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In the increasing pervasiveness of today's digital society, mobile devices are changing the face of education. Students can interact with mobile devices in context-aware environment. This paper presents a mobile application based on expert system (Plant-E) for students to acquire knowledge about plant classification by answering decision-making questions. In order to study effectiveness of Plant-E and cognitive load of students who experience different kinds of interaction in learning process, another mobile application (Plant-G) only providing information pages of plants was developed. A quasi-experiment was conducted with three classes of 137 seventh graders. The three classes, Class A with 46 students using Plant-E in campus, Class B with 44 students using Plant-G in campus, and Class C with 47 students using Plant-G in a traditional classroom, constitute three groups with different interaction complexity. The research conducted pretest, posttest, and delayed test to evaluate learning performance of students in three classes and used a questionnaire to investigate their perceptions and attitudes towards proposed system. Results show that interaction complexity has an impact on students' learning performance and mental effort in mobile learning; the higher the interaction complexity is, the higher mental effort and the better learning performance in mobile learning will be.

Background/Aim: There are no epidemiological reports focused on the oral and maxillofacial surgery emergency department in the West China Hospital of Stomatology. The aim of this study was to analyse the epidemiological characteristics of emergency patients admitted for Trauma and Plastic Surgery Department of the West China Hospital of Stomatology from 2016–2019. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 5220 patients with complete medical records were evaluated. The following data were collected: gender, age, etiology, disease type distribution, anatomic injury site and treatment modality. Results: There were 3046 males and 2174 females (ratio 1.40:1), with an average age of 16.2 years. The largest group was children aged between 3 and 6 years old (28.3%). Maxillofacial injuries were the most common condition (87.3%), which mostly occurred on the forehead (29.7%), followed by the lips (27.8%). A fall was the leading cause of injury (59.9%), especially in patients younger than 6 years old. There were 327 cases of maxillofacial space infections (MSI), and the mandibular third molars were the most common tooth associated with odontogenic infections (36.2%). Univariable analysis identified that multiple‐space infection, visit time and systemic conditions were the risk factors for being admitted to the hospital for treatment. There were 116 patients (2.2%) with bleeding as the main complaint, and most of the maxillofacial bleeding patients could be stopped by compression (52.6%). Conclusion: Males and children aged younger than 6 years were the highest risk populations. Trauma accounted for the majority of emergency patients in maxillofacial surgery. Most maxillofacial injuries involved the forehead and were mainly caused by accidental falls. The proportion of MSI was not high, but serious cases may be life‐threatening. The causes of bleeding were diverse, and the bleeding was easy to control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Apriori algorithm in association rules is the main algorithm used in the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases in data mining, and the algorithm in the current stage of China's medical field of association between chronic diseases has some problems, such as the need to scan the transaction database of cases several times, producing a large data set and more redundant rules. To address the above problems, a data mining algorithm of association rules combining clustering matrix and pruning strategy is proposed, which improves the algorithm by using the clustering matrix method to compress the stored transaction database and introducing the prepruning and postpruning strategy methods on the basis of adding constraint conditions. The experimental results show that the optimization algorithm has unique advantages in reducing the number of database scans and the number of candidate item sets generated and ultimately greatly reduces the running time and I/O load of the algorithm, and the running efficiency of the algorithm is greatly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the increasing pervasiveness of today's digital society, mobile devices are changing the face of education. Students can interact with mobile devices in context‐aware environment. This paper presents a mobile application based on expert system (Plant‐E) for students to acquire knowledge about plant classification by answering decision‐making questions. In order to study effectiveness of Plant‐E and cognitive load of students who experience different kinds of interaction in learning process, another mobile application (Plant‐G) only providing information pages of plants was developed. A quasi‐experiment was conducted with three classes of 137 seventh graders. The three classes, Class A with 46 students using Plant‐E in campus, Class B with 44 students using Plant‐G in campus, and Class C with 47 students using Plant‐G in a traditional classroom, constitute three groups with different interaction complexity. The research conducted pretest, posttest, and delayed test to evaluate learning performance of students in three classes and used a questionnaire to investigate their perceptions and attitudes towards proposed system. Results show that interaction complexity has an impact on students' learning performance and mental effort in mobile learning; the higher the interaction complexity is, the higher mental effort and the better learning performance in mobile learning will be. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: Mobile devices can be used to meet the urgency of learning need and can provide guidance and clues for learners in context‐aware environment.During mobile learning in context‐aware environment, students need to interact with mobile devices and environment.Mental effort reflects cognitive load related to interaction complexity, and it can affect learning performance.Self‐efficacy affects the degree of mental effort by affecting the firmness of performance goal.Cognitive load and learning performance are the main concerns that need to be considered when evaluating the effectiveness of mobile learning. What this paper adds: Interaction complexity has an impact on students' learning performance and mental effort in mobile learning.In terms of the three levels of interaction complexity in this study, the higher the interaction complexity is, the better the results that students will get in mobile learning.The higher the interaction complexity is, the higher the mental effort that students invested into in mobile learning would be.The medium self‐efficacy group invested the most mental effort and got the best grades, rather than the high or low group.Rule‐based mobile learning expert system is feasible and effective for students to learn by interacting with learning objects in context‐aware environment. Implications for practice and/or policy: Efforts should be made to make mobile learning systems more interactive; for example, learners can learn more effectively by interacting with mobile system, which can improve the frequency of observing learning objects.Rule‐based mobile learning expert system can give learners more opportunities to know how experts do when solving problems and can provide a potential method for students to learn in context‐aware environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to discuss and analyze Finnish and Chinese primary school teachers' practices when digital storytelling is the teaching method, aiming for student-generated stories in video format. To meet this end, teachers introduce digital storytelling in their practices and guide and support students into building and sharing digital stories in video format with peers in the classroom and online. In addition, they introduce the use of web-based environments and digital technologies, adapt their teaching plan accordingly, and enrich existing instructional material. As a result, teacher's practices of organizing and facilitating student work and development change. In order to investigate how teaching practices change, this study draws from Chinese and Finnish teachers' interviews and observation data and uses inductive analysis and constant comparison for more abstract themes and categories. The findings show that the teachers use formal and informal, natural and technological environments to organize student work and aim for freer learning in digital storytelling activities. Also, different aspects of collaborative work are used to facilitate and, mainly, structure student work and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background A descriptive epidemiologic analysis of the characteristics of workplacebased multiple fatality incidents in China can contribute to a scientific basis for the prevention and control of such fatal incidents as well for as the facilitation of medical assistance during these episodes. Methods We used data on workplace-based multiple fatality incidents spanning January 1, 2001-December 31, 2008 as collected by the National Work Safety Administration of China to analyze event frequency, type, number of deaths, mortality rate (per million persons), and regional distribution. Results A total of 17,277 workplace-based multiple fatality incidents were reported between 2001 and 2008, which were associated with 62,850 deaths and 30,418 injuries. The most common types or settings associated with workplace-based multiple fatality incidents were road traffic accidents (>3 deaths only; total 23,464 deaths), coal mine explosions (23,418 deaths), and incidents involving shipping (3,978 deaths). Conclusion The risk for workplace-based multiple fatality incidents in China is one of the highest in the world. Prevention is critical and should be strengthened. Our results may provide useful information help to improve prevention and control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]