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Animal experiments have played a significant role in advancing scientific knowledge and enhancing people's quality of life. In order to better understand the opinions and knowledge of veterinary students in the domain of laboratory animal welfare and to explore and advance the teaching methods used in animal ethics education, a questionnaire was designed and used to conduct a survey among undergraduate and postgraduate students majoring in veterinary medicine. The survey encompassed various topics, such as students' level of knowledge about animal welfare, their perspectives on laboratory animals, their proficiency with animal experiments, and their opinions on teaching methods and content. The respondents were a total of 150 undergraduate students and 148 graduate students. The survey results indicated that most students expressed a strong sense of responsibility for the safeguarding of the welfare of experimental animals. However, there were a few students who lacked compassion for animals. Additionally, there was a general lack of basic theoretical knowledge of animal ethics and an inadequate grasp of experimental techniques among current students. Furthermore, most of the participants expressed a strong sense of responsibility to advocate for animal welfare. Although a substantial number of students were unaware of the existence of agencies for the supervision of work involving laboratory animals, they supported teaching and supervision in the domain of animal welfare and were open to various teaching methods and topics of content. In conclusion, targeted training and education regarding laboratory animal welfare and ethics should be conducted in the future to address the specific needs of students. This study provides a foundation for future animal welfare education and will help to improve the professional skills and humanistic qualities of veterinary students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beach ecosystem provides services that produce substantial economic value. Different functions of beach resources (recreation and tourism, amenity, coastal protection, biodiversity, etc.) perform inherently different characteristics and contribute diversely to human welfare and fortune. Yet, there have been rare quantification estimations for economic contributions of beaches to human life. Here, framework of beach ecosystem services based on key functions is established, then a series of integrated quantification methods are summarized by published literature and a few novel estimations. Economic contributions of beach resources are obtained through application in fifty-nine coastal cities of China in recent ten years. Spatial added values in real estate benefiting from beaches are separated out economically for the first time. In China, beach resources of 3100 km generate an economic value of at least ¥4.00 × 1012 ($579.60 × 109) during the time interval 2010–2019. Furthermore, legislation, international tourism competitiveness, beach nourishment and restoration issues are discussed; dynamic pattern and healthy-recycled beach economy are creatively proposed according to the needs of sustainable development. This study explores the interface between ecosystem services and economics for beach resources, provides straight recognition upon beaches' economic contribution (least estimation), and promotes understanding of social and natural impacts on China's beach economy. • A holistic framework of economic estimation for beach resources is established and applied with time and space in national scale. • Spatial added value in real estate benefiting from beach resources is separated out of housing price in China's coastal cities for the first time. • Dynamic pattern and healthy-recycled beach economy are creatively proposed according to the needs of sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]