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Objective: Depth camera-based measurement has demonstrated efficacy in automated assessment of upper limb Fugl-Meyer Assessment for paralysis rehabilitation. However, there is a lack of adequately sized studies to provide clinical support. Thus, we developed an automated system utilizing depth camera and machine learning, and assessed its feasibility and validity in a clinical setting. Design: Validation and feasibility study of a measurement instrument based on single cross-sectional data. Setting: Rehabilitation unit in a general hospital Participants: Ninety-five patients with hemiparesis admitted for inpatient rehabilitation unit (2021–2023). Main measures: Scores for each item, excluding those related to reflexes, were computed utilizing machine learning models trained on participant videos and readouts from force test devices, while the remaining reflex scores were derived through regression algorithms. Concurrent criterion validity was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, percent agreement and Cohen's Kappa coefficient for ordinal scores of individual items, as well as correlations and intraclass correlation coefficients for total scores. Video-based manual assessment was also conducted and compared to the automated tools. Result: The majority of patients completed the assessment without therapist intervention. The automated scoring models demonstrated superior validity compared to video-based manual assessment across most items. The total scores derived from the automated assessment exhibited a high coefficient of 0.960. However, the validity of force test items utilizing force sensing resistors was relatively low. Conclusion: The integration of depth camera technology and machine learning models for automated Fugl-Meyer Assessment demonstrated acceptable validity and feasibility, suggesting its potential as a valuable tool in rehabilitation assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been shown to positively affect the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the safety and efficacy of FMT may depend on the route of microbiota delivery. This study investigates the acceptance, satisfaction, and selection preference of a new delivery route, transendoscopic enteral tubing (TET), for treating IBD. Methods: A survey was conducted among patients with IBD from five medical centers across China. The objective was to assess their acceptance, subjective feelings, and major concerns regarding two types of TET: colonic TET and mid‐gut TET. In addition, the survey also analyzed the factors affecting the selection of TET and TET types among these patients. Results: The final analysis included 351 questionnaires. Up to 76.6% of patients were willing to accept TET and preferred to choose colonic TET when they first learned about TET. Patients with longer disease duration, history of enema therapy, or enteral nutrition were more open to considering TET among IBD patients. After treatment, 95.6% of patients were satisfied with TET, including colonic TET (95.9%) and mid‐gut TET (95.1%). Patients with a history of enema therapy and ulcerative colitis preferred colonic TET. In contrast, those with a history of enteral nutrition and Crohn's disease were willing to choose mid‐gut TET. However, some patients hesitated to accept TET due to concerns about efficacy, safety, and cost. Conclusions: TET was highly accepted and satisfied patients with IBD. Disease type and combination therapy influenced the choice of colonic or mid‐gut TET. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of this study was to explore molecular characteristics and resistance mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant Raoultella ornithinolytica (CR-ROR) isolated from patients in a hospital in China. Three CR-ROR strains were collected and bacterial identification was done by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) Vitek-MS and by digital DDH analysis. VITEK 2 compact system and Kirby-Bauer (K–B) disk diffusion were used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Whole genome sequencing was carried out using the Illumina platform NovaSeq sequencer. Abricate software was used for the prediction of antibiotic resistance genes of three CR-ROR strains. The phylogenetic tree was constructed through genome SNPs to investigate the genetic relationship of three CR-ROR strains. Three CR-ROR (WF1357, WF2441, and WF3367) strains were collected in this study. Two strains were isolated from neurosurgery (WF1357 and WF2441), and one was isolated from pulmonology department (WF3367). All strains harboured multiple antibiotic resistance genes. Two strains (WF1357, WF2441) carried the bla NDM-1 gene, one of the strains (WF3367) carried the bla KPC-2 gene. Three CR-RORs were resistant to different antimicrobial agents including carbapenems. The three CR-ROR strains collected in this study and 51 CR-ROR strain genomes downloaded from NCBI, were divided into six evolutionary groups (A-F). In this study, three CR-ROR strains were found to have a higher level of resistance to antibacterial agents and carried multiple antibiotic resistance genes. The CR-ROR strains carrying multiple antibacterial resistant genes require the stringent monitoring to avoid the spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China, as the one of the largest developing countries in the world and with about one‐fifth of the global population, is bearing an increasing burden on health from cancer. In the area of esophageal cancer (EC), China accounts for more than 50% of the global cases, with this disease being a particularly worse for those in disadvantaged populations. Along with China's socioeconomic condition, the epidemiology, diagnosis, therapeutics and research of EC have developed throughout the 21st century. In the current review, existing control measures for EC in China are outlined, including the incidence, mortality, screening, clinical diagnosis, multidisciplinary treatment and research landscape. EC in China are very different from those in some other parts of the world, especially in Western countries. Core measures that could contribute to the prevention of EC and improve clinical outcomes in patients of less developed countries and beyond are recommended. International cooperation among academia, government and industry is especially warranted in global EC control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicle-to-TW accidents are one of the largest components of traffic accidents system in China, which always leads to severe accident consequences because the cyclists are vulnerable road users and drive at a high collision velocity. With the development of information and communication technology, automated Emergency Braking (AEB) system has been applied to modern vehicles, which can perform emergency braking automatically in dangerous situations and mitigate the consequence of accident. The purpose of this study is to propose a method to identify the mechanism that affects the effectiveness of AEB functions under real-life vehicle-to-TW traffic accident scenarios with Chinese county characteristics. Through the analysis and reconstruction for the sampling accident case-by-case, the whole process of the accident has been reproduced. The trajectory analysis program determines the accident triggering conditions and then generates the virtual physical parameters of the triggering conditions through the virtual sample generation method based on the initial sample. In parallel, the AEB effectiveness simulation program has been established. Plug in parameters of AEB system generated by the Latin hypercube sampling to the AEB effectiveness simulation program for getting the mechanism that affect the effectiveness of AEB functions. The AEB system parameters generated by Latin hypercube sampling are inserted into the AEB effectiveness simulation program to obtain the mechanism that affects the effectiveness of the AEB function. Under the multi-objective optimization problem of accident avoidance rate, technical cost and occupant comfort, the optimal parameters and multi-objective values of AEB are obtained by the NSGA-II algorithm. These results can adapt to Chinese actual traffic conditions to a certain extent, and provide a reliable basis for the research and development of AEB system in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a threat to global health. Increasing studies have shown that the mental health status of health professionals is very poor during the COVID-19 epidemic. At present, the relationship between somatic symptoms and symptoms of anxiety of health professionals during the COVID-19 has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to explore the frequency of somatic symptoms and its related factors in health professionals with symptoms of anxiety during COVID-19 in China. Methods: A total of 606 health professionals were assessed online with the Chinese version of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, 7-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the somatization subscale of Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90). Results: The percentage of symptoms of anxiety, somatic symptoms and insomnia in all health professionals was 45.4%, 12.0%, and 32%, respectively. The frequency of somatic symptoms in health professionals with symptoms of anxiety was 22.9%. The SCL-90 somatization subscale score was significantly positively correlated with history of somatic diseases, GAD-7 score and ISI score in participants with symptoms of anxiety. Conclusion: During the COVID-19, symptoms of anxiety, insomnia, and somatic symptoms are commonly observed in health professionals. Insomnia and symptoms of anxiety are independently associated with somatic symptoms of health professionals with symptoms of anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the intrinsic mechanism and potential evolution of carbon emissions and decoupling states are crucial to the low-carbon development of China's transportation industry. We propose an integrated analytical approach that combines the generalized Divisia index method (GDIM), Tapio, and scenario-based dynamic prediction method to broaden the research framework of low-carbon development in transportation. This proposed approach was employed to investigate the drivers for changes in the carbon emissions and decoupling status of China's transportation during 2005–2019 and the potential evolutionary trajectories during 2021–2030 under different scenarios. The empirical results show that: (1) Investment is the primary contributor to increasing carbon emissions from the transportation industry, the carbon intensity of investment is the main inhibitory factor, and these effects vary widely across the regions of China. (2) Transportation generally exhibits weak decoupling with large fluctuations. The drivers of decoupling transitions are similar to those of changes in carbon emission, but regional differences also exist. (3) The potential carbon emissions and future decoupling states of transportation differ greatly in the three scenarios, of which both peak carbon and strong decoupling states occur in the enhanced low-carbon scenario (ELS). • An integrated analytical approach is proposed to explore the low-carbon development more comprehensively. • Ten driving factors, including four absolute factors simultaneously. • Decoupling analysis considers the industry characteristics. • The trajectories of low-carbon development are more accurately predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Autonomous driving testing scenarios were generated from functional, logical and concrete levels. • Six typical vehicle-to-PTW crash scenarios were built using the clustering method. • A crash trigger scheme was developed according to five dynamic parameters of danger time instant. • A virtual crash generation approach combining the KDE and the ICA was proposed to generate sufficient concrete testing scenarios. A reliable critical-scenario-based safety assessment of autonomous vehicles in China requires a thorough understanding of complex crash scenarios in Chinese background traffic. Based on actual crashes between a vehicle and a powered two-wheeler (PTW) in China, this study generated the autonomous driving testing scenarios from functional, logical and concrete levels. First, 239 video-recorded crash cases were selected from the China In-depth mobility Safety Study - Traffic Accident (CIMSS-TA) database. Using the k -medoids clustering method, six functional scenarios were generalized according to seven crash characteristics (time of day, road type, road surface, obstruction, motion of vehicle, motion of PTW, relative moving direction and position of PTW with respect to vehicle), which contained two straight road scenarios, two T-junction scenarios and two intersection scenarios. Then, using a trajectory analysis program written by Python, the dangerous time instant of each crash was extracted based on the relative trajectory. According to five dynamic parameters of dangerous time instant, namely vehicle velocity (Vehicle_V), PTW X'-coordinate velocity (PTW_VX'), PTW Y'-coordinate velocity (PTW_VY'), PTW X'-coordinate relative position (PTW_LocX') and PTW Y'-coordinate relative position (PTW_LocY'), a crash trigger scheme was built to remain a case challenging when the involved vehicle is replaced by an autonomous vehicle with completely different maneuvers. Using the kernel density estimation (KDE), the logical scenarios were evolved by calculating the distribution of these dynamic parameters in each cluster. The results showed that there were differences in the distribution of dynamic parameters between six functional scenarios. For instance, the Vehicle_V in the scenario where a vehicle turning right impacts with a right/right rear PTW traveling straight ahead was higher than that in the scenario where a vehicle changing to the left lane impacts with a left/left rear PTW traveling straight ahead, with ranges of (10 km/h, 30 km/h) and (5 km/h, 15 km/h), respectively. Finally, considering the correlation of dynamic parameters, a virtual crash generation approach based on the independent component analysis (ICA) representing the original crashes with independent parameters was proposed to obtain sufficient concrete testing scenarios. The results showed that the statistical characteristics of virtual crashes were consistent with those of original crashes. Therefore, the virtual crash generation approach was effective. And a concrete crossing testing scenario with the crash trigger conditions of Vehicle_V = 26.272 km/h, PTW_VX' = 15.567 km/h, PTW_VY' = −1.670 km/h, PTW_LocX' = −27.265 m and PTW_LocY' = 52. 149 m was especially demonstrated. This study provides a theoretical basis for generating autonomous driving testing scenarios and data support for establishing relevant testing schemes tailored to the traffic environment in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 69 in-depth vehicle-PTW accidents captured on video are analyzed. • A 5-steps human function failure model is used to excavate the accident causation. • Poor visibility exists widely in crossing and oncoming accident bundles. • A wider sensing area (field of view = 90°, view detection range = 35 m) is necessary to detect more effectively the conflict PTWs. As the use of powered two-wheeler (PTW) becomes increasingly prevalent, PTW accidents are emerging as a major threat to the people's life and property in China. Understanding the risky behaviors, psychological failures and kinematics in vehicle-to-PTW accidents is an important first step in addressing this issue. Here 69 vehicle-to-PTW accidents captured on video from the Traffic Accident Investigation and Research in China (TAIRC) database are selected and reconstructed. All accidents are categorized into different crash scenarios using a harmonized method. Accident causations are identified from the perspectives of praxeology and psychology. Kinematics characteristics, such as impact speed and relative position, are also analyzed. The results show the crossing accident bundle is the most frequent followed by rear, oncoming and run-up accident bundles, with proportions of 43.48 %, 27.54 %, 11.59 % and 17.39 % respectively. Accident causations of different crash scenarios have great differences whether in accident responsibilities or in psychological failures. For instance, the PTW riders who violate the traffic regulations need to be mainly responsible for most crossing accidents, whereas most rear accidents are blamed on drivers who fail to properly check their mirrors when they turn, turn around or change lanes. From the perspective of psychology, the perception failures encountered by both drivers and riders are a typical causation in crossing accidents, while it is a contributing factor in rear accidents that a failure of prognosis from the rider combined with a failure of perception from the driver. Visual obstruction exists widely in crossing and oncoming accident bundles. The impact speeds of vehicles and PTWs are often less than 40 km/h in all accident bundles. A wider sensing area (field of view = 90°, view detection range = 35 m) should be achieved to more effectively detect the conflict PTWs. These findings about vehicle-PTW accidents provide a stronger support for the development of prevention countermeasures and advanced driver assistance system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used as a potential treatment option for Crohn's disease (CD). However, there is still lack of safety and efficacy evidence based on large samples of CD undergoing FMT. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors of adverse event (AE) in the long term and the efficacy of FMT in the short term for patients with CD., Methods: FMT via mid-gut for mild to severe CD in a single center trial (NCT01793831) was performed from October 2012 to December 2016. The possible factors with AE and efficacy after FMT were prospectively recorded., Results: A total of 184 frequencies of FMT were performed for 139 patients who received FMT. During 1 month after FMT, 13.6% of mild AEs occurred, including increased frequency of defecation, fever, abdominal pain, flatulence, hematochezia, vomiturition, bloating and herpes zoster. No AE beyond 1 month was observed. Therefore, a 1 month cut-off could be suggested to define short-term and long-term AEs of FMT. Among the possible risk factors, only fecal microbiota purification methods were closely associated with the occurrence of AEs. The rate of AEs in patients undergoing manual methods for the preparation of fecal microbiota was 21.7%, which was significantly higher than the 8.7% in those experiencing an automatic method. The manual or automatic purification of fecal microbiota had no correlation with the efficacy of FMT., Conclusion: This cohort study based on the largest size of cases demonstrated that improved fecal microbiota preparation reduced the rates of AEs, but did not affect the clinical efficacy in patients with CD.

Wheat stripe rust is a devastating disease in many regions of the world. In wheat, 49 resistance genes for stripe rust have been officially documented, but only three genes are cloned, including the race-specific resistance Yr10 candidate gene (Yr10(CG)) and slow-rusting genes Lr34/Yr18 (hereafter designated as Yr18) and Yr36. In this study, we developed gene-specific markers for these genes and used them to screen a collection of 659 wheat accessions, including 485 Chinese cultivars. Thirteen percent and eleven percent of the tested Chinese cultivars were positive for the markers for Yr10(CG) and Yr18(RH) (the resistant haplotype of Yr18), respectively, but none were positive for the Yr36 marker. Since there is a limited use of the Yr10 gene in Chinese wheat, the relatively high frequency of wheat varieties with the Yr10(CG) marker suggests that the identity of the Yr10 gene is unknown. With regards to the Yr18 gene, 29% of the tested cultivars that are used in the Middle and Lower Yangtze Valleys' winter wheat zone were positive for Yr18(RH) markers. A non-functional allele of Yr18(RH) was identified in 'Mingxian 169', a commonly used susceptible check for studying stripe rust. The data presented here will provide useful information for marker-assisted selection for wheat stripe rust resistance., (Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb used as an important drug to cure cardiovascular diseases. In this work, inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers, were applied to assess the level and pattern of genetic diversity in five important cultivated populations of S. miltiorrhiza. Among these populations, 120 bands were amplified by 5 ISSR primers, of which all were polymorphic, and 110 polymorphic bands (90.16%) were observed in 122 bands amplified by 6 SRAP primers. A high levels of genetic diversity at the species level was detected with Hs = 0.1951, 0.1927 respectively. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that a greater proportion of total genetic variation existed within populations (86.64 and 84.83% respectively) rather than among populations (13.36 and 15.17% respectively). Cluster analysis divided the five populations into two groups. The genetic relationships among populations have low correlation with their geographical distribution (Mantel test; r = 0.4870 and 0.5740 respectively). The study indicated that both ISSR and SRAP markers were effective and reliable for assessing the degree of genetic variation of S. miltiorrhiza. Our results suggested that random collecting, preserving and planting seeds without deliberate selection might be an efficient way to conserve genetic resources of medicinal plants. Their effective use was also discussed on the further breeding.