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Temperature has a large influence on insect abundances, thus under climate change, identifying major drivers affecting pest insect populations is critical to world food security and agricultural ecosystem health. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis with data obtained from 120 studies across China and Europe from 1970 to 2017 to reveal how climate and agricultural practices affect populations of wheat aphids. Here we showed that aphid loads on wheat had distinct patterns between these two regions, with a significant increase in China but a decrease in Europe over this time period. Although temperature increased over this period in both regions, we found no evidence showing climate warming affected aphid loads. Rather, differences in pesticide use, fertilization, land use, and natural enemies between China and Europe may be key factors accounting for differences in aphid pest populations. These long-term data suggest that agricultural practices impact wheat aphid loads more than climate warming. A meta-analysis of wheat aphid populations obtained from 120 studies from 1970 to 2017 reveals that pest loads increased in China but decreased in Europe and suggests this is due to differences in pesticide use, fertilization, land use, and natural enemies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: How to accurately predict the occurrence of contamination in the fermentation process of Chlortetracycline? How to prompt field operators to take effective measures in time? This is a difficult problem that the fermentation process of Chlortetracycline has not been solved well.Objective: The aim of this paper is to effectively predict whether the fermentation process of Chlortetracycline is contaminated or not.Methods: A Gaussian process regression soft sensor modeling method with real time integration learning is studied in depth by combining two local learning strategies, namely just-in-time learning (JITL) method and integrated learning method, and a multi-model weighted Gaussian process regression (MWGPR) soft sensor modeling method based on real-time integration learning is proposed in the paper. This soft sensing method was used to study the relationship between the viscosity of fermentation broth and the contamination in fermentation process. A soft-sensing model based on the viscosity of fermentation broth for predicting the signs of contamination is established.Results: The validity of this method is verified by field data. The experimental results demonstrate that the soft sensing model proposed in this paper can effectively determine whether the fermentation broth is infected by hybrid bacteria.Conclusions: The method proposed in this paper is innovative and practical so that field operators can issue early warning and take effective measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Quercetin inhibits multiple PRV strains infection of Vero cells. • Quercetin mainly interacts with PRV and inhibit the viral adsorption on the cell. • In silico data indicated that quercetin may interaction with PRV gD protein. • Quercetin protects against PRV infection in mouse models Pseudorabies virus (PRV) accounts for a critical swine disease incurring economic losses worldwide. Several PRV vaccines are commercially available but these vaccines are effective against only certain prevalent PRV strains in China. To prevent PRV-induced latent infection and decrease the pathogenicity, novel anti-PRV drugs are required to prevent PRV infection. Natural products show exceptional structural diversity representing an important source for developing novel therapeutic agents. Quercetin is a flavonoid with anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and anti-viral activities. This study involved quercetin for studying the anti-PRV function in vitro and in vivo. Quercetin was found to significantly decrease the PRV virulent strain HNX at a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of 2.618 μM and selectivity index 229. This anti-PRV activity of quercetin was found to be dose-dependent. Furthermore, quercetin also inhibited a wide the infections by a spectrum of PRV strains like HNX, Ea, Bartha and Fa strain. These virucidal effects of quercetin suggest the interaction between these molecules and viral particles, and quercetin is responsible for inhibiting the adsorption of PRV infections. The silico assays suggesting that quercetin might interact with the gD-protein on the surface of the PRV important for viral infection. Additional, the quercetin plantar injection protected the mice from the lethal challenge, decreasing the PRV-infected mice's brain viral loads and mortality. These results provides a anti-PRV strategy and contribute to drug discovery and development. [Display omitted] Schematic diagram of quercetin interaction with Pseudorabies viruses in Vero cells [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) continues to be a major cause of visual impairment and blindness in premature infants and children. Objectives: To investigate the incidence of severe ROP receiving treatment in extremely preterm (EP) infants in China over time. The risk factors for ROP treatment were also assessed. Methods: This was a multicentre retrospective study and a subanalysis of baseline data from the "Outcomes of EP infants in China 2010–2019" study. This study was conducted in 68 tertiary neonatal care centres from 31 provinces of China. Infants with a gestational age of 230–276 weeks and admitted to a neonatal unit within the first 72 h of life between 2010 and 2019 were enrolled. Incidence of ROP was analysed in infants who survived to 32 weeks postmenstrual age and screened for ROP. Multivariable modified Poisson regression models were used to identify risk factors for ROP treatment. Results: Among 7295 eligible infants, 4701 (64.5%) survived to 32 weeks postmenstrual age and met ROP screening criteria. Of the 3756 infants who screened and with ROP data, 2320 (61.8%) developed ROP of any stage. The overall incidence of ROP treatment was 12.6%, decreasing from 45.5% at 23 weeks to 8.3% at 27 weeks. During the 10‐year period, the incidence of ROP treatment did not change, although the incidence of any ROP increased over time. Independent risk factors associated with ROP treatment included lower gestational age, small for gestational age, multiple birth, severe intraventricular haemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus and supplemental oxygen duration. Conclusions: The incidence of EP infants receiving ROP treatment showed no change during this 10‐year period in China. Prevention of prematurity and foetal growth restriction, judicious use of oxygen and reducing comorbidities are promising factors that may reduce the incidence of ROP needing treatment in these high‐risk infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about how health behaviors cluster to form meaningful patterns that influence health outcomes in young adult nursing students. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the unique health behavior patterns among young adult nursing students in China and examine the associations between health behaviors and chronic diseases. Methods: Using an electronic app, the achievements of an exercise target, sedentary behavior, smoking and drinking, and dietary patterns were assessed in 1,480 nursing student participants aged 18–24 years from two medical universities in Eastern China. Results: A four-class model was developed using latent class analysis that included the "failure to achieve exercise target, alcohol-drinking, and insufficient fruit and vegetable group" (Group 1, n = 187, 12.6%), the "alcohol-drinking and sedentary behavior group" (Group 2, n = 290, 19.6%), the "sedentary behavior only group" (Group 3, n = 721, 48.7%), and the "failure to achieve exercise target only group" (Group 4, n = 282, 19.1%). Logistic regressions indicated that nursing students in Group 2 (odds ratio [ OR ] = 0.42), Group 3 (OR = 0.51), and Group 4 (OR = 0.30) were less likely to have chronic diseases than those in Group 1 after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Conclusions: The health behaviors were clustered in different patterns among young adult nursing students. Tailoring interventions to specific groups is suggested to improve health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]