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Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and utility of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) during pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) surgery for dense vitreous hemorrhage (VH)., Methods: A retrospective, consecutive, interventional case series. A total of 68 dense VH patients (71 eyes) were enrolled, and the patients were divided into two groups. The control group (43 eyes) did not receive iOCT and the experimental group (28 eyes) did. All patients with macular structures that could not be assessed by preoperative OCT underwent PPV for dense VH. iOCT images were qualitatively evaluated for retinal abnormalities that might affect intraoperative management. The assessment of iOCT utility was evaluated by the surgeon. Intraoperative membrane peeling, postoperative macular structure, and postoperative visual acuity were compared between the two groups., Results: There were no significant differences in sex, age, different etiologies of VH, or best corrected visual acuity between the two groups at baseline. In the experimental group, iOCT revealed macular edema (eight eyes, 28.6%), epiretinal membranes (ERM, five eyes, 17.9%), macular atrophy (one eye, 3.6%), lamellar macular hole (one eye, 3.6%), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (one eye, 3.6%), and the existence of both macular edema with ERM (one eye, 3.6%). Eight cases showed macular abnormalities on the iOCT images that were inconsistent with the surgeon's judgment without iOCT. iOCT imaging affected the surgical plan for seven of the eight cases. Significantly more iOCT eyes had intraoperative membrane peeling than control eyes (P = 0.01), while significantly fewer iOCT eyes had postoperative ERMs (P = 0.04)., Conclusions: iOCT during PPV for VH may provide the surgeon with clinically relevant information that influences surgical management. The iOCT group had a higher incidence of ERM peeling intraoperatively and lower incidence of ERM postoperatively compared with the control group.

Purpose: To investigate the incidence and relative factors of Terson's syndrome (TS) in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in China., Materials and Methods: A case series study was conducted from November 2009 to June 2010 on 155 patients (310 eyes) with aneurysmal and traumatic SAH. A thorough, direct funduscopic examination was performed on all participants and the incidence of TS analyzed. Associations between TS and gender, state-of-consciousness, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, Hunt-Hess grade, anatomical location of ruptured aneurysms, and mortality rates were analyzed., Results: TS was diagnosed in 20 of 155 SAH patients (30 eyes), and detected in 16 (14.16%) of 113 patients with aneurysmal SAH and four (9.52%) of 42 patients with traumatic SAH. No correlations were found between state-of-consciousness, GCS scores, and presence of TS in patients with traumatic SAH. Among patients suffering from aneurysmal SAH, however, significant relationships were observed between state-of-consciousness, GCS scores, Hunt-Hess grades, and incidence of TS (p < 0.01). No statistically significant difference was observed between men and women with regard to the incidence of TS (χ(2) = 0.821, p = 0.365). Furthermore, no correlation was found between location of ruptured aneurysms (p = 1.000), mortality rates (p = 0.146), and incidence of TS., Conclusions: Compared with traumatic SAH, a higher incidence of TS was observed in patients with aneurysmal SAH, a condition significantly associated with a person's overall condition. Therefore, aneurysmal SAH patients with consciousness-disturbance, lower GCS scores, and higher Hunt-Hess grades should be paid particular attention by ophthalmologists when performing fundus examinations. The question of whether SAH with TS is prognostic of spontaneous SAH is an area in need of further study.