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The purpose is to test the applicability of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) to Chinese children with intellectual disabilities. The study was done by distributing the questionnaire to the parents through teachers online. Asked the parents to fill out the scale based on their observations of their children's daily life. The correlation coefficients between each item and the total score of the corresponding dimension ranged from 0.52 to 0.77. Factor analysis confirmed the establishment of the PA-NA two-factor structure of affect. A significant positive correlation existed between the NA and the challenging behavior. The Cronbach's α coefficient and split-half reliability of the PA scale were 0.87 and 0.85, and the Cronbach's α coefficient and split-half reliability of the NA scale were 0.85 and 0.83, respectively, higher than 0.80. It was concluded that PANAS has good applicability in Chinese children with intellectual disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's population of older individuals reached 264.02 million in 2020, an increase of 5.44% from 2010. This study explores how participation in serious leisure sports, which have enduring benefits for older adults, contributes to active aging. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 older participants aged 60–78 years who had participated in a leisure sport activity for 1 year or longer. A thematic analysis was conducted, and four themes emerged: body improvements, positive emotions, optimistic life attitudes, and social interactions. Older adults who participate in serious leisure sports are empowered via practice and learning opportunities to engage with their aging bodies, pursue psychological benefits, and jointly maintain leisure groups. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the "rights-based" approach to active aging and allow us to identify serious leisure sports as an active way for older adults to improve their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between perceived teacher support and academic achievement and the mediating role played by positive emotions and learning engagement in a sample of 497 middle school students from three middle schools in eastern China. Participants' ages ranged from 12 to 15 years old, with a mean of 13.19 (SD = 0.688). The results show that: (1) positive emotions mediate the relationship between perceived teacher support and academic achievement; (2) learning engagement also mediates the relationship between perceived teacher support and academic achievement; and (3) positive emotions and learning engagement show a chain-mediating effect in the relationship between perceived teacher support and academic achievement. The findings not only reveal the mediating role of positive emotions and learning engagement between perceived teacher support and academic achievement but are also important for Chinese teachers to help students improve their academic achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In China, more than 5 million students enter higher vocational colleges each year, and the positive emotions of their students merits much attention. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the effect of teacher support on positive emotions among higher vocational students by further investigating the mediating role of procrastination behavior and interpersonal assistance. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted with 676 higher vocational students from Zhejiang Province, China. We used SPSS 26.0 for data analysis, which included correlation analysis, regression analysis and bootstrap-mediated effects tests. Results: Teacher support positively predicted positive emotions (β = 0.302, p < 0.001) and interpersonal assistance (β = 0.170, p < 0.001), while procrastination behavior negatively predicted interpersonal assistance (β = −0.161, p < 0.001) and positive emotions (β = −0.088, p < 0.01). Interpersonal assistance positively predicted positive emotions (β = 0.279, p < 0.001). This study found that teacher support positively predicted positive emotions; either procrastination behavior or interpersonal assistance independently mediated the relationship between teacher support and positive emotions. These two variables (procrastination and interpersonal assistance) also acted as a chain mediator between teacher support and positive emotions. The direct effect of teacher support and the mediating role of interpersonal assistance had a greater effect. Conclusion: The study deeply explored the effects of teacher support on positive emotions among Chinese higher vocational students and found that teacher support plays an important role in positive emotion management. At the same time, we found the key roles played by procrastination behavior and interpersonal assistance between teacher support and positive emotion, which could provide data support and decision-making reference for enhancing higher education students’ well-being and positive emotions. This study can be regarded as a case study of social support theory and demonstrates the applicability of the theory in the field of positive emotions of higher vocational students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourists' pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) has a positive social significance for the sustainable development of the destination environment. Based on the theory of planned behaviour, the norm activation model, and affect-behaviour theory, this study established the 'rational-affective-moral' (R-A-M) factor model of tourists' PEB. It used questionnaires to investigate the main influencing factors and mechanisms of tourists' PEB in a more comprehensive and in-depth manner, using a sample of 488 tourists from China. The results showed that (1) the structural equation model of R-A-M fitted well. Cognitive attitudes, perceived behaviour control, positive emotions, personal norms, and daily green behaviour habits directly impacted tourists' PEB, among which affective factors had the largest effect. (2) The mediating effect test results revealed two completely mediating paths—social norms-cognitive attitudes-tourists' PEB; and social norms-personal norms-tourists' PEB—and two indirect mediation paths—perceived behaviour control-cognitive attitudes-tourists' PEB; and daily green behaviour habits-personal norms-tourists' PEB. (3) Positive emotions not only directly influenced tourists' PEB but indirectly moderated the effects of perceived behaviour control, personal norms, and daily green behaviour habits on tourists' PEB. Finally, the study discusses the theoretical innovation and potential application value of the R-A-M factor model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching for creativity (TfC) has received increasing attention as an important way to cultivate students' creative thinking and behaviors. The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of teachers' work engagement (WE) on the relationship between their emotional intelligence (EI) and teaching for creativity. The study is a cross-sectional design. The sample of the study is 3,307 secondary school English teachers working in Jilin Province, China. The findings show that the teachers' perceptions of emotional intelligence, work engagement and teaching for creativity are relatively high. The findings confirm the hypotheses. The results of structural equation modeling and bootstrapping show that teachers' emotional intelligence is positively correlated with work engagement and teaching for creativity, and teachers' work engagement mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and teaching for creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism experiences bring about physical or psychological feelings in tourists, which can not only leave tourists with deep memories, but also affect their behavioral intentions. Tourism experiences are meaningful only if they can be remembered and influence word of mouth and decision making. A better understanding of what influences tourism experience memory will help optimize the supply and further development of tourism destinations. This study explores the antecedents of rural tourism experience memory from the tourism supply perspective, revealing the mechanism of effect of these antecedents on tourists' tourism experience memory formation through a questionnaire-based survey of 556 participants in Xidi Village, China, and correlation and multiple regression analyses. The results show that perceptions about the supply of rural tourism destinations trigger positive emotions that, in turn, affect the formation of rural tourism experience memory. Through the mediating role of positive emotions, there is a significant correlation between perception of rural tourism destination supply and the formation of rural tourism experience memories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores senior tourists' willingness to sojourn with companions and their emotional solidarity with residents. Interviews were conducted to gain insights into their previous travel experiences, preferences and behavioral intention when traveling with companions and their emotional solidarity with residents. Applying a grounded theory approach, this study found that senior tourists' emotional solidarity with residents includes three categories: identity perception, emotional closeness and feeling welcome which influence the formation of positive emotions such as curiosity, trust and happiness. The study also acknowledges the effects of loneliness on the elderly when they desire to sojourn with companions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide rates among older adults individuals living alone in the community are comparatively high. The prevalence of suicidal ideation among older adults living alone in the community was assessed using the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide and the broaden-and-build theory of positive affect., Objectives: The research objectives of this study was examine to the prevalence of suicidal ideation among older adults living alone in the community. It was examined whether perceived burdensomeness mediated the relation between frailty and suicidal ideation, and whether positive emotions moderated either the indirect or direct effect of a mediation model., Methods: The model was tested on 893 older adults people living alone in the community in Xintai City, China. An assessment of participants' frailty, suicidal ideation, perceived burdensomeness, and positive emotions was conducted., Results: The results demonstrated that perceived burdensomeness acted as a partly mediating factor in the relationship between frailty and suicidal ideation. In addition, the direct and indirect effects of the mediation model were moderated by positive emotions. When levels of positive emotion were high, fragility had a weaker effect on suicidal ideation, and perceived burdensomeness had a weaker effect on suicidal ideation., Conclusion: Results emphasize that interventions aimed at improving positive emotions could have a protective effect on frail older people living alone in the community who are at risk of suicide., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yang, Zhang, Zhang and Su.)

(1) Background—With the acceleration of the aging process in China, improving the well-being of the elderly has become a key topic of social concern. The elderly people are more inclined to develop tourism activities in the forest environment, which has a positive impact on their well-being. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the factors affecting the well-being of senior tourists. (2) Methods—In this study, restoration experience and positive emotions are used as intermediary variables. Through structural equation modeling and taking Fuzhou National Forest Park as an example, this study explores the mechanism of the impact of the perceived restorative environment of senior tourists on well-being. Bootstrap sampling is used to test whether the mediating effect between restoration experience and positive emotions is significant. (3) Results—The results of standardized parameter estimation of the structural model and the Bootstrap test show that the perceived restorative environment of senior tourists has a significant positive impact on the restoration experience and positive emotions. The standardized path coefficients are 0.406 (p<0. 001) and 0. 234 (p<0.001). This shows that forest tourism has important and positive significance for the construction of psycho-logical resources of senior tourists. The perceived restorative environment of senior tourists has no significant direct impact on well-being (p = 0. 177). The reason for this phenomenon may be that senior tourists have a strong attachment to the park, and have a higher perceived restorative environment. Both restoration experience and positive emotions have a significant positive effect on well-being, and the standardized path coefficients are 0. 593 (p < 0.001) and 0. 253 (p < 0.001). The perceived restorative environment of senior tourists can indirectly affect well-being through the complete mediation of the restoration experience, and the β-value of the mediation effect is 0. 241 (p = 0. 002). In addition, positive emotions also play a completely mediating role in the positive impact of perceived restorative environment on well-being. The β-value of the mediating effect is 0.059 ( p = 0. 014). The study also found that the mediating effect of restoration experience is greater than positive emotions. This may be due to the fact that on the one hand, senior tourists can better control their emotions, thereby maintaining emotional stability; on the other hand, the pursuit of health is the main travel motivation and expectation of senior tourists. (4) Conclusions and Discussions—Based on the above research results, perceived restorative environment has no significant impact on the well-being of senior tourists, but it can indirectly affect well-being through the complete mediation effect of restoration experience and positive emotions. Therefore, in order to improve the well-being of senior tourists, this paper puts forward the following suggestions; First of all, forest parks are expected to improve the quality of tourism environment, to create attractive environment and to improve people's restorative environmental perception. Secondly, forest parks are suggested to provide different types and depth of forest tourism products, to improve the quality of activity experience in order to meet the health recovery needs of senior tourists. Finally, it is needed for forest parks to improve the management and service level, and to strengthen the positive emotions of senior tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By combining the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions (Fredrickson, 2001) and the transactional theory of stress (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984), this study examines how challenge demands (i.e., task complexity and time pressure) have dual effects on employees' job performance through the mediating effects of positive and negative emotions. We collected data from 414 employees from three firms located in China, including two hi-tech firms and one financial firm. The results indicated that challenge demands (i.e., task complexity and time pressure) have an overall positive effect on employees' job performance (i.e., task performance and contextual performance) by offsetting positive indirect effects with negative indirect effects. The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employees' creative idea enactment is critical for organizational creativity assessment and innovation implementation. In the paper, we want to develop and verify a moderated chain mediation model to explore the impact of supervisor developmental feedback on the enactment of employees' creative ideas, and to investigate the moderating role of psychological empowerment further. Hierarchical regression analyses of the multi-time data from 375 employees in China indicate that positive emotions and work engagement, respectively mediate the relationship between supervisor developmental feedback and employees' creative idea enactment. Simultaneously, positive emotions and work engagement form chain mediation between supervisor developmental feedback and creative idea enactment. Besides, we find that psychological empowerment negatively moderates the relationship between supervisor developmental feedback and employees' positive emotions, as well as moderates the chain mediating effect of this paper. The present study not only contributes to the literature on feedback and innovation, but also provides practical guidance on how to seek remedies to facilitate employees' creative idea enactment from the perspective of human resource management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to report that authenticity is a crucial factor in determining consumer behavior. To ensure that customers feel a sense of authenticity, service organizations and researchers must understand the factors that convey perceived authenticity. Therefore, this study uses multiple features of perceived service authenticity (i.e. continuity, consistency, uniqueness, talent, scarcity, honesty and traditional) and examines their effects on positive emotions in a traditional restaurant service context. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 342 surveys were collected using a panel data service in China. This study examined the structural relationships among perceived service authenticity, positive emotions and revisit intention using AMOS. Additionally, a multigroup analysis was conducted to identify the moderating effect of individuals' psychological traits (i.e. nostalgia proneness). Findings: The results indicated that all service authenticity dimensions except continuity significantly enhance positive emotions. Furthermore, positive emotions significantly enhanced revisit intention. The results also revealed that nostalgia proneness moderates the effects of service authenticity on positive emotions. Practical implications: The results provide important insights into how to increase customers' perceived service authenticity and positive emotions. Originality/value: This research is a pioneering effort to conceptualize a multiple-dimensional structure of the authenticity model and test its appropriateness in a traditional restaurant context. Furthermore, this study is one of the first attempts to develop an authenticity model that links service authenticity, positive emotions, revisit intention and the moderator of nostalgia proneness based on the Mehrabian and Russell model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Triarchic Model of Grit Scale (TMGS), a measure that assesses individuals' dispositions to show perseverance, passion (or consistency of interests), and adaptability for long-term goals, had acceptable psychometric properties in Filipino student samples. However, there is scant evidence on the validity of this scale in other societies. This research explored the psychometric validity of the Chinese version of TMGS in selected technical–vocational college students in Shenzen, China. Results demonstrated that the scores from the three-factor model of grit were valid and reliable. In addition, whereas perseverance and adaptability were linked to increased life satisfaction and positive emotions, consistency was not related to such criterion variables. Further, perseverance and adaptability were associated with lower negative emotions, while consistency was linked to increased levels of undesirable emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the broaden-and-build theory, positive emotions can broaden our awareness and build psychological resources, which leads to better psychological outcomes. Previous studies demonstrated that hope partially mediates the association between positive emotions and life satisfaction in college students. Yet, there has no similar model been tested among older adults. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the mediating role of hope agency and pathways in the association between positive emotions and life satisfaction. Three hundred and forty-one Chinese community-dwelling older adults (mean = 70.83, SD  = 9.16) were asked to complete a survey questionnaire comprising measures assessing positive emotions, hope, life satisfaction, and other sociodemographic variables. Results showed that hope agency, but not hope pathways, partially mediated the relationship between positive emotions and life satisfaction. We discussed the importance of these initial findings concerning positive emotions and hope as predictors of life satisfaction in the older adult population., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

The aim of this study was to examine whether the association between psychological capital (PsyCap; which is comprised of hope, self‐efficacy, resilience, and optimism) and optimal engagement is mediated by positive emotions. Three studies were conducted across different cultural contexts (Hong Kong SAR, Mainland China, and the Philippines), domains (academic and work), and age groups (adult employees and school‐aged adolescents). Study 1 was a cross‐sectional study conducted among 162 employees in Mainland China. Study 2 was a cross‐sectional study conducted among 71 secondary school students in Hong Kong SAR. Study 3 was a prospective study conducted among 404 secondary school students in the Philippines. Across the three studies, the positive effect of PsyCap on engagement (academic and work) was partially mediated by positive emotions. This study enriches the understanding of the processes through which PsyCap is associated with optimal outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate two types of social media interactivity, vertical and horizontal interactivity, and whether they can help users reduce work exhaustion through the coping mechanisms perceived social support, perceived enjoyment, and social identification. Design/methodology/approach: Data was obtained from a survey of 387 people who had full-time jobs and were users of WeChat in China. This was then tested using the partial least squares (PLS) method. Findings: The study found that social media interactivity can help reduce work exhaustion through the creation or enhancement of the three coping mechanisms. Perceived social support, perceived enjoyment, and social identification were found to fully mediate the relationships between vertical and horizontal interactivity and work exhaustion. The coping mechanism, perceived enjoyment, appears to be strongest in reducing work exhaustion. Practical/social implications: The findings suggest that social media providers, in order to help reduce users' work exhaustion, might design the features of their platforms so that they maximize ease-of-use for users to interact both vertically and horizontally. Research limitations: The cross-sectional nature of the data in this study does not allow for testing of causality. In addition, as the study used Chinese participants, findings may not be generalizable to other cultural contexts. Originality/value: This study examined the impact of social media use as a potential way to cope with work-related exhaustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the relationship between positive emotions and protection-motivated behaviours by focusing on the mediating role of self-efficacy and the moderating role of information security awareness. Based on a sample of 215 full-time employees from various organizations in China, the results of hierarchical regression and moderated path analysis indicate that positive emotions positively influence protection-motivated behaviours, and self-efficacy partially mediates this relationship. In addition, information security awareness has a positive moderating effect on the relationships between positive emotions and self-efficacy and between self-efficacy and protectionmotivated behaviours. Furthermore, the findings show that information security awareness has a positive moderating effect on the mediating effect of self-efficacy between positive emotions and protection-motivated behaviours. The theoretical and practical implications of these results, as well as directions for future research, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we investigated how perceived switching costs and benefits influence user resistance as a major cause of information systems project implementation failure, from the perspectives of individual emotions and traditional values. We used structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression analysis to analyze data from 256 potential users of a new information system. Participants were employed by a telecom operator in China. Results indicated that positive emotions played a partial mediating role in the relationship between perceived switching costs and benefits and user resistance. Further, user traditionality moderated the influence of perceived switching costs and benefits on user resistance. These findings have theoretical implications and we suggest practical ways in which managers can alleviate user resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent works, Chang and colleagues have shown that hope partially mediates the association between positive emotions and life satisfaction in diverse adult groups. However, such a model has yet to be tested among adult victims of intimate partner violence. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to evaluate the broaden-and-build model of positive emotions involving hope agency and pathways as predictors of life satisfaction in a sample of Chinese college students ( N = 248; 152 females and 96 males) who self-reported experiencing intimate partner violence. Participants completed measures assessing prior exposure to intimate partner violence, positive emotions, hope, and life satisfaction. A multiple mediation model with 10,000 bootstraps was evaluated in which hope agency and pathways were examined as hypothesized mediators of the positive association found between positive emotions and life satisfaction in Chinese adult victims of intimate partner violence. Results of this analysis indicated that although positive emotions continued to have a significant direct association with life satisfaction, both hope agency and pathways were found to partially mediate this association. We discussed the importance of these initial findings in relation to positive emotions and hope as predictors of life satisfaction in victims of intimate partner violence.

Background: This study aims to examine the lay perceptions of successful aging among elderly Chinese in Hawai'i, the state has the highest life expectancy in the United States. Method: Principal components factor analysis and logistic regression models were used to analyze survey data collected among 136 respondents who were asked to evaluate the importance of 12 successful aging items developed in Asian societies involving the Chinese population. Results: Results from factor analysis reveal three distinct factors out of the 12 items of successful aging—(a) psychosocial and economic well-being, (b) physical well-being, and (c) social support from adult children. The former two factors were perceived as important dimensions of successful aging by most survey participants, and approximately 35%-41% respondents viewed items composing Factor 3 as important. Discussion: Results suggest that elderly Chinese in Hawai'i have unique perceptions of successful aging that go beyond the Rowe and Kahn's biomedical model to include more psychosocial components. In addition, their perceptions are similar to but slightly different from perceptions of elderly Chinese in China and Singapore in levels of familism. Our findings indicate cultural variation of successful aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]