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Yellow‐head catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, is an economically important specific species in aquaculture in China. However, at present disease has become a major concern of this fish. In this study, a bivalent vaccine was generated, containing two formalin‐inactivated bacteria at different mixing ratio of 3:7, 5:5 and 7:3 of A. veronii and E. ictaluri in volume with a concentration at 1.0 × 108 CFU mL−1 for each.The immunization efficacies were evaluated by measuring lysozyme activity, serum total protein, serum C3, specific antibodies, expression of immune‐related genes and survival rate against A. veroniiorE. ictaluri. The results showed that the bivalent vaccine with a mixing ratio of 3:7 of A. veroniiandE. ictaluri in volume presented the highest immunization efficacy. In this immunization group, the lysozyme activity, serum total protein and serum C3 had a noticeable increase at 7 dpi. IgM gene was significantly up‐regulated to the peak at 7 dpi in the spleen and at 14 dpi in the kidney after immunization. MR (Mannose receptor) and Ctl (C‐type lectin) genes significantly increased and reached their maximum at 24 h after immunization in both spleen and head kidney. Higher antibody levels were observed in vaccinated fish at day 21 post immunization. The challenge test showed that the relative survival percent in the immunized group with the mixing ratio of 3:7 of A. veroniiandE. ictaluri in volume was 50.61% ± 2.64 and 62.82% ± 2.22 against A. veronii and E. ictaluri infection respectively. These results indicated that the bivalent vaccine of inactivated A. veronii and E. ictaluri can effectively induce immune responses and protect yellow‐head catfish against A. veronii and E. ictaluri infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Prevalence, susceptibility genes, and clinical and radiological features may differ across different ethnic groups of multiple sclerosis (MS). We aim to characterize brain lesions in Chinese patients with MS by use of 7-T MRI., Methods: MS participants were enrolled from the ongoing China National Registry of Neuro-Inflammatory Diseases (CNRID) cohort. 7-T MRI of the brain was performed. Each lesion was evaluated according to a standardized procedure. Central vein sign (CVS) and paramagnetic rim lesions were identified. The characteristics of lesions at patient-level and at lesion-level from previous 7-T MRI literature were also summarized., Results: We included 120 MS patients. Their mean (SD) age was 34.6 (9.4) years. The female-to-male ratio was 1.7:1 and mean disease duration of patients with MS was 5.5 ± 6.1 years. The median EDSS score was 2 (range, 0-8). A total of 8502 lesions were identified with a median lesion count of 45 (IQR, 18-90) (range, 2-370). The median (IQR) percentage for these special locations were as follows: cortical lesions (CLs) 2.7% (0%-5.7%), juxtacortical lesions 16.2% (7.8%-25.7%), periventricular lesions 30.2% (17.2%-38.7%), and infratentorial lesions 5.8% (0.4%-11.9%). CLs occurred in 70 (58%) patients, accounting for only 443 (5%) of the total lesions. Out of the 443 CLs, 309 (69.8%) were leukocortical lesions. CVS appeared in 5392 (63%) lesions from 117 (98%) patients. 1792 (21%) lesions and 104 (87%) patients exhibited a paramagnetic rim., Interpretation: Our study elaborated on the lesion features of Chinese patients with MS by use of 7-T MRI. Lesion burden is heavy in Chinese patients with MS. The median lesion count and proportion of PRL are high. The reported heavy lesion burden calls for ramping up regional and global efforts to care for MS patients. The management and research of Chinese population with MS needs to be further strengthened., (© 2024 The Author(s). Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Neurological Association.)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a prognostic nomogram which could predict the prognosis of north Chinese patients with autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (ACA) after immunotherapy., Methods: Patients with an initial diagnosis of ACA who accepted first-line immunotherapy at our hospital from March 2018 to May 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate neurological outcomes. According to the mRS scores after immunotherapy, patients with ACA were divided into good prognosis group (mRS 0-2) and poor prognosis group (mRS 3-6). The nomogram for poor prognosis of ACA patients were built based on logistic regression analysis. The validation of the prognostic model was evaluated by concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, and decision curve analyses (DCAs)., Results: A total of 86 patients with ACA who received immunotherapy at our hospital were included in this study. They were randomly divided into a training cohort ( n  = 60) and a validation cohort ( n  = 26) at a ratio of 7:3. Multivariate analyses revealed that that prognostic variables significantly related to the poor prognosis of ACA were age, elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) albumin (ALB) and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The nomogram was constructed based on above 3 factors. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.935 (95% CI: 0.884-0.991) in the training set and 0.933 (95% CI: 0.763-0.994) in the validation set. The calibration plots for the nomogram showed that predictions of risk of poor prognosis were almost consistent with actual observations. The DCAs showed great clinical usefulness of the nomograms., Conclusion: We successfully developed a nomogram to predict poor prognosis for ACA patients using risk factors of age, elevated CSF-ALB and abnormal MRI.

Background and Objectives: To identify predictors for relapse in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and to develop and validate a simple risk score for predicting relapse., Methods: In China National Registry of Neuro-Inflammatory Diseases (CNRID), we identified patients with MOGAD from March 2023 and followed up prospectively to September 2023. The primary endpoint was MOGAD relapse, confirmed by an independent panel. Patients were randomly divided into model development (75%) and internal validation (25%) cohorts. Prediction models were constructed and internally validated using Andersen-Gill models. Nomogram and relapse risk score were generated based on the final prediction models., Results: A total of 188 patients (comprising 612 treatment episodes) were included in cohorts. Female (HR: 0.687, 95% CI 0.524-0.899, p = 0.006), onset age 45 years or older (HR: 1.621, 95% CI 1.242-2.116, p < 0.001), immunosuppressive therapy (HR: 0.338, 95% CI 0.239-0.479, p < 0.001), oral corticosteroids >3 months (HR 0.449, 95% CI 0.326-0.620, p < 0.001), and onset phenotype ( p < 0.001) were identified as factors associated with MOGAD relapse. A predictive score, termed MOG-AR (Immunosuppressive therapy, oral Corticosteroids, Onset Age, Sex, Attack phenotype), derived in prediction model, demonstrated strong predictive ability for MOGAD relapse. MOG-AR score of 13-16 indicates a higher risk of relapse (HR: 3.285, 95% CI 1.473-7.327, p = 0.004)., Discussion: The risk of MOGAD relapse seems to be predictable. Further validation of MOG-AR score developed from this cohort to determine appropriate treatment and monitoring frequency is warranted., Trial Registration Information: CNRID, NCT05154370, registered December 13, 2021, first enrolled December 15, 2021.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an inflammatory disorder that may implicate proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in its pathogenesis. The association between TNF-alpha 308 G/A polymorphism and GBS largely remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between TNF-alpha 308 G/A polymorphism and GBS in Chinese Han patients. TNF-alpha 308 G/A polymorphism in 150 GBS patients and 150 healthy controls were studied using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. Patients with GBS had a significantly higher frequency of TNF-alpha 308AA genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 3.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03, 13.94; P = 0.04] than controls. When stratified by the GBS subtype, there was a significantly higher frequency of TNF-alpha 308AA genotype in patients with AMAN (OR = 6.05, 95% CI = 1.45, 25.31; P = 0.01) and AMSAN (OR = 5.56, 95% CI = 1.18, 26.23; P = 0.03) than controls. There was no significant difference in the distribution of each genotype between patients with AIDP and the control group. These data indicated that TNF-alpha 308AA genotype was associated with a higher risk of GBS in Chinese population, especially to AMAN and AMSAN.