to adopt new agricultural technologies, while social participation has no significant impact on farmers' willingness to adopt new technologies. (2) Social networks influence farmers' technology adoption behavior differently, e.g., the scope of relatives' wedding gifts has a significant and positive influence on farmers' technology adoption behavior, while the scope of non-relatives' wedding gifts has no significant influence on farmers' technology adoption behavior. (3) Demographic change plays a moderating role in the impact of social capital on farmers' willingness to adopt new agricultural technologies. In other words, the greater the number of instances of hukou migration, the less the promoting effect of social capital on farmers' willingness to adopt agricultural technology. (4) In the eastern and central regions of China, social capital has a significant positive impact on farmers' adoption of new agricultural technologies. In the western region of China, social capital has a significant negative impact on farmers' adoption of new agricultural technology. In the northeast region of China, social capital has no significant impact on farmers' adoption of new agricultural technologies. Social capital and population changes are important factors that affect farmers' willingness to adopt new agricultural technologies. Therefore, attention should be paid to cultivating and promoting farmers' social capital to improve farmers' willingness to adopt new agricultural technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses a discrete choice experiment to examine consumers' preferences for Fuji apple product attributes and willingness to pay (WTP) estimates for consumers in six cities in China. We estimated the preference heterogeneity by linking the stated preference choice data with consumers' past experience and socioeconomic characteristics in the latent class model. The empirical results show that, first, the past experience variables are crucial in explaining consumer preferences and WTP. Second, three classes, namely, certification-oriented, price- and origin-oriented, and not interested, are identified. Furthermore, the same type of Fuji apple attribute does not appeal to every respondent. Third, our results indicate the heterogeneity of preferences across different classes of respondents, as well as differences in WTP for Fuji apples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dioxide emission and climatic variation have a detrimental influence on the atmosphere as well as on agriculture production. The key aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of carbon dioxide emission on livestock, cereal crops production, rainfall and temperature in China by utilizing the vector autoregressive model and Granger causality test for the period 1988–2017. Variables stationarity was verified by using ADF, P-P and KPSS unit root tests. The outcomes through long-run dynamics exposed that agriculture value added and rainfall have a positive influence on carbon dioxide emission, while cereal crops production, livestock production and temperature have an adverse interaction with carbon dioxide emission. Similarly, the results of the short-run analysis also demonstrate that agriculture value added, cereal crops production, livestock production, rainfall and temperature have a significant influence on carbon dioxide emission with their p-values (0.0488), (0.0885), (0.0263), (0.0096) and (0.5141) respectively. Furthermore, the Granger causality test outcomes also exposed a unidirectional linkage amid the variables. In order to improve agricultural productivity, the Chinese government should take potential steps to minimize the carbon dioxide emission from various industries that trigger climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accelerated urbanization in China was already coupled with a steadily increasing demand for energy usage. The present study major aim was to determine the asymmetric influence of urbanization, energy utilization, fossil fuel energy and CO2 emission on economic progress in China by using an annual time series data varies from 1975 to 2017. Stationarity amid variables was verified by applying the unit root tests, while non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) bounds testing model was used to examine the asymmetric impacts on variables with short- and long-run dynamics. Outcomes revealed that via short-run estimates, the negative shocks of energy usage cause significantly to increase the economic efficiency, but positive shocks of energy utilization display the adverse linkage with the economic progress. Similarly, the negative shocks of GDP per capita growth demonstrate a substantial upsurge in the economic progress, and the positive shocks establish the adverse influence towards economic growth. Further, the outcomes of short-run dynamics also exposed the negative shocks of urbanization significantly affected the economic growth, but positive shocks exposed the adversative influence on economic growth. The outcomes display that fossil fuel energy consumption showed a constructive impact to economic progress, and additionally, the variable CO2 emission also uncovered a positive shocks having significant impact on economic progress. Furthermore, the outcomes of long-run analysis express that energy utilization has negative and positive shocks that expose the adverse influence on economic progress of China. GDP per capita growth exposed the constructive influence on the economic growth in both shocks. The negative and positive shocks of urbanization demonstrate a noteworthy influence on economic growth. The variable fossil fuel energy consumption also exposed an optimistic influence on economic progress, and finally the influence of CO2 emission on economic growth is insignificant as the results exposed. The reducing carbon alteration target aims to be reached for China, and in the next several decades, it will encourage the green energy options in order to decrease carbon dioxide emission to avoid environmental pollution by raising its energy intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fundamental purpose of agri-food supply chain management is to restrict opportunism caused by information asymmetry. Traditional Chinese agri-food supply chain management introduces a contract mechanism and a trust mechanism to manage the uncertainty of the agri-food quasi-organization. However, it is almost impossible to improve the efficiency of transactions and maintain agri-food supply chain stability in the case of asymmetric information. Nowadays, blockchain, Internet of Things technology and big data drive the agri-food supply chain into a vast smart network which would break the information constraints. This paper analyzes the coupling between blockchain-based digital system and the agri-food supply chain. In addition, this paper presents two cases from China, indicating that the proposed blockchain-based system can achieve disruptive transformation in agri-food supply chain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, many listed food companies have started to eagerly disclose their food safety information; the question is, why? This study empirically tests the impacts of food safety information disclosure (FSID) on corporate financing constraints using a panel dataset. The results show that FSID is negatively correlated with equity financing constraint, while its degree is negatively correlated with debt financing constraint. FSID has a larger influence on the financing constraints of state-owned enterprises. Therefore, the standardized FSID is conducive to establishing a mechanism connecting an enterprise with government supervision, and to forming a bottom-up information transmission path in food safety production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique "green food" certification scheme in China, which is aimed to ensure environmental and product safety, has attracted increasing attention. In this study, using 398 household‐level survey data from kiwifruit growers in Xixia county of Henan Province, China, alongside a propensity score matching method, we examined the impact of "green food" certification scheme on economic and environmental effects. Our results showed that: (a) the "green food" certification program did not have significant environmental effect of sustainable production practices because kiwifruit growers did not significantly increase farmyard manure, reduce pesticide and chemical material inputs, except for employed labor inputs; (b) the certification did have significantly economic effect because certified growers received higher sale prices and had reasonable and even higher economic benefits. These findings suggest that the "green food" certification program did not significantly reduce the chemical material inputs, but it helped kiwifruit growers receive higher economic benefits. The "green food" certification program has not achieved its two major goals for kiwifruit production in China [EconLit citations: O13, O44, Q01]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dioxide emission and greenhouse gas emissions are considered core issue in the world that influence agricultural production and also cause climate change. The present study seeks to investigate the linkage of methane emissions, nitrous oxide emissions, carbon dioxide emission, and greenhouse gas emissions with agricultural gross domestic product in China. The long-term association was checked by using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, fully modified least squares method, and canonical cointegrating regression analysis. The results from long-run analysis exposed that carbon dioxide emission and greenhouse gas emissions have positive coefficients that demonstrate the long-run linkage with the agricultural gross domestic product having p values of 0.5709 and 0.3751, respectively. Similarly, results also revealed that agricultural methane emissions and agricultural nitrous oxide emissions have a negative association with the agricultural gross domestic product having p values of 0.1737 and 0.0559. China is a huge emitter of CO2 emission and greenhouse gas emissions. Possible conservative policies are required to form the Chinese government to tackle this challenge to decrease CO2 emission in order to increase agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employing an endogenous switching regression model, we investigate the drivers underlying the adaptations made by farm households and their impacts on crop net incomes for adopters and nonadopters, based on a large panel survey data set across the major grain‐producing provinces in China. The results show that: (i) access to public climate information and technical or physical support increases the likelihood that farmers adapt to climate change by undertaking irrigation and/or drainage measures; and (ii) decisions to adapt increased crop yield, but they did not significantly increase crop profit margins. This point appears to have been ignored by previous studies. Based on these new empirical results, the paper suggests that government should continue to provide climate information and various types of supports to improve farmers’ adaptation abilities and help to reduce the levels of factor input by, for example, substituting organic for chemical fertiliser inputs. Such government‐led policies should be supported alongside the implementation of domestic agricultural supply‐side reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports new evidence on the existence of both large and small price divergent clusters for China's energy markets, 2000-2009. The largest convergent price clusters suggest that the coal and gasoline markets are well integrated, however, small convergent price clusters suggest that electricity and diesel markets are proving harder to integrate. The paper argues that the traditional approach to price convergence analysis should be applied with caution, especially in a transitional economy such as China where questions to be asked should relate to the 'degree of market-orientation' and not simply whether it is a market-based economy or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There remains ongoing controversy regarding the degree to which Chinese food markets are integrated. Some economists conclude that China’s grain economy is well integrated, while others argue that China’s gradual reforms have led to fragmented domestic markets while others conclude that previous studies have produced mixed results. To reconcile the debate, this article models and analyses the behaviour of China’s food grain retail markets by testing for the existence of the convergent price clustering clubs using appropriate econometric methods and price data over 1997-2010. The article finds evidence as to why the controversy remains by identifying a number of small divergent price clustering clubs where it is hard to conclude that China’s food grain markets are fully integrated. However, given that large convergent clustering clubs were also identified, it can be concluded that the degree to which Chinese grain food retail markets are integrated is ‘high’. This finding is important for those who plan to investigate the economic behaviour of grain production under the assumption of a pure, fully integrated, food market economy in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper surveys China''s renewable energy economy, focusing particularly on renewable energy laws and programs, the lessons that can be learnt from the current literature, and the implications of that literature. Gaps in the literature on China''s renewable energy economy include the need for more comprehensive econometric studies. The literature may also benefit from more collaboration between renewable energy economists and agricultural economists. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: China''s demand for energy has grown to fuel its rapidly expanding industrial, commercial and consumer sectors. At the same time, China has become the second largest consumer of petroleum products having surpassed Japan for the first time in 2003. The environmental consequences of a continuation of these trends will have global implications. Government policies and consumers have become more environmentally aware, but the ability of governments to formulate policies has been hindered by the lack of data on inter-factor and inter-fuel substitution possibilities. In this paper Allen partial elasticities of factor and energy substitution, and price elasticities of energy demand are calculated for China''s industrial economy using a two-stage translog cost function approach for the period 1995–2004. The results suggest that energy is substitutable with both capital and labor. Coal is significantly substitutable with electricity and slightly complementary with oil, while oil and electricity are slightly substitutable. China''s energy intensity is increasing during the study period and the major driver appears to be due to the increased use of energy-intensive technology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Many are interested in China''s energy situation, however, many energy related issues in China still remain unanswered, for example, what are the potential forces driving energy demand and supply? Previous reviews focused only on fossil fuel based energy and ignored other important elements including renewable and ‘clean’ energy sources. The work presented here is intended to fill this gap by bringing the research on fossil-based and renewable energy economic studies together and identifying the potential drivers behind both energy demand and supply to provide a complete picture of China''s energy situation in the new millennium. This will be of interest to anyone concerned with the development of China''s economy in general and the energy economy, in particular. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Studies of total factor productivity (TFP) in livestock production are rare, but when available provide useful information especially in the context of developing countries such as China where livestock is becoming more important in the domestic agricultural economy. We estimate TFP for four major livestock products in China employing the stochastic frontier approach, and decompose productivity growth into its technical efficiency (TE) and technical progress components. Efforts are made to adjust and augment the available livestock statistics. The results show that growth in TFP and its components varied between the 1980s and the 1990s as well as over production structures. While there is evidence of considerable technical innovation in China's livestock sector, TE improvement has been relatively slow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overall goal of this study is to better understand food-away-from-home (FAFH) consumption in urban China. We use national statistical sources and our own data to examine the trends in FAFH during the late reform period and to analyze the determinants of FAFH demand, examining how different groups of consumers have participated in this new area of consumption. Besides the normal Tobit model for total food expenditure away from home, a system of multivariate Tobit equations was estimated simultaneously for three categories of foods consumed outside of the home. The results show that the rapid increase of FAFH demand, a rise that is fueled by higher incomes, is changing consumption patterns in China's post-reform urban economy. We also use our findings to illustrate how omission of accounting for FAFH trends by China's official statisticians has affected the reported trends in national meat supply and demand statistics. La présente étude visait à mieux comprendre le phénomène de la consommation de repas à l'extérieur en Chine urbaine. Nous avons utilisé des données de sources nationales et nos propres données pour étudier le phénomène au cours de la dernière réforme et pour analyser les déterminants de la demande de repas à l'extérieur en examinant la participation de divers groupes de consommateurs à ce nouveau créneau. Outre le modèle Tobit simple pour évaluer les dépenses totales de repas à l'extérieur, nous avons estimé simultanément un système d'équations Tobit à plusieurs variables pour trois catégories d'aliments consommés à l'extérieur du foyer. Les résultats ont montré que la croissance rapide de la demande de repas à l'extérieur, alimentée par une hausse des revenus, est en train de modifier les habitudes de consommation dans l'économie urbaine de la Chine post-réformiste. Nous avons également utilisé nos résultats pour illustrer de quelle façon le fait que les statisticiens officiels de la Chine ne tiennent pas compte des tendances de consommation de repas à l'extérieur a une influence sur l'évaluation des tendances dans les données nationales de l'offre et de la demande de viande. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese animal product consumption behaviour was analysed for both urban and rural households using a complete regional consumption dataset that was augmented to include away-from-home consumption. Seven animal product expenditure share equations were estimated with an extended Almost Ideal Demand System model. The results suggest that Chinese consumers will continue to increase their consumption of animal products, but that consumption patterns have changed in the 1990s. A large percentage of household animal product expenditure is still on pork. However, the shares for aquatic and poultry products consumption will increase substantially. As a consequence, the pork expenditure share will be gradually reduced as incomes grow and diet preferences change in both urban and rural households. There are significant differences in animal product consumption preferences across regions of China. As a result, studies that omit regional dummy variables in their demand systems can produce different expenditure and price parameters. The present paper also found that many of the estimates of elasticities and marginal expenditure shares would be rather different if the data ignored consumption away from home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] China owns large quantity of crop residues to develop the renewable energy. [•] Priority of using crop residues should be different across provinces. [•] Policy supports are critical for the existence of power generation plant. [•] Important to increase power generation efficiency and lower the cost of feedstock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper synthesizes recent research and new empirical findings to build a more comprehensive understanding of developments in China’s dairy sector. China’s tremendous rise in dairy demand has been driven by several mutually reinforcing factors: including rapid income growth, promotion by the government and dairy industry, changes in urban lifestyles, and the development of new, more sophisticated marketing channels. Domestic milk output has grown to satisfy rising demand largely by increasing the dairy herd. Substantial increases in productivity have been achieved through technology adoption, but there is evidence that the torrid growth has created inefficiencies because adaptations to marketing rules, infrastructure, and institutions have not kept pace with the changing environment. These results suggest there is ample room for future growth in both domestic milk production and dairy demand, but multinational firms and imported products will likely play and increasing role as China’s dairy market continues to develop. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Theoretically, agricultural insurance influences farmers' use of pesticides by changing the expected income of agricultural production. Full-cost insurance, with high guarantee and high compensation characteristics, may significantly affect farmers' pesticide use. First, this paper constructs a production function to characterize and compare the marginal incomes of insured and uninsured farmers under risk uncertainty and analyses how insured farmers can increase marginal income by increasing or reducing factor inputs. Considering scale differentiation, it discusses pesticide use strategies different types of farmers may adopt to maximize household utility. Second, using survey data of the pilot counties of full-cost insurance for wheat in Henan Province, China, the simultaneous equation model is used for empirical testing. The results reveal the following: (i) Farmers' insurance participation and pesticide application behaviour are not mutually independent. (ii) For the whole sample, full-cost insurance for wheat has a significant pesticide reduction effect. (iii) However, considering scale differentiation, pesticide application decreases significantly among insured ordinary farmers but does not change significantly among insured large-scale farmers. Third, policy measures are proposed to activate the green development function of agricultural insurance. • Construct a production function and a utility function to conduct mechanism analysis. • Estimate simultaneous equation model based on pilot area household level dataset. • Analyse the effect of full-cost insurance on pesticide input behavior. • Find full-cost insurance significantly reduces the pesticide use of ordinary farmers. • But insignificant effect on the pesticide use of large-scale farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Following reforms to the market, China’s hog industry has developed rapidly, however, with social and economic transitions, China’s hog industry is facing challenges which might restrict long-term growth in production. This paper analyzes the changes in regional scale, organization, input factors, and technological progress for China’s hog production over the last few decades. The paper seeks to reveal the sources of hog production growth and provide some suggestions for future development of the hog industry. To achieve these aims, the paper uses stochastic frontier production functions and the Malmquist index to measure total factor productivity (TFP) in the hog industry and decompose TFP into technical efficiency; technological progress; scale efficiency; and allocative efficiency using data for 25 provinces from 1980 to 2008. The results show firstly that; the TFP of hog production increased by 64.3% from 1980 to 2008, and allocative efficiency and scale efficiency improvements played a key role in this TFP growth. In contrast, technical efficiency and technical progress have changed little over this period. Secondly, TFP’s contribution to output was 39.7%, it being less than that of factor inputs to output. Thirdly, the results suggest that the growth of China’s pork production depends mostly on the increase in the quantity of factor inputs, especially feed. As a consequence, the key to ensuring long-term and stable development of China’s hog production would seem to involve focusing on enhancing total factor productivity and changing the pattern of production growth. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has surged over the years as a consequence of diverse humans activities such as deforestation and farming, in particular. The rapidly growing agriculture and farm mechanization have contributed to substantial increases in energy use and carbon dioxide emissions across the globe. It is hypothesized that agriculture significantly contributes to a country's economy to which China is no exception. Hence, the main intention of the current study was to explore the asymmetrical influences of cereal crop production, forestry production, and economic progress on CO 2 emissions in China between 1970 and 2017. The non-linear ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) bounds testing method was used to determine the short- and long-run dynamics linked with positive and negative shocks to the explanatory variables. The findings indicate that positive shocks to cereal crop production deteriorate the atmospheric quality by intensifying carbon dioxide emissions only in the long run, while the impacts of negative shocks in this regard are statistically insignificant. Ironically, shocks to forestry do not exhibit any significant impact on China's carbon dioxide emission levels. Moreover, carbon dioxide emissions demonstrate a strong progressive association with the positive shocks to energy resources utilized within the Chinese economy. Additionally, positive and negative shocks to economic progress are evidenced to boost and reduce the carbon dioxide emission figures in the long run. Lastly, negative shocks to livestock production are witnessed to increase carbon dioxide emissions only in the short run. Hence, for achieving the Chinese carbon-neutrality agenda, it is recommended to prioritize the use of renewable energy resources, particularly for producing cereal crops, in order to curb carbon dioxide emissions in China. Simultaneously, the Chinese economic growth policies should integrate environmentally-friendly schemes to counter the adversative environmental influences related to the economic progress in China. • The environmental impacts of cereal crops and forestry production are assessed. • The environmental impacts of livestock production are assessed. • Positive shocks to cereal crops production boost CO 2 emissions. • Negative and positive shocks to economic progress reduce and boost CO 2 emissions. • Positive shocks to energy use boost CO 2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Conduct a choice experiment on Fuji apples in a face-to-face survey in six cities. • Assess the interaction of consumers' trust and preferences for traceable foods. • WTPs depend on degree of consumers' trust on supervision and on food labels. • Find government isn't the most trusted safety inspection and certificate authority. Food safety is a very important topic in China. We investigate Chinese consumers' preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for food traceability using a choice experiment. Given that consumers' trust in the food system may affect their preferences and WTP, we also assess the interaction between consumers' trust in government's supervision of food safety and food labels and consumers' preferences for traceable food products. Using data collected from a choice experiment on Fuji apples in a face-to-face survey in six Chinese cities, the results show that (i) consumers are willing to pay for traceable food but their valuations can differ upon the degree of their trust in government's supervision of food safety and food labels; (ii) consumers are willing to pay for traceability with strong evidence of preference heterogeneity; (iii) government is not the most trusted safety inspection and certificate authority as found in prior studies using animal food products in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has significantly affected agricultural production. As one of China's most important agricultural production regions, the North China Plain (NCP) is subject to climate change. This paper examines the influence of climate change on the wheat and maize yields at household and village levels, using the multilevel model based on a large panel survey dataset in the NCP. The results show that: (i) Extreme weather events (drought and flood) would significantly reduce the wheat and maize yields. So, the governments should establish and improve the emergency service system of disaster warning and encourage farmers to mitigate the adverse effects of disasters. (ii) Over the past three decades, the NCP has experienced climate change that affects its grain production. Therefore, it is imperative to build the farmers' adaptive capacity to climate change. (iii) Spatial variations in crop yield are significantly influenced by the household characteristics and the heterogeneity of village economic conditions. Therefore, in addition to promoting household production, it is necessary to strengthen and promote China's development of the rural collective economy, especially the construction of rural irrigation and drainage infrastructures.

The accelerated urbanization in China was already coupled with a steadily increasing demand for energy usage. The present study major aim was to determine the asymmetric influence of urbanization, energy utilization, fossil fuel energy and CO 2 emission on economic progress in China by using an annual time series data varies from 1975 to 2017. Stationarity amid variables was verified by applying the unit root tests, while non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) bounds testing model was used to examine the asymmetric impacts on variables with short- and long-run dynamics. Outcomes revealed that via short-run estimates, the negative shocks of energy usage cause significantly to increase the economic efficiency, but positive shocks of energy utilization display the adverse linkage with the economic progress. Similarly, the negative shocks of GDP per capita growth demonstrate a substantial upsurge in the economic progress, and the positive shocks establish the adverse influence towards economic growth. Further, the outcomes of short-run dynamics also exposed the negative shocks of urbanization significantly affected the economic growth, but positive shocks exposed the adversative influence on economic growth. The outcomes display that fossil fuel energy consumption showed a constructive impact to economic progress, and additionally, the variable CO 2 emission also uncovered a positive shocks having significant impact on economic progress. Furthermore, the outcomes of long-run analysis express that energy utilization has negative and positive shocks that expose the adverse influence on economic progress of China. GDP per capita growth exposed the constructive influence on the economic growth in both shocks. The negative and positive shocks of urbanization demonstrate a noteworthy influence on economic growth. The variable fossil fuel energy consumption also exposed an optimistic influence on economic progress, and finally the influence of CO 2 emission on economic growth is insignificant as the results exposed. The reducing carbon alteration target aims to be reached for China, and in the next several decades, it will encourage the green energy options in order to decrease carbon dioxide emission to avoid environmental pollution by raising its energy intensity.