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In the context of Industry 4.0, corporate social responsibility (CSR) plays an increasingly important role in firm risk management. To mitigate risk and improve operational productivity, artificial intelligence (AI), a key disruptive technology, has been increasingly employed in many industries. In this study, we examine the relationship between CSR and idiosyncratic risk (IR) as moderated by AI innovation and operational efficiency based on data from 1614 firms in China during the period from 2010 to 2017. The empirical results show that CSR can negatively affect IR, while beyond a certain level, it acts in the opposite direction, exhibiting a U‐shaped relationship. In particular, operational efficiency shifts the turning point of the U‐shaped curve to the right, implying that firms with high operational efficiency can obtain a higher optimal benefit by improving their CSR. Furthermore, AI innovation flattens the U‐shaped curve, thereby weakening CSR's positive impact on IR. This result indicates that AI innovation is not always beneficial. As AI innovation can have some substitution effect on CSR, enterprises should focus on either CSR or AI innovation as their main differentiation strategy to maximize the utilization of resources. We further instrument CSR using the social expenditure ratio of the province where the firm is headquartered to address a potential endogeneity concern. Finally, we provide several prominent managerial implications for enterprises, governments, and investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last decade has witnessed a sharp rising trend in environmental awareness and protection in China. Green supply chain management (GSCM) has been regarded as an effective tool in China for mitigating the negative effects that firms have on the environment. However, the extent to which GSCM pressures influence GSCM practices, and whether and how GSCM practices affect GSCM performance are topics that remain under‐explored. Combining Institutional Theory, Resource‐Based View (RBV) Theory, and the literature on GSCM, our study sheds light on the relationship among GSCM pressures, practices, and performance under the moderating effect of quick response (QR) technology. Using statistical analysis of the collected data and case studies from companies in China, we establish several results. First, among different GSCM pressures, market and export pressures have significant impacts on GSCM practices, whereas cost pressure does not influence GSCM practices significantly. Second, internal improvement practice exerts a significant impact on GSCM practices, while external improvement practice negatively affects positive economic performance. In addition, ecology practice has significantly influenced environmental, positive economic, and operational performance. Third, QR technology suppresses the positive effect between internal improvement practice and negative economic performance. Two real cases from Huawei (telecommunications technologies) and Beijing Benz Automotive (automobile manufacturing) are conducted to verify the findings and generate additional insights. Our findings contribute to the literature and provide guidance to help governments and companies establish effective and innovative GSCM policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recombinant drug products successfully treat many life-threatening and chronic diseases. The high cost of these drugs makes them inaccessible to the patients particularly in developing countries. Patent expiration of innovator recombinant drug products has led to the development of biosimilars or similar biologics by several manufacturers. Unlike generics, these are not identical to their innovator products because of the differences in the manufacturing process; however, they are similar in quality characteristics, biological activity, safety, and efficacy. The regulatory procedures used for generic drugs cannot be applied for biosimilars as they are large complex structures produced from living cells and can produce potential risk of immune-based adverse reactions. Out of several safety issues related to biosimilars, two main safety concerns are variable potency and immunogenicity, for which a robust long-term pharmacovigilance system is needed. Various guidelines have been issued for the regulatory approval and pharmacovigilance of biosimilars by USFDA, EU, and pharma-emerging countries like China and India. The article includes the pharmacovigilance plan of biosimilars in these countries, discusses the challenges and opportunities in pharmacovigilance through spontaneous reporting systems, and suggests amendments in the existing suspected adverse event reporting form of the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was undertaken to characterize the oncogenicity associated vIL8 (viral interleukin-8) gene at molecular level for three serotype 1 Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV) field isolates recovered from vaccinated poultry flocks. The prime aim was to generate nucleotide sequence data for important oncogenicity associated vIL8 gene of MDV1 which is very much lacking in India. Eighty six blood samples were collected from 15 commercial layer and broiler breeder farms. Isolation was done in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEF) and vIL8 gene was amplified by Polymerization Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The isolates were shown to have a homology of 99.8-100 per cent within themselves and 94.6-95.1 per cent with various isolates of China and 96.6 – 99.5 per cent with other isolates of USA for vIL8 gene. Alignment analysis of the nucleotide sequences had shown nucleotide mutations at three different positions and displayed perfect regularity. Phylogenetic analysis of vIL8 sequence of three isolates and other six reference strains showed that the analyzed nine MDVs could be distinctly separated into two clusters. The study revealed that the field isolates of serotype 1 MDVs circulating in vaccinated flocks had been shown to have consistent mutations in different positions in vIL8 gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of letters published by top 10 publishing countries in journals indexed by Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) during 1987-89, 1997-99 and 2007-09 indicates that the letters published by developed countries including China have declined as proportion of their total output. The number of letters published by Indian scientists has remained constant during the three blocks. These letters were scattered in a large number of journals published from advanced countries of the world and India. The letters came from more than 1000 institutions located in different parts of the country. The highest number of letters was published in the discipline of medicine and the letters published in the field of chemistry had the highest Relative Citation Impact (RCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the labour regime that has taken shape in the construction sector in post-reform India and China. In both countries, expansion of the urban sector has entailed large-scale labour mobilization of wage workers from the lowest agrarian strata. Based on an examination of flexibilities in labour contracts, wage-related issues and the enclosures built into the worksites, it argues that there is a striking parallel in India and China, both in the process involved in the formation of labour regimes as well as in the outcome it has produced for the workers in the construction sector. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The paper discusses the application of growth model as suggested by Egghe and Rao(1992). The present study is aimed to study the growth and dynamics of growth and Indian and Chineese publications in three sub-disciplines of social sciences viz., Economics, Psychology and Sociology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While some reports show that the existing real-life medical resources allocations during epidemic outbreaks are myopic, some experts claim that medical resources allocations based on foresighted future allocations might enable a better balance of supply and demand. To investigate this claim, we develop a foresighted medical resources allocation model to help governments manage large-scale epidemic outbreaks. We formulate a demand forecasting model with a general demand forecasting function based on the last-period demands, extra demand caused by the last-period unfulfilled demand, and uncertain demand. In the foresighted allocation model, the government decides the current-period allocation based on the foresighted demand, which considers the last-period area demand and uncertain demand from the current period to the end of a planning horizon, using a stochastic dynamic program. We find that the optimal allocation is a function of the allocation capacity in each period. The optimal foresighted allocation is always higher than the optimal static (one-period) allocation and decreases with allocation capacity. When the allocation capacity is sufficiently large, the foresighted demand is close to the static demand. Besides, if the cost of oversupply is close to zero, the optimal allocations for both the foresighted allocation and one-period models are the allocation capacity. Our results provide useful managerial implications for a government contemplating medical resources allocation in response to an epidemic outbreak. • Based on real practice in Hubei Province, China, during the COVID-19 outbreak. • Investigate foresighted medical resources allocation and static (myopic) allocation. • Develop and solve a stochastic dynamic program for the foresighted allocation. • Compare the two allocations and investigate conditions that they perform the same. • Provide useful managerial implications for medical resources allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]