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Granitoids, an important part of the continental crust, are the direct and indelible evidence of the accretion and reworking process of the continental crust in different tectonic settings. Therefore, these early geodynamic mechanisms can be roughly reconstructed by analysing the geochemical characteristics of granitoids. In this study, the Permian–Triassic Granitoids widely distributed in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB) are studied to determine their chronology and petrogenesis to restrict their source regions and establish the significance of their geodynamic and crustal growth. Zircon inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) dating results show that the crystallization ages of these granitoids are between 252–240 Ma, during the early and middle Triassic. These granitoids have high SiO2 and medium Na2O + K2O contents, plotting into the granite region, and calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline series on the SiO2–Na2O + K2O and SiO2–K2O diagrams, respectively. All the samples have aluminium saturation index (A/CNK) values from 1.00 to 1.25 showing peraluminous characteristics. In terms of trace and rare earth elements, the samples are depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs) such as Nb, Ta, P, and Ti and are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) such as Rb, K, Ba, and U. Moreover, all granitoids show right-inclined rare earth element (REE) distribution patterns with weak to moderate Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.50–0.93). In addition, the samples have low P2O5 contents, 10,000*Ga/Al ratios (1.65–2.39), and Zr + Nb + Ce + Y (212–262 ppm) displaying affinities to I-type granite. Combined with their εHf (t) values of −2.31 to 4.44, with 1.0–1.4 Ga two stage model ages (TDM2), they are considered to be the products of the reworking of the Mesoproterozoic lower crust; therefore, they are not related to the continental net growth in the EKOB. On the tectonic discrimination diagrams of granitoids, all the samples fall into the area of volcanic arc granite (VAG) and continental margin arc; this suggests that the Paleo-Tethys Ocean slab was still in the subduction stage during 252–240 Ma, and the continental collision had not yet started. Based on the plenty of magmatic rock dating results published previously, it appears there are two magmatic peak periods (260–240 Ma and 230–210 Ma) and one magmatic intermittence period (240–230 Ma) during the late Permian to Triassic of the EKOB, corresponding to three geodynamic evolution stages of subduction, post-collision extension, and syn-collision, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common type of esophageal cancer in China. The use of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for the treatment of ESCC is gradually increasing. Camrelizumab is one such immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) used for treatment. In this retrospective study, we explored the efficacy, safety, and short-term perioperative prognosis of camrelizumab in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for ESCC. Materials and Methods: A total of 254 Chinese patients with ESCC were enrolled in the study; 48 received camrelizumab in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (C-NC group), and 206 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC group). All patients underwent surgery after the completion of 2 cycles of neoadjuvant therapy. Results: Twenty patients (20/48, 41.7%) in the C-NC group and 22 patients (22/206, 10.7%) in the NC group achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR) (p<0.001). Twenty-nine patients (29/48, 60.4%) in the C-NC group and 56 patients (56/206, 27.2%) in the NC group achieved major pathologic remission (MPR) (p<0.001). There was a lower incidence of myelosuppression during neoadjuvant therapy in patients in the C-NC group (33/48, 68.8%) than in the NC group (174/206, 84.5%, p=0.012). The total incidence of adverse reactions during neoadjuvant therapy was also lower in the C-NC group (37/48, 77.1%) than in the NC group (189/206, 91.7%, p=0.003). Patients in the C-NC group had more lymph nodes cleared during surgery than those in the NC group (34 vs.30, p<0.001). The logistic model showed that the treatment regimen, age, and presence of lymph node metastasis were influential factors for achieving a pCR in these patients (p<0.001). Regarding other adverse events and surgeryrelated data, there were no significant differences observed between the two groups. Conclusion: Camrelizumab in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an efficacious neoadjuvant regimen with an acceptable safety profile and does not increase the difficulty of surgery or the incidence of complications. A pCR is more likely to be achieved in patients treated with camrelizumab in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, in younger patients, or in those without lymph node metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guojiagou Pb–Zn deposit is located in Li County, Gansu Province, northwestern China. The ores consist of skarn and vein types, with the skarn type occurring at the contact zone between granodiorite and marble, and the vein type hosted in the extension faults within the Triassic Huashiguan Formation limestone. Granodiorite samples from the Weijiazhuang pluton show high ratios of Sr/Y (32.25–43.44) and (La/Yb) N (15.7–16.5), small Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.73–0.80), high concentrations of Mg# (57.6–64.2), Cr (100–110 ppm), and Ni (15.9–16.6 ppm), abundant mafic micro-granular enclaves, and have zircon εHf (t) values of −1.9 to −4.6 and T DM2 of 1149.6 to 1285 Ma. This suggests that the Weijiazhuang granodiorites were generated by the partial melting of the Meso-Proterozoic high-K basaltic lower crust with the addition of mantle-sourced melts. The ore-forming process can be subdivided into five stages: prograde skarn (stage I), retrograde skarn (stage II), quartz-sulfide (stage III), sphalerite-calcite (stage IV), and quartz-calcite (stage V). The δ13C values range from −5.1 to −1.3 ‰ and δ18O values range from −4 to 18.6 ‰ in calcites, suggesting a mixed source of magma, limestone, and pore or basinal water for CO 3 2−. The δ34S values (6–7.7 ‰) of sulfides indicate that sulfur mainly originated from magma, with a minor contribution from host limestone. The Pb isotopes of sulfides from stages III and IV (208Pb/204Pb = 38.176–39.218, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.889–15.678, and 206Pb/204Pb = 18.147–18.903) showed mixed sources of crust and mantle. The Weijiazhuang pluton and Guojiagou Pb–Zn deposit yield ages of 220 ± 1.8 Ma (MSWD = 0.35) and 213 ± 3.0 Ma (MSWD = 1.5), respectively, obtained by zircon and garnet LA–ICP–MS U–Pb analysis. These results indicate that the Guojiagou Pb–Zn deposit formed in a syn -collisional tectonic regime during the Late Triassic. Based on the data presented in this study and previous research on mineralization in the eastern West Qinling Orogen, we conclude that the Guojiagou Pb–Zn deposit is a typical skarn-type deposit and that Pb–Zn mineralization in the eastern West Qinling Orogen is closely related to Triassic magmatism, which provided not only thermal energy but also ore-forming materials and fluids. • The granodiorites were mainly generated by partial melting of Meso-Proterozoic high-K basaltic lower crust. • Ore-forming fluids and materials originated from magma and host limestone. • The Guojiagou Pb–Zn deposit yields U-Pb ages of 220 ± 1.8 Ma (MSWD = 0.35) for zircons and 213 ± 3.0 Ma (MSWD = 1.5) for garnets, respectively. • The Pb–Zn mineralization in the eastern QOB was closely related to Triassic magmatism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An empirical study of the performance of the 6th generation ports (6GP) model is conducted for six container ports in mainland China. • A novel hybrid methodology is developed, comprising of CFPR, TOPSIS, and VIKOR. • Insights and implications for port managers, shipping companies, freight forwarders, and policy-makers, are suggested in the post-pandemic era. • This paper contributes to expanding the port devolution theory. Since the UNCTAD proposed the initial port model, called the first generation port model (1GP) in 1994, its adaptation and transformation have evolved, reflecting not only the evolution of port operations and technological advancements, but also the resilience of ports to natural disasters and supply disruptions. Recently, the trio of COVID-19, digitalization, and decarbonization (CDD) has emerged as core challenges whilst providing numerous opportunities for building adaption and resilience for the port industry. In light of this, the sixth generation ports (6GP) model has emerged. This paper addresses crucial research gaps by empirically testing the 6GP model, emphasizing the impact of emerging factors of the CDD, including 1) the lack of empirical testing for the 6GP model and the emphasis on the CDD; 2) the exploration of factors contributing to the significant development of Chinese container ports; 3) the investigation into how the CDD lead to the reversal of the port devolution continuum path. In doing so, an empirical study has been conducted, focusing on six major container ports in mainland China, all of which are among the world's top 10 container ports in terms of container throughput. It evaluates the importance of the criteria of the 6GP model with the performance of the six ports. The findings of this research are discussed for managerial and policy implications, enriching the existing literature on port devolution, and providing the port industry with a holistic view of port development and strategy in the post-pandemic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Michelia macclurei (Dandy, 1928) is an evergreen broad-leaved tree species native to South China. This species has great ecological and economic importance. However, the genomic study of M. macclurei has lagged far behind. Here, we reported the complete chloroplast genome sequence of M. macclurei. The chloroplast genome size of M. macclurei was 160,139 bp, consisting of a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions (26,575 bp), which was separated by a large single copy (LSC) region (88,167 bp) and a small single copy (SSC) region (18,822 bp). A total of 113 unique genes were annotated, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. The overall GC content was 39.2%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16 whole chloroplast genome sequences of Michelia species suggested that M. macclurei and M. maudiae are sister to each other, and jointly sister to M. chapensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging sub-/super-synchronous interactions (S2SI) related stability issues caused by the interactions of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind farms and the large-scale ac grids have aroused great concerns. For this particular issue, this article is aimed to fill the gap and propose new time-domain and phasor-domain sub-/super-synchronous impedance models (S2SIM), primarily to disclaim the electro-magnetic stability of the S2SI phenomena. First, the unified dq frame impedance model of the DFIGs have been proposed, including the individual and interactive impact of every control sections, such as the induction machine, the grid-side converter, the rotor-side converter, and the outer dc voltage controller, etc. Then, the more general time-domain S2SIM and phasor-domain shifted frequency S2SIM (SF-S2SIM) have been derived to reveal the electro-magnetic stability mechanism, especially aroused by S2SI. Next, the relationships between S2SIM/SF-S2SIM and the dq/sequence impedance models have been developed based on matrix transformation and the frequency shifting techniques. Finally, the electro-magnetic stability of the practical DFIG-based wind farms, associated with large-scale ac grids in China, have been well evaluated by the proposed S2SIM/SF-S2SIM based electro-magnetic stability method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buyuan River, the largest tributary within the Chinese Lancang-Mekong River region downstream of the Jinghong Dam, plays a crucial role in river function and ecosystem service of the Lancang-Mekong River. The geomorphic evolution of a basin exerts a key control on riverine sediment input and transport. In this study, the geomorphic characteristics of Buyuan Basin are analyzed using morphological parameters, hydrodynamic parameters and the stream power river incision model. The results show that: 1) The slight north-south difference of channel density is most likely due to lithology and independent of tectonic activity and climate. 2) The weak tectonic activity and the low hypsometric integral (HI) value suggest that the macroscopic landform condition limits erosion and sediment production. 3) The logarithmic longitudinal profile of the main channel defends that the upstream sediments generated by erosion are easily deposited in the downstream channel, rather than being transported directly into the Lancang-Mekong River. 4) Approximately 74% of the reaches have annual average stream power less than 500 W·m−1. The narrow variation ranges of stream power in 50% of the river channel indicate relatively stable hydrodynamic environment. 5) Stream erosion and tectonic activity make the longitudinal profiles of the main channel and most tributary channels unstable. The wide range (between 22.01 and 45.58 with θ=0.43) of steepness index (ksn) of longitudinal profiles implies differential uplift in the basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yawan Sb deposit is a large deposit located in the Xihe County, Gansu, northwestern China. Ore bodies are hosted in the Triassic limestone and are controlled by the NE- trending faults, occurring as lamellar, lenticular, veined, and lentil. Based on the cutting relationship between veins and mineral assemblages, the ore-forming process can be divided into four stages: I) pyrite + stibnite + milky quartz stage, II) stibnite + pyrite + gray-black cryptocrystalline quartz stage, III) stibnite + calcite + fluorite stage, and IV) clear and colorless calcite stage. The δ34S values (−2.5 ‰ to 5.8 ‰) of sulfides from stage II are similar to those associated with magmatic systems, but significantly different from the values (δ34S = −12.8 ‰ to 18.8 ‰) of pyrites from strata, suggesting that magmatic sulfur was the source for S2− in stage II. The δ34S values (−9.5 ‰ to −7.5 ‰) of stibnites from stage III are depleted in 34S relative to those of stage II, probably due to the increasingly mixing of meteoric water and SO 4 2− from the strata. The Pb isotopes of sulfides from stage II and III (206Pb/204Pb = 17.745–19.176, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.478–15.711, 208Pb/204Pb = 37.7–38.742) show a mixed source of crust and mantle. The δ13C and δ18O values of calcites range from −0.84 ‰ to 3.94 ‰ and from 4.74 ‰ to 13.24 ‰, respectively, indicating that the ore-forming fluids originated from magmatic water, but influenced by water-rock interaction and meteoric water in the late stage. The Sm Nd isochron age of five calcite simples from stage III is 199.9 ± 1.7 Ma (MSWD = 1.6) with initial ε Nd values of −8.4, indicating that Yawan Sb deposit formed in the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic. On the basis of the data obtained in this paper, we consider that the Yawan Sb deposit is a distal magmatic-hydrothermal deposit formed during the transitional tectonic regime from the syn -collision to post-collision. Combined with previous studies, future exploration should focus on the distal magmatic-hydrothermal Sb deposits controlled by faults around concealed granites, and skarn-type deposits also need attention in Yawan-Daqiao district. • The Yawan Sb deposit is a distal magmatic-hydrothermal deposit. • Ore-forming components originally derived from deep magmas. • The dating of calcite intergrown with stibnite indicates that the Yawan Sb deposit was formed at 199.9 Ma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke are common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to explore the differences in the risks of CHD and stroke between Chinese women and men with T2DM and their association with metabolic syndrome (MS). This study included 1514 patients with T2DM. The Asian Guidelines of ATPIII (2005) were used for MS diagnosis, and the UKPDS risk engine was used to evaluate the 10-year CHD and stroke risks. Women had lower CHD risk (15.3% versus 26.3%), fatal CHD risk (11.8% versus 19.0%), stroke risk (8.4% versus 10.3%), and fatal stroke risk (1.4% versus 1.6%) compared with men with T2DM (p<0.05–0.001). The CHD risk (28.4% versus 22.6%, p<0.001) was significantly higher in men with MS than in those without MS. The CHD (16.2% versus 11.0%, p<0.001) and stroke risks (8.9% versus 5.8%, p<0.001) were higher in women with MS than in those without MS. In conclusion, our findings indicated that Chinese women with T2DM are less susceptible to CHD and stroke than men. Further, MS increases the risk of both these events, highlighting the need for comprehensive metabolic control in T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thousands of hot springs are located in the north-eastern part of the Yunnan- Tibet geothermal zone, which is one of the most active geothermal areas in the world. However, a comprehensive and detailed understanding of microbial diversity in these hot springs is still lacking. In this study, bacterial and archaeal diversities were investigated in 16 hot springs ( pH 3.2-8.6; temperature 47-96° C) in Yunnan Province and Tibet, China by using a barcoded 16 S rRNA gene-pyrosequencing approach. Aquificae, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Deinococcus- Thermus and Bacteroidetes comprised the large portion of the bacterial communities in acidic hot springs. Non-acidic hot springs harboured more and variable bacterial phyla than acidic springs. Desulfurococcales and unclassified Crenarchaeota were the dominated groups in archaeal populations from most of the non-acidic hot springs; whereas, the archaeal community structure in acidic hot springs was simpler and characterized by Sulfolobales and Thermoplasmata. The phylogenetic analyses showed that Aquificae and Crenarchaeota were predominant in the investigated springs and possessed many phylogenetic lineages that have never been detected in other hot springs in the world. Thus findings from this study significantly improve our understanding of microbial diversity in terrestrial hot springs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Because of rapid alterations in lifestyle and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis (CA) and carotid plaque (CP) may increase in China. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of CA and CP as well as its relation to MetS in an East Chinese population. Methods The study included 6142 subjects who underwent general health screening including carotid ultrasonography in 2009. Diagnoses of MetS were made according to the revised Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Results The prevalence of CA and CP increased gradually with age. These conditions were more prevalent in men than in women (CA: 22·1% vs 12·0%, P < 0·001; CP: 12·6% vs 7·2%, P < 0·001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male gender, age, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were risk factors for CA and CP, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was protective for CA. Age ≥50 years has the largest impact on CA and CP, followed by elevated blood pressure and elevated blood glucose. Individuals with MetS had a higher prevalence of CA (27·7% vs 20·0% in men, 24·0% vs 10·3% in women; P < 0·001 in both) and CP (16·6% vs 11·2% in men, P < 0·001; 11·8% vs 6·5% in women, P < 0·005) than those without MetS. The prevalence and odds ratios of CA and CP aggregated with an increasing number of MetS components, even in individuals exhibiting only one component. Conclusions These results indicate that CA and CP have become a major public health problem in China. MetS and its components were associated with an increased prevalence of CA and CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth version (DSM-5) was published, the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) was modified to adapt the new version (K-SADS-PL DSM-5). We translated it to Chinese (K-SADS-PL-C DSM-5) and described its reliability and validity.Methods: A total of 154 groups of 6 to 18-year-old children and their guardians were included. Trained interviewers interviewed subjects using the K-SADS-PL-C DSM-5. Interrater reliability was assessed by audio recording. Parent-reported scales, like child behavior checklist (CBCL), the Chinese version of Swan-son Nolan and Pelham, version IV scale-parent form (SNAP-IV), social responsiveness scale (SRS-1), and children-reported scales like depression self-rating scale for children (DSRSC) and the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED) were used to examine the validity of depressive disorder, ADHD, ASD, and ODD.Results: The K-SADS-PL-C DSM-5 had fair to excellent interrater (0.537-1.000) and test-retest (0.468-0.885) reliability of affective disorder and neurodevelopment disorder. The convergent validity of affective disorder and neurodevelopment disorder was good, and their divergent validity was acceptable.Limitations: i) Clinical questionnaires were insensitive in classifying disorders and had limitations in derived diagnoses. ii) Samples only came from clinical environment, iii) covered limited disease species, and iv) were small.Conclusion: The K-SADS-PL-C DSM-5 can support reliable and valid diagnoses for children with affect, neurodevelopmental, and behavioral disorders in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been suggested that archaea carrying the accA gene, encoding the alpha subunit of the acetyl CoA carboxylase, autotrophically fix CO2 using the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate pathway in low-temperature environments (e.g., soils, oceans). However, little new information has come to light regarding the occurrence of archaeal accA genes in high-temperature ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the abundance and diversity of archaeal accA gene in hot springs in Yunnan Province, China, using DNA- and RNA-based phylogenetic analyses and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that archaeal accA genes were present and expressed in the investigated Yunnan hot springs with a wide range of temperatures (66-96 °C) and pH (4.3-9.0). The majority of the amplified archaeal accA gene sequences were affiliated with the ThAOA/HWCG III [thermophilic ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA)/hot water crenarchaeotic group III]. The archaeal accA gene abundance was very close to that of AOA amoA gene, encoding the alpha subunit of ammonia monooxygenase. These data suggest that AOA in terrestrial hot springs might acquire energy from ammonia oxidation coupled with CO2 fixation using the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate pathway.

The samples of different age (1-4 years old) Phyllostachys praecox plants and their organs (leaf, branch, and culm) were collected from their main production area in Lin' an County, Zhejiang Province of East China to study the contents and the uptake and accumulation characteristics of silicon and other nutritional elements, as well as the interrelations between Si and other nutrient elements. In the P. praecox plants, the C content in aboveground part was in the order of culm > branch> leaf, whereas the Si, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe and Mn contents were in the order of leaf > branch > culm. Mn was mainly accumulated in leaf, while the other nine nutrient elements were mainly accumulated in the culm of 1-year old plants. The average Si content in the aboveground part of 3-4 year old plants was 13.66 g x kg(-1), suggesting that P. praecox belonged to Si accumulation plant. The leaf N, P, K, and Mg contents decreased, while the C, Al, and Mn contents increased with increasing plant age. The Si uptake by the aboveground part was mainly occurred in the second year (57.1%), while the N and K uptake was mainly in the first two years (67.7% - 93.7%). Thereafter, the N and K flowed out from the aboveground part, with the outflow rates reached 19.1% - 39.1% of the total accumulated amounts. The Si in P. praecox was significantly correlated with Ca, Al, and Mn, and negatively correlated with N, P, K, and Mg.

A Gram-negative and aerobic bacterium, designated YIM 77875(T), was isolated from a geothermal soil sample collected at Rehai National Park, Tengchong, Yunnan Province, south-west China. Bacterial growth occurred from 37 to 65 °C (optimum 50 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0-1 % NaCl (w/v). Cells were rod-shaped and colonies were convex, circular, smooth, yellow and non-transparent. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain YIM 77875(T) belongs to the genus Lysobacter. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain YIM 77875(T) and other species of the genus Lysobacter were all below 94.7 %. The polar lipids of strain YIM 77875(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and five unknown phospholipids. The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-8 and the G+C content was 68.8 mol%. Major fatty acids were iso-C(16:0), iso-C(15:0) and iso-C(11:0). On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, as well as genotypic data, strain YIM 77875(T) represents a novel species, Lysobacter thermophilus sp. nov., in the genus Lysobacter. The type strain is YIM 77875(T) (CCTCC AB 2012064(T) = KCTC 32020(T)).

A novel Gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming, thermophilic actinomycete, designated strain YIM 77521(T), was isolated from a sandy soil sample collected at Rehai National Park, Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. The strain formed branched substrate mycelia and no fragmentation was found. Masses of short, straight or irregular chains of three to eight warty ornamented spores were borne from aerial mycelia. The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall and the whole-cell sugars contained mannose, galactose, glucose and ribose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H(4)), MK-9(H(6)) and MK-9(H(8)). The diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and N-acetylglucosamine-containing phospholipids. The major fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0), C(17 : 0) 10-methyl and C(18 : 0). The DNA G+C content of strain YIM 77521(T) was 73.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM 77521(T) fell within the radiation of the suborder Streptosporangineae and formed a distinct monophyletic lineage adjacent to the family Streptosporangiaceae with a high bootstrap value. On the basis of combined data from the phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain YIM 77521(T) represents a novel genus and species within the family Streptosporangiaceae, for which the name Thermocatellispora tengchongensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 77521(T) ( = DSM 45615(T)  = CCTCC AA 2011013(T)).

Two novel Gram-positive, spore-forming, thermophilic actinomycetes, designated as strain YIM 77501(T) and YIM 77570, were isolated from a sandy soil sample collected at Tengchong National Volcanic Geological Park, Yunnan province, south-west China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that the two isolates fell within the family Streptosporangiaceae. The strains formed extensively branched substrate and aerial mycelia which carried masses of long, straight or irregular spore chains composed of warty ornamented spores. Cell walls of the two strains contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and glucose, galactose, mannose and ribose were detected as whole-cell sugars. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H(4)) and MK-9(H(6)). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, N-acetylglucosamine-containing phospholipids and phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(16:0) and 10-methyl C(17:0). The DNA G+C content was 74-76 mol%. On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics as well as the phylogenetic analysis, these strains represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Streptosporangiaceae, for which the name Thermoactinospora rubra gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of T. rubra is YIM 77501(T) (=DSM 45614(T) = CCTCC AA 2011014(T)).

Diversity of Crenarchaeota was investigated in eight terrestrial hot springs (pH 2.8-7.7; temperature 44-96 degrees C) located in Tengchong, China, using 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis. A total of 826 crenarchaeotal clones were sequenced and a total of 47 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified. Most (93%) of the identified OTUs were closely related (89-99%) to those retrieved from hot springs and other thermal environments. Our data showed that temperature may predominate over pH in affecting crenarchaeotal diversity in Tengchong hot springs. Crenarchaeotal diversity in moderate-temperature (59-77 degrees C) hot springs was the highest, indicating that the moderately hot-temperature springs may provide optimal conditions for speciation of Crenarchaeota.

Thirteen weathering profiles of typical rocks such as limestone, dolomitic limestone, dolomite, sillcalite, black shale and purple sandrock from Wujiang catchments were selected for discussing enrichment and release behavior of uranium (U) during rock weathering, and studying its impact on riverine U distribution in the catchments during weathering of these rocks with methods of correlation analysis and mass balance calculation. The purpose of this study is to improve our understanding on biogechemical cycling of U and set a basis for catchment protection against U pollution. The results show that the enrichment extent of U in soils from the Wujiang catchments is usually higher than that of upper continental crust (UCC), China soil (CS) and world soil (WS). The ability of enrichment and release of U is partly controlled by content of U in bedrocks, contents and adsorption ability of clay minerals and Fe-oxides/hydroxides in weathering profiles. Our study also reveals that release of U mainly from weathering of limestone and partly from weathering of dolomite and clastic rocks exerts an important control on riverine U distribution.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Chinese guidelines issued on December 2001 on in-hospital management and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction., Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in patients hospitalized in our hospital with acute myocardial infarction from January 1994 to December 2004., Results: There were 1783 patients enrolled in our study. Reperfusion therapy was undergone in 21.7% of patients hospitalized between 1994 and 2001, and in 35.8% of patients hospitalized between 2002 and 2004 (P < 0.001). Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers, lipid regulating agents and antithrombins were used more extensively between 2002 and 2004 than before (all P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the usage of nitrates and antiplatelets before and after the guidelines was issued (98.8% vs 97.9%, P = 0.172; 97.4% vs 98.6%, P = 0.113 respectively). After the guidelines issued, the incidence of angina pectoris, heart failure and death in hospital were lower than before (32.2% vs 41.2%, P < 0.001; 17.2% vs 26.2%, P < 0.001; 6.4% vs 9.4%, P = 0.038)., Conclusions: Chinese guidelines issued on December 2001 have great effect on the management and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. After the guidelines was issued the management became more standardized and the incidence of in-hospital complications was lower than before.