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Fire blight, a devastating disease caused by Erwinia amylovora, poses a significant threat to pear and apple trees in Xinjiang province, China. In an effort to combat this pathogen, we isolated 10 bacteria from various components of apple and crabapple trees and conducted screenings to assess their ability to inhibit E. amylovora in vitro. Through biochemical tests and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we identified two promising strains, Priestia megaterium strain H1 and Bacillus subtilis strain I2. These strains were then evaluated for their efficacy in biocontrol under controlled laboratory conditions, focusing on immature fruits and leaves. Remarkably, all selected antagonists exhibited the capability to reduce the severity of the disease on both fruit and leaves. P. megaterium strain H1 and B. subtilis strain I2 exhibited significant reductions in disease incidence on both immature fruits and leaves compared to the control. Specifically, on immature fruits, they achieved reductions of 53.39% and 44.76%, respectively, while on leaves, they demonstrated reductions of 59.55% and 55.53%, respectively. Furthermore, during the study, we detected the presence of lipopeptides, including surfactin, iturins, bacillomycin D, and fengycins, in the methanol extract obtained from these two antagonistic bacteria using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Based on the results obtained, B. subtilis strain I2 and P. megaterium strain H1 exhibit considerable potential for controlling fire blight. However, further evaluation of their efficacy under natural field conditions is essential to validate their practicality as a biocontrol method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives] The paper was to establish the quality standard of Shenqi Qiangjing granules and to conduct routine inspection of granular dosage forms. [Methods] The particle size, moisture, loss on drying, dissolubility, content uniformity and microbial limit of Shenqi Qiangjing granules were detected. Radix Astragali, Herba Epimedii, Radix Dipsaci and Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis were qualitatively identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC). [Results] The particle size, moisture, loss on drying, dissolubility, content uniformity and microbial limit of Shenqi Qiangjing granules were all in line with the relevant regulations of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 edition). Radix Astragali, Herba Epimedii, Radix Dipsaci and Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis had clear fluorescent spots in TLC assay, and no such spots were found in negative control. [Conclusions] The method has the advantages of simple operation, accurate and reliable results, strong specificity and good repeatability, and can effectively control the quality of Shenqi Qiangjing granules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To establish the quality standard of Fuyang Wenshen Granules and carry out the routine examination of granule type. [Methods] The particle size, water content, solubility, loading difference and microbial limit of Fuyang Wenshen Granules were examined, and TLC was used for qualitative identification of Astmgali Radix and Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma. [Results] The particle size, water content, solubility, loading difference, and microbial limit of Fuyang Wenshen Granules complied with the relevant provisions of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020). The TLC spots of Astmgali Radix and Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma were clearly colored, and negative had no interference. [Conclusions] The method was simple, accurate, reliable, specific and reproducible, and can effectively control the quality of Fuyang Wenshen Granules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ailanthus excels belongs to family Simaroubaceae known as tree of Heaven and Mahanimba commonly found in the India and China. The present study involves preliminary screening, qualitative analysis and pharmacological evaluation of extract. The preliminary photochemical screening performed using petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extract. Analytical techniques like; TLC, FTIR and HPTLC also performed for qualitative and quantitative determination. Various chemical tests also performed for qualitative determination of alkaloids, flavanoids, phenols, terpenoids, steroids and saponins in plant extracts. Plant extract finally subjected to antibacterial and antifungal activities and findings of study suggested that plant extracts possesses potent antibacterial and antifungal activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ziyuan3-01 (ZY3-01) satellite is China's first civilian stereo surveying and mapping satellite to meet the 1:50,000 scale mapping requirements, and has been operated in orbit for 10 years. The boresight misalignment of the three-line camera (TLC) is an essential factor affecting the geolocation accuracy, which is a principal concern for stereo mapping satellites. However, the relative relationships of TLC are often regarded as fixed for the same ground scene in most traditional geometric calibrations, without considering the on-orbit long-periodic changes. In this paper, we propose a long-periodic method to analyze and estimate the boresight misalignments between three cameras, with the attitude estimation of a nadir (NAD) camera as the benchmark. Offsets and drifts of the three cameras were calculated and calibrated with different compensation models using scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) points as the ground control. Ten simultaneous NAD–Forward (FWD)–Backward (BWD) imagery of the ZY3-01 satellite acquired from 2012 to 2020 were selected to verify the long-periodic changes in TLC boresight misalignments. The results indicate that the boresight alignment angles of ZY3-01 TLC are dynamic during the long-periodic flight, but the structure of TLC is stable for the misalignments of both FWD and BWD within only 7 arc seconds, which can provide a positive reference for subsequent satellite design and long-periodic on-orbit geometric calibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of Morindaofficinalis, which has been used as a Yang-tonic agent for a long time in China, can be evaluated. A double-development high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been established to simultaneously analyze quality and quantity of seven inulin-type oligosaccharides (DP=3-9) in Morindaofficinalis. The chromatography was performed on a silica gel 60 plate with the 7:5:2:1 proportion (v/v) of n-butanol-isopropanol-water-acetic acid for the first and second developments, respectively. The bands were visualized by the reaction with aniline-diphenylamine-phosphoric acid solution and analyzed by densitometric TLC at 540 nm. Quantification of seven oligosaccharides was achieved by densitometry at 540 nm. The investigated standard sugar had good linearity (R2>0.99) within test ranges. The amounts of seven oligosaccharides were calculated by the relative correction factor (RCF). Therefore, the developed TLC method could be used for quality control of Morindaofficinalis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The aerial parts of Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham. (family Asteraceae) have a long history in traditional Chinese medicine as a treatment for various ailments, such as bacterial diarrhea, enteritis, conjunctivitis, and respiratory tract infections., Materials and Methods: A bibliographic investigation of Senecio scandens was accomplished by analyzing secondary sources, including the Chinese Medicinal plantal Classics, the Internet (Google Scholar and Baidu Scholar), and scientific databases accepted worldwide (Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciFinder, and CNKI). These sources were scrutinized for available information about the uses of Senecio scandens in traditional Chinese medicine, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology., Results: Senecio scandens is a medicinal plant with a climbing woody stem. Phytochemical studies have shown the presence of numerous valuable compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, terpenes, volatile oils, carotenoids, and trace elements. Among them, PAs are the characteristic constituents, adonifoline is one of the index ingredients of Senecio scandens. Studies in modern pharmacology have demonstrated that extracts and compounds isolated from Senecio scandens show a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-leptospirosis, hepatoprotective, anti-infusorial, antioxidant, antiviral, antitumoral, analgesic, mutagenic, and toxicological activities., Conclusions: Phytochemical and pharmacological studies have demonstrated that the extracts of the plant possess various pharmacological activities that can be attributed to the presence of various flavonoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids. Newer technologies for qualitative and quantitative methods of PAs need to be developed to obtain better accuracy and sensitivity. Due to the toxicity of PAs present in this medicinal plant, the regulations on PAs of Senecio scandens were varied among different countries and regions. In China, the PAs toxicity of Senecio scandens ranking criteria is not well defined in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010, and there is no strict uniform requirement on the PAs in western countries. We propose that the use of Senecio scandens should be reevaluated based on a set of criteria, which includes risk-benefit analysis and severity of the toxic effects, clinical and preclinical data to ensure safe use while continuing to satisfy the need for access to the medicinal plant., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)