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Objective: This study aimed to investigate methodologies for the extraction and purification of polysaccharides from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruits and their impact on various cellular processes in prostate cancer DU145 cells, including survival rate, migration, invasion, cell cycle, and apoptosis., Results: Compared to the control group, the polysaccharide exhibited a significant reduction in the viability, migration, and invasion rates of DU145 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner within the polysaccharide-treated groups. Additionally, it effectively arrested the cell cycle of DU145 cells at the G0/G1 phase by downregulating the expressions of CDK-4, CDK-6, and Cyclin D1. Furthermore, it induced apoptosis by upregulating the expressions of Caspase 3, Caspase 8, Caspase 9, and BAX., Methods: Polysaccharides were extracted from Rosa roxburghii Tratt sourced from Yunnan, China. Extraction and decolorization methods were optimized using response surface methodology, based on a single-factor experiment. Polysaccharide purification was carried out using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The optimal dosage of R. roxburghii Tratt polysaccharide affecting DU145 cells was determined using the CCK-8 assay. Cell migration and invasion were assessed using transwell and scratch assays. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the effects on the cell cycle and apoptosis. Western blotting and Quantitative real-time PCR were utilized to examine protein and mRNA expressions in DU145 cells, respectively., Conclusions: Rosa roxburghii Tratt polysaccharides, consisting of D-mannose, L-rhamnose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-galacturonic acid, D-glucose, D-galactcose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, and L-fucose, possess the ability to hinder DU145 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while inducing apoptosis through the modulation of relevant protein and gene expressions.

Through a survey of rose diseases in the South Tropical Garden in Kunming, China, it was found that black spot was the most common and serious disease of rose cultivated in the open air there, with an incidence of more than 90%. In this study, fungus isolation was performed on leaf samples of five black spot susceptible varieties of rose from the South Tropical Garden by tissue isolation. 18 strains of fungus were initially obtained, and seven of them were finally identified to cause black spot symptoms on healthy leaves of rose after verification by Koch's rule. By observing the morphology of colonies and spores, and constructing a phylogenetic tree by combining molecular biology and multiple genes, two pathogenic fungus were identified, namely, Alternaria alternata and Gnomoniopsis rosae. G. rosae was the first pathogenic fungi of rose black spot isolated and identified in this study. The results of this study can provide a reference base for further research and control of the black spot disease of rose in Kunming., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Abstract: Natural pigments have been used preferentially in food and cosmetic production. Recent interest in Yunnan on the potential use of the rose red pigment(s) (RRP) of Rosa hybridum (hybrid tea) cv. Crimson Glory (parentage: Catherine Kordes×W.E. Chaplin) which flourishes in plantations as the ‘Yunnan Highland Rose’ (YHR), prompted this study into the development of efficient methods for the extraction and encapsulation of the pigments for wider commercial application. Based on production cost and potential practical application, the best extraction (81.6%) was achieved employing an optimal microwave extraction process. Separation under AB-8 macro porous resin has resulted in a 4.5 fold increase in colour value units. Microencapsulation in the bee’s-wax: Stearic acid (1:1) mix provided the stability of the pigments under different pH, light and heat and further confirmed that the stability of the product was significantly enhanced. This is the first report of effective microencapsulation of RRP from the YHR, facilitating commercial applications for these pigments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Contrastively the characterization of trichomes on Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RR) and R. sterilis S. D. Shi (RS). • Non-glandular trichomes were the main type of RR, while glandular and non-glandular were densely covered on RS. • The expression levels of the core trichome regulator genes varied depending on the trichome types. Trichomes are prevalent on the surfaces of many organs in Rosa and have an important impact on the edibility of the fruit. Here, the diversity, distribution, anatomical structure, and genetic regulation of trichomes in Rosa roxburghii Tratt. (RR) and R. sterilis S. D. Shi (RS) were explored. RS and RR are important commercial crops in China due to their nutritional and medicinal value; however, their consumption and utilization are limited, in part, by the abundance of trichomes on the fruit. Two main forms of trichomes were present in both germplasms, namely glandular and non-glandular trichomes. Non-glandular flagellate and acicular trichomes were observed on the sepals, fruit, major leaf veins, and pedicels of both germplasms, whereas non-glandular branched trichomes were present only on RS. Flagellate trichome exfoliation and acicular trichome lignification occurred gradually on the developing fruit. Capitate glandular and bowl-shaped glandular trichomes were abundant in RS, but were only observed on the major leaf veins of RR. Furthermore, some capitate glandular trichomes on the pedicels were found to develop into prickles in RS. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that vacuolation and in the extraplasmic space occurred in the glandular cells of the capitate trichomes at the late secretory stage. The prickles in RR and RS mainly consisted of lignin, suberin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, though the ratios of these constituents varied between species. The expression levels of several well-known core trichome regulatory genes varied depending on the trichome type. The transcript abundance of GL1 , GL2, and TTG1 was significantly higher in organs covered with acicular trichomes in both RR and RS, while the highest mRNA level of TRY was observed in the glabrous organs, suggesting a negative effect of this gene on trichome formation. Notably, the negative regulatory factor CPC was only highly expressed in the leaf mesophyll of RR, where no glandular trichomes were present, and the GL3 , PDF2-like, and CPC transcription factors co-regulated glandular trichome formation in RS. The expression of these genes peaked in the Fb3-stage buds of RR and B3-stage buds of RS, indicating different key phases for the regulation of trichome initiation. These data provide new insights into the genetic control of trichome formation in two Rosa species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chestnut rose, R. roxburghii Tratt. (Rosaceae) (RR) is an important crop in China due to its nutritional and medicinal values. RR frequently produces trichomes on the surfaces of a diverse range of organs, however a genetic component exists to the control of trichome development, with some cultivars having significantly fewer trichomes to others. Certain varieties have fruits that are thickly covered with macroscopic trichomes, which is an undesirable trait for fruit processing and consumption. However, smooth-fruit cultivars exist, such as R. roxburghii Tratt. f. esetosa Ku (RRE). Despite their economic importance, the anatomical features of trichomes have not been explored in detail for these two chestnut rose germplasms. Here, we investigate the ultrastructure of trichomes distributed on the stem, sepal, and fruit of RR and RRE using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The internal structure of stem prickle trichomes in RR and RRE was oval in shape and did not contain nucleoli or other organelles. The cell walls of stem prickles in RR are thick and the intercellular spaces occupied with liquid, whereas the cells wall of stem prickles in RRE are thin and have air-filled intercellular spaces. The cells of sepal acicular trichomes in RR and glandular trichomes (GTs) of sepals in RRE had similar vacuole sizes, cytoplasm content, intercellular spaces, and arrangement of plastids within cells. However, there were osmiophilic granules present in the GTs of RRE. The flagelliform trichomes in the sepals of the two germplasms are composed of oval or rod-shaped cells. Although the flagelliform trichomes in the sepals of the two germplasms had a similar internal structure, and both contained starch grains and plastids with visible thylakoid membranes, the flagelliform trichomes in the sepals of RR had a thinner cell wall and a higher proportion of cytoplasm which was more evenly distributed across the cell. There were granules that stained heavily with osmium tetroxide which occurred infrequently in the flagelliform trichomes of sepals in RRE but were not observed in RR. On the acicular trichomes of fruit in RR, the flagelliform trichomes and the GTs of fruit in RRE shared similar cell morphology, arrangement and vacuole size as well as intercellular space. Both the fruit flagelliform trichomes and GTs in RRE contain granules which stain heavily with osmium tetroxide, and the GTs contain plastids and starch grains. These differences in trichome cell ultrastructure may be related to developmental processes or biological functions of the trichomes. These results also suggest that the two chestnut rose germplasms are good candidates for further study of trichome ontogeny in the genus and subsequent breeding of the smooth organ trait in this species., (© 2021 The Authors. Microscopy Research and Technique published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

• The volatile compounds of tea-scented roses have great value in developing new plant aroma. • R. odorata released more compounds from benzodiazepine metabolic pathway, such as 3,5-dimethoxytoluene and phenyl ethanol. • R. chinensis released high amounts of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene. • Bud stage is the best time to harvest single flowers and half-open stage is the best time for double flower. Roses are culturally and economically important ornamental plants in the perfume industry. Rosa odorata , the unique rose species in Yunnan region of China, with strong fragrance and abundant varieties, played a prominent role in the formation of modern roses' tea-scent. In the present study, three taxa of Rosa odorata and three taxa of R. chinensis germplasm resources were examined for their chemical profiles of volatile compounds of flower extracts at different flowering stages by sensory analysis and solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC–MS) analysis. A total of 103 volatile organic compounds (VOC) were detected, including 33 major compounds. The release of total VOC was in the following order: OG (R. odorata var. gigantea) > CSR (R. chinensis var. spontanea Red) > CSW (R. chinensis var. Spontanea White) > COB (R. chinensis 'Old Blush') > OE (R. odorata var. erubescens) > OO (R. odorata var. odorata). The production and release of floral VOC in double flowers were delayed by those in single flowers. Principal component analysis showed that some benzodiazepines and sesquiterpenoids were their characteristic substances, which could separate R. odorata and R. chinensis. R. odorata contained more volatile compounds originated from benzodiazepine metabolic pathway, such as 3,5-dimethoxytoluene and phenyl ethanol, which were not found in R. chinensis. In addition, the release of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene in R. chinensis was significantly higher than that in R. odorata. This study could provide a platform for floral gene mining and floral improvement breeding of ornamental plants to develop new raw materials for plant essential oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species, Diplolepis valtonyci Zhu, Wang Pujade-Villar sp. nova, is described from Rosa rugosa Thunb. (1784) and R. davurica Pall. (1788) from China using an integrative approach based on molecular and morphological data. Diagnosis, distribution, and biology of the new species are given and illustrated. The phylogenetic relationship between D. valtonyci sp. nova and other Diplolepis species are assessed based on COI and Cytb genes. A key to the Chinese species of Diplolepis is provided.

Background: A few studies have demonstrated the association of poorer olfactory identification (OI) with poorer cognition in population-based cohorts. None of them considered the outcome associated with the inability to smell a certain odor., Objective: To verify the hypothesis that at least one specific odor is associated with incident cognitive decline among older adults., Methods: In the Shanghai Aging Study, a sub-cohort of 948 dementia-free participants who had baseline OI measurements were prospectively followed for 5 years., Results: An inability to smell peppermint (β = -0.44, p < 0.001), rose (β = -0.14, p = 0.040), or coffee (β = -0.37, p = 0.002) was inversely related to the annual rate of change in the Mini Mental State Examination score, and an inability to smell peppermint was associated with a higher risk for incident dementia (hazard ratio 2.67, 95% CI 1.44-4.96) after adjustment for confounders., Conclusion: Our study suggests that some odors, especially peppermint, might be considered as a potential predictor for dementia in older populations., (© 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

As a kind of edible herbal plant, rose is recorded both in the literature of Han medicine and medicine of Uighur ethnic group, yet with different understanding on its function and different clinical application as well. Both Han and Uighur medicine maintain that rose possesses the functions of improving one's look and moisturizing the skin, aromatic deodorant and invigorating spleen to treat inflammation and damage, hematemesis, pain and diarrhea etc. In addition, rose is also used to treat wind bi (impediment or migratory arthralgia), acute mastitis, breast lump and depression in Han medicine, while in Uighur medicine, it is also used to treat constipation, palpitation, flat wart and dry throat.