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Abstract: Aim: To assess the prevalence and predictors of post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) in Chinese renal recipients and describe their long-term evolution of glucose metabolism. Methods: 887 non-diabetic Chinese adult renal recipients were studied retrospectively, with a median follow-up of 7 years. PTDM patients were categorized into transient PTDM and permanent PTDM. The cumulative incidence and risk factors of PTDM were estimated by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression. Results: The cumulative incidence of PTDM at 3 months, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 years post-transplant was 10.4%, 11.4%, 13.4%, 15.2%, 22.7%, 27.9% and 38.3%, respectively. 61.9% of PTDM cases were diagnosed within the first three months and 61.6% of them developed persistent diabetes in the future. Risk factors for all PTDM included older age, body mass index (BMI)≥25kg/m2, triglycerides≥1.5mmol/L, rejection, the use of tacrolimus and diltiazem. The predictors of permanent PTDM included age >50 years (RR=2.322, 95% CI 1.255–4.296, P =0.007), BMI≥25kg/m2 (RR=1.699, 95% CI 1.014–2.846, P =0.044) and the use of tacrolimus (RR=1.835, 95% CI 1.181–2.851, P =0.007). Conclusions: Patients were most susceptible to PTDM within the first three months post-transplant and more than half of them developed persistent diabetes in the future. Age >50 years, overweight and tacrolimus application were risk factors for both PTDM and permanent PTDM. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]