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The pollution haven hypothesis is widely used to explain the predatory relocation of foreign investors to emerging markets. However, the long-term effect of the pollution haven hypothesis remains a mystery, given the natural evolution of environmental regulations. This study proposes that the likelihood of foreign divestment in the emerging market increases when the regional environmental regulatory pressure becomes more stringent. Empirical support is obtained through a Cox proportional hazard model of 402 international joint ventures established in China in 2000, whose foreign divestment status is traced until 2017. The findings support the karmic debt of the pollution haven hypothesis; that is, foreign investors' focus on avoiding environmental regulatory costs by relocating to emerging markets in the short run will backfire in the long run unless they bring something of value to the host market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Entrepreneurial competence plays a decisive role in entrepreneurship success. To promote the employment of college students and accelerate economic growth through entrepreneurial activities, the Chinese government and universities encourage the use of multiple inputs to boost holistic entrepreneurship education and training. This study aims to assesses the entrepreneurial competence of college students by analysing the effects of entrepreneurship education and policy implementation in China. Design/methodology/approach: The quantitative approach considered a large sample of 12,269 students, who participated in entrepreneurship education in Chinese "double-first-class" universities, to construct a theoretical model of their entrepreneurial competence. Entrepreneurship competition was introduced as a mediating variable in this model. Findings: This study revealed that college students develop entrepreneurial competence by participating in entrepreneurship competitions unlike students who participate in regular entrepreneurship education. Additionally, there was a significant difference in the measured impact of entrepreneurship policy between students who participated in entrepreneurship competitions and those who did not. Originality/value: The effects of the implementation of entrepreneurship education and policy were studied using a quantitative design. Additionally, this study highlights the effect of entrepreneurship competitions with empirical evidence from China, and contributes to the discussion of entrepreneurship education at schools and entrepreneurship policy for policymakers.

Background: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of reflux esophagitis (RE). Metabolic abnormalities have been implicated in the pathogenesis of RE. However, the role of metabolic status in the risk of RE among individuals with varying degrees of obesity remains unclear. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the association between metabolic obesity phenotypes and the risk of RE. Methods: This study included a cohort of 24,368 participants aged 18 years and older who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University during health checkups between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2021. Among these participants, a total of 9,947 individuals were classified into four groups based on their obesity phenotype: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). To account for potential confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to examine the association between metabolic obesity phenotypes and the risk of RE, with stratification by sex and age. Results: Among all participants, the MUNW, MHO, and MUO groups demonstrated a higher risk of RE when compared to the MHNW group. After controlling for all confounding factors, the MUO group exhibited the highest risk, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.723 (95% CI: 2.751–5.040) in males and 5.482 (95% CI: 4.080–7.367) in females. The prevalence of RE increased in proportion to the number of metabolic risk factors. Subgroup analyses, which accounted for all confounders, revealed that the MHO, MUNW, and MUO phenotypes were associated with an elevated risk of RE in individuals under 60 years old as well as those over 60 years old. Interestingly, a more comprehensive analysis indicated that obesity may have a greater effect on the risk of RE than metabolic disorders. Conclusions: Both metabolic disorders and obesity were associated with an increased risk of RE. The effect of obesity on RE prevalence may be stronger than that of metabolic disorders, emphasizing the significance of obesity regardless of metabolic health status. Clinical interventions should address not only obesity but also metabolic disorders in order to reduce the risk of RE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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) Objective To explore effective treatments and prognostic factors for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). Methods Clinical and imaging information and survival data of 14 DIPG patients, treated with radiotherapy combined with temozolomide and nitolizumab or radiotherapy combined with ACT001, were retrospectively analysed at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from April 2021 to January 2024. The median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using Kaplan - Meier survival curves, and multifactorial Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the effects of different factors on PFS and OS. Results The objective response rate (ORR) was 10/14, and the median PFS and OS were 7.83 and 8.30 months, respectively. Multfactorial Cox regression analysis identified the absence of enhancement on baseline imaging as a good prognostic variable for both PFS (RR = 0.052, 95%CI: 0.006-0.416; P = 0.005) and OS (RR = 0.046, 95%CI: 0.005-0.413; P = 0.006), while male (RR = 0.085, 95%CI: 0.009-0.764; P = 0.028), older age (RR = 0.631, 95%CI: 0.423-0.942; P = 0.024), and the absence of symptoms of cranial nerve involvement at the onset (RR = 0.116, 95%CI: 0.017- 0.781; P = 0.027) were also good prognostic variables for OS. Conclusions Female, younger age at diagnosis, cranial nerve involvement at the onset, and enhancement on baseline imaging are risk factors for the survival of children with DIPG. Key words: Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma; Radiotherapy; Antineoplastic combined chemotherapy protocols; Molecular targeted therapy; Child [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers in China and seriously threaten life and health of Chinese people. We analysed the trends and disparities of oral cancer mortality rates and the disease burden of oral cancer in China from 2006 to 2021 to provide a reference for its prevention and control. Methods: Annual death data for oral cancer was gleaned from the China Death Surveillance Database. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), annual percentage change (APC), and average APC (AAPC) were used to analyze the trend of mortality. Loss of life expectancy (LLE) and years of life lost (YLL) were adopted to assess disease burden. Results: From 2006 to 2021, the overall ASMR of oral cancer lightly declined (AAPC: − 0.97%; 95% CI: − 1.89%, − 0.04%), and the similar trend was observed among females (AAPC: − 1.22%; 95% CI: − 1.89%, − 0.55%). The ASMR of males was 2.31–3.16 times higher than that of females per year. The median of LLE for overall, males and females caused by oral cancer from 2006 to 2021 were 0.05, 0.06 and 0.03 years, respectively. There was a decrease of standardized YLL rate from 2006 to 2021 for overall (AAPC: − 1.31%, 95% CI: − 2.24% ~ − 0.37%) and for female (AAPC: − 1.63%, 95% CI: − 2.30% ~ − 0.95%). ASMR in urban areas was 1.02–1.28 times higher than that in rural areas from 2006 to2011, but 0.85–0.97 times lower in urban areas than that in rural areas from 2018 to 2021. The disease burden was higher in urban areas than in rural areas in 2006, whereas the reverse was observed in 2021. Conclusions: There are severe health gaps and disparities in trends between sexes and different areas in China. Males and rural populations need to be focused on targeted interventions for the main influencing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current global climate models (GCMs), limited to grid‐scale land‐atmosphere coupling, cannot represent subgrid urban‐rural precipitation contrasts. This study develops an innovative two‐way subgrid land‐atmosphere coupling framework in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) to explicitly resolve land‐atmosphere interaction over subgrid individual land units. Results show that urban heat island (UHI) leads to the urban rainfall effect (URE), which in turn alleviates overestimated UHI over China in CESM2. The URE manifests as a shift toward more heavy precipitation and less light precipitation in world urban areas than in surrounding rural counterparts. This feature is consistent with available observations. In heavy precipitation situations, the UHI promotes atmospheric instability and enhances atmospheric water vapor holding capacity, resulting in more heavy precipitation in urban areas. Conversely, in light precipitation situations, the UHI and decreased evaporation from urban impermeable surfaces diminish atmospheric relative humidity, suppressing light precipitation. Plain Language Summary: Given the grid‐scale land‐atmosphere coupling (operating at a scale of ∼100–200 km), all the current global climate models cannot represent precipitation over urban areas. This obstructs the explicit simulation and future projections of precipitation in world urban regions, where over half of the world's population resides and a substantial portion of economic activities occurs. To address this issue, this study develops a novel land‐atmosphere coupling framework that explicitly allows land‐atmosphere interaction over individual land units within the grid cell in global climate models. The modeling results show a greater daily average of precipitation intensities on precipitation days in urban areas than in rural areas due to urban warming, with a shift toward more heavy precipitation and less light precipitation. These findings indicate an escalation in the risk of extreme precipitation and flooding in urban regions around the globe, as urban land continues to expand. Key Points: A novel framework of two‐way subgrid land‐atmosphere coupling for GCMs is developed and implemented in CESM2Overestimated urban heat island over China in CESM2 is significantly alleviated by explicitly representing urban rainfall effectsWorld urban regions feature more heavy precipitation and less light precipitation than the surrounding rural areas [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salix sand barriers have been widely used in arid and semi‐arid regions of northern China as an environmentally friendly approach to control wind erosion. However, the inherent variability in length and thickness of Salix branches complicates achieving the desired fence porosity, typically resulting in an error of approximately 10% or more. This defect affects the fence's wind protection, thereby limiting their broader application. To address these challenges, we conducted a field experiment in the Hobq Desert, where we established Salix fences with porosities of 23%, 37%, and 44%, and measured the airflow velocities around these fences. The results indicated that the fence with 37% porosity exhibited the most effective sheltering effect, providing a protection distance up to 7.14 times of the fence height. A total of 44% porosity fences are also reasonably effective for practical purposes. On the other end of the spectrum, fences with 23% porosity demonstrated a better sediment interception than its high porosity peers, achieving an interception rate of 81.46%. Therefore, we conclude that organic fences made from Salix branches can serve as efficient windbreaks. Our findings provide foundational data for the application of organic fences in arid and semi‐arid regions of northern China, and potentially similar environments globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensified human activities have been seriously threatening the structure and ecological processes of ecosystems, resulting in habitat degradation. Therefore, coordinating the coupling between human activities and habitat quality (HQ) is crucial for high‐quality sustainable regional development and human well‐being. This study evaluated the human activities and HQ in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) urban agglomeration in China from 2000 to 2020 using the human footprint index (HFI) and the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs model. Then, we employed bivariate spatial autocorrelation and a coupling coordination degree (CCD) model to explore the synergistic relationship between human activities and HQ. The results show that spatial changes in HQ were predominantly driven by human activities. The gradual outward urban expansion resulted in significant HQ degradation. Slight HQ improvement by ecological restoration in urban outskirts cannot offset HQ losses caused by urbanization. During the study period, high‐HQ low‐HFI clusters decreased by 1.02%, while low‐HQ high‐HFI clusters increased by 4.67%, the two main clustering types in the PRD. Despite the CCD between HFI and HQ increased after 2010, the continuous changes of CCD characteristics from the HFI significantly lagged type to the HQ lagged. HFI showed an inverted U‐shaped relationship with CCD. The CCD peaks during 2000–2020 corresponded to HFI decreasing from 0.711 to 0.566. This indicates that the risk of decoupling between human activities and HQ gradually increased. Furthermore, CCD levels and characteristics in different bivariate clusters exhibited varying changes over time. These results reveal that the spatiotemporal dislocation between urbanization and ecological restoration induced the spatial nonstationarity of the coupling relationship between human activities and HQ. Urbanization exacerbates the imbalance between human development and biodiversity conservation. Therefore, we suggest reasonably delimiting urban boundaries, controlling the scale of urban sprawl, and strengthening biodiversity protection in areas undergoing rapid urbanization. In addition, we advocate for the division of ecological barrier zones, urban development buffer zones, and urban built‐up areas, each with tailored management and protection measures. Our findings can provide an important reference for the ecological restoration of urban agglomerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oncology nurses are considered the group with the highest risk for moral distress, compassion fatigue and burnout. Mindful self-care may help oncology nurses improve their well-being and solve psychological problems. However, the investigation and in-depth analysis of mindful self-care among oncology nurses in China is lacking. Objectives: To identify heterogeneity groups of oncology nurses on mindful self-care ability and examine the sociodemographic correlation to these profiles. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Participants: The study was carried out among oncology nurses in two affiliated comprehensive hospitals and one affiliated oncology hospital. A total of 839 oncology nurses were enrolled in this survey. Methods: From January to May 2023, a cross-sectional study was carried out among oncology nurses using convenient sampling. The subjects were given the brief Mindful Self-Care Scale (B-MSCS) and the General Demographic Information Questionnaire. Latent profile analysis using the Mplus 7.4 program was used to separate oncology nurses' mindful self-care into a variety of subgroups. The SPSS 25.0 statistical program was used to analyze the data. One-way ANOVA and the chi-square test were performed to compare the score of B-MSCS in each class and the difference in sociodemographic characteristics among the subgroups. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the influence of the sociodemographic variables on each class. Results: The total score of the B-MSCS was 76.40 ± 13.19. The support structure dimension had the highest score, with an average mean value of 3.60, and physical care had the lowest score at 2.57. The findings of the latent profile analysis showed that respondents were divided into three classes, moderate mindful self-care(51.2%), low-low mindful relaxation(14.8%), and high-high mindfulness self-awareness(34.0%). Across scale scores and dimensions, three groups demonstrated statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed significant differences between the three profiles in terms of professional title, position, concern about self-care, interest in mindfulness, and experience with meditation (p < 0.05). Profile membership was predicted by 3 factors, namely, self-care status, interest in mindfulness, and experience with meditation. Conclusion: The mindful self-care among oncology nurses can be categorized into three latent profiles: moderate mindful self-care, low-low mindful relaxation, and high-high mindfulness self-awareness. Multinomial logistic regression results indicated that whether oncology nurses concern about self-care, interest in mindfulness and have experience with meditation influenced different latent profiles. Nursing manager should develop targeted intervention based on the typological characteristics of the oncology nurses to improve their mindful self-care ability and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon emissions of the power industry account for over 50% of China's total carbon emissions, so achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality in the power sector is crucial. This study aims to simulate the impacts of three energy policies—carbon constraints, the development of a high proportion of renewable energy, and carbon trading—on China's energy transition, economic development, and the power sector's energy mix. Through the construction of a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for China and its integration with the SWITCH-China electricity model, the impact of diverse energy policies on China's energy transition, economic progress, and the power mix within the electricity industry has been simulated. The integration of the SWITCH-China model can address the limitations of the CGE model in providing a detailed understanding of the specific intricacies of the electricity sector. The results indicate that increasing the stringency of carbon restrictions compels a reduction in fossil energy use, controlling the output of coal-fired power units, and thereby reducing carbon emissions. The development of a high proportion of renewable energy enhances the cleanliness of the power sector's generation structure, further promoting the national energy transition. Implementing a carbon trading policy, where the entire industry shares the burden of carbon reduction costs, can effectively mitigate the economic losses of the power sector. Finally, the policies to further enhance the implementation of carbon trading policies, strengthen effective governmental regulation, and escalate the deployment of renewable energy sources are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes four kinds of hybrid source–grid–storage systems consisting of photovoltaic and wind energy, and a power grid including different batteries and hydrogen storage systems for Sanjiao town. HOMER-PRO was applied for the optimal design and techno-economic analysis of each case, aiming to explore reproducible energy supply solutions for China's industrial clusters. The results show that the proposed system is a fully feasible and reliable solution for industry-based towns, like Sanjiao, in their pursuit of carbon neutrality. In addition, the source-side price sensitivity analysis found that the hydrogen storage solution was cost-competitive only when the capital costs on the storage and source sides were reduced by about 70%. However, the hydrogen storage system had the lowest carbon emissions, about 14% lower than the battery ones. It was also found that power generation cost reduction had a more prominent effect on the whole system's NPC and LCOE reduction. This suggests that policy support needs to continue to push for generation-side innovation and scaling up, while research on different energy storage types should be encouraged to serve the needs of different source–grid–load–storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and has large impacts on climate change. Its fossil fuel (CO2ff) and biogenic (CO2bio) sources are well investigated, while CO2 emissions from human respiration (CO2hr), a subset of CO2bio, have received less attention. Especially as a source of carbon emissions in densely populated megacities, the role of CO2hr emissions in the carbon cycles was largely neglected. Here we fully characterize the respiratory CO2 emission rates (CERs) of Chinese people for the first time. Using the example of the megacity Beijing in China, we estimate the CO2hr emissions and present a method for quantifying its fraction in the atmospheric CO2 based on radiocarbon (14C) measurements and inventory data sets. The results show that males and females have similar age trends in CERs, but the gender difference is significant, especially between the ages of 20 and 60, the average CERs was 33% higher for males than for females (P < 0.05). The CO2hr emissions were about 22.2 ± 0.6 kt CO2 per day, which was equivalent to 7.5% of daily CO2ff emissions in winter. The proportion is likely to be twice in summer due to the seasonal fluctuations of fossil fuel emissions. More importantly, the respiratory emissions could increase atmospheric CO2 concentration by about 2 ppm, accounting for 14% ± 6% of average CO2bio concentration in winter. This study highlights the importance of human respiration in carbon emissions in megacities and has implications for a better understanding of the regional carbon budget. Plain Language Summary: Human respiration is an important CO2 source in densely populated areas, and its emission can be estimated by the "bottom‐up" method, just like fossil fuel emissions. However, as a key parameter in the estimate of CO2 emissions from human respiration, the variability of the CO2 emission rate is the main source of uncertainty. Another challenge is how to separate it from other atmospheric CO2 sources, which is related to the estimation of real carbon sources and sinks in natural ecosystems. Taking Beijing as a case study, we combined inventory data sets and radiocarbon (14C) measurements to quantitatively evaluate the contribution of human respiratory emission in a megacity in China, and further isolate the emissions from fossil fuels and biogenic CO2 sources. Although human breathing carbon emissions do not belong to the carbon that can be reduced, ignoring the contribution of human respiration would lead to a corresponding overestimation of carbon emissions from fossil fuel or biogenic sources. This pilot study is helpful to arouse people's attention to human respiratory CO2 emissions and inspire the evaluation method of human respiratory emissions. Key Points: We fully characterized the respiratory CO2 emission rates of Chinese people for the first timeAn approach was developed to quantify the respiratory CO2 concentration in the atmospheric CO2Human respiration should be considered in the regional carbon budget and CO2 monitoring [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is one of the most commercially important crustacean species in China. The aim of this study was to characterize the toxic effects of butachlor (an herbicide of the acetanilide class) on juvenile E. sinensis crabs. The lethal effects and the acute toxicity of butachlor on juvenile E. sinensis specimens were assessed through a semi-static in vitro experiment. We determined the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the gills and the hepatopancreas of the juvenile crabs, at different time points over a 14-day short-term exposure to butachlor. Moreover, we measured the residual levels of butachlor in three different tissues (gills, hepatopancreas, and muscles) of the juvenile crabs over a longer period. Our findings revealed that butachlor is highly toxic for juvenile E. sinensis crabs. In fact, the median lethal concentration (LC50) values of butachlor at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were found to be 4.22, 1.84, 0.34, and 0.14 mg/L, respectively, while the safe concentration was 0.014 mg/L. The antioxidant defense ability of the juvenile E. sinensis crabs against butachlor was induced after exposure to the herbicide at a concentration of 0.01 mg/L. After 14 days of exposure to butachlor at 0.04 and 0.16 mg/L, both SOD and CAT were found to be significantly inhibited (p < 0.05), the GSH levels were found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and the MDA levels were identified as significantly increased (p < 0.05). Moreover, after 14 days of exposure to butachlor at 0.16 mg/L, the activities of SOD and CAT as well as the content of GSH in the hepatopancreas were found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Our results revealed that a high concentration of butachlor was capable of inducing oxidative stress and damage in juvenile E. sinensis crabs. The maximal residual value of butachlor was obtained in the gills, with a content of 4.56 μg/kg. Butachlor was not detected after 24 days in the aforementioned three tissues of the juvenile crabs, thereby indicating that it was effectively metabolized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the rapid development of the digital economy, it's an important topic how to play the role of digital technology in improving innovation efficiency. Employing the spatial econometric model with province-level panel data during 2006–2018, the article explores the impact of the development of the digital economy on innovation efficiency in China. The analysis unveils three major findings. First, the innovation efficiency has significant positive spatial externalities and the digital economy has significantly positive direct effects and spatial spillover effects on innovation efficiency, but the above effects are heterogeneous for different regions and innovation subjects. Second, the impact of digital economy development on innovation efficiency has characteristics of a certain degree of lag effect and continuity. Third, the threshold effect analysis reveals the non-linear characteristic of the increasing marginal effect of the digital economy on innovation efficiency. Altogether, the development of the digital economy has become an important driving force for promoting China's innovation efficiency. The findings of this paper provide empirical evidence for understanding the relationship between the digital economy development and innovation efficiency, giving significant implications for the innovative development of developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To analyze efficacy of endoscopic lithotripsy combined with drug lithotripsy as compared with drug lithotripsy for the treatment of phytobezoars. Methods: We collected and evaluated case records of 165 patients with phytobezoars from 2014 to 2023. And we analyzed demographic and clinical characteristics, imaging features, endoscopic features, complications of phytobezoars, and compared efficacy between endoscopic lithotripsy combined with drug lithotripsy (Group A) and drug lithotripsy (sodium bicarbonate combined with proton pump inhibitor) (Group B). Results: The median age of patients with phytobezoars was 67.84 ± 4.286 years old. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom and peptic ulcers (67.5%) were the most common complication. Bezoar-induced ulcers were more frequent in the gastric angle. The success rate of phytobezoars vanishing in Group A and Group B were similar (92.3% vs. 85.1% within 48 h, 98.7% vs. 97.7% within a week), while the average hospitalization period, average hospitalization cost, second endoscopy rate, and average endoscopic operation time were significantly lower in patients in Group B than in Group A. Conclusion: Drug lithotripsy is the preferred effective and safe treatment option for phytobezoars. We advise that an endoscopy should be completed after 48 h for drug lithotripsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common causative bacteria in nosocomial infections. This study aims to describe the structure and evolutionary characteristics of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) carrying antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from P. aeruginosa and to conduct bioinformatics and comparative genomic analysis to provide a deeper understanding of the genetic characteristics and diversity of MGEs in P. aeruginosa. Methods: Fifteen clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa from China were collected and sequenced in this study, and 15 novel MGEs were identified. Together with four MGEs from GenBank, a total of 19 MGEs were used to perform detailed modular structure dissection and sequence comparison. Then, the biological experiments were carried out to verify the biological characteristics of these isolates and MEGs. Results: The novel MGEs identified in this study displayed diversification in modular structures, which showed complex mosaic natures. The seven types of 19 MGEs included in this study were divided into three groups: i) novel MGEs (firstly identified in this study): four IncpSE5381-aadB plasmids and three Tn 7495-related integrative and mobilizable elements (IMEs); ii) newly defined MGEs (firstly designated in this study, but with previously determined sequences): four Tn 7665-related IMEs; iii) novel transposons with reference prototypes identified in this study: two Tn 6417-related integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), two IS-based transposition units, two Tn 501-related unit transposons, two Tn 1403-related unit transposons. At least 36 ARGs involved in resistance to 11 different classes of antimicrobials and heavy metals were identified. Additionally, three novel blaOXA variants were identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that these variants were resistant to some β-lactamase antibiotics and blaOXA-1204 was additionally resistant to cephalosporins. Conclusion: The continuous evolution of ARG-carrying MGEs during transmission, leading to the emergence of novel MGEs or ARGs, which facilitates the spread of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa and enhances the diversity of transmission modes of bacterial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical transport models (CTMs) are widely used for air pollution modeling, which suffer from significant biases due to uncertainties in simplified parameterization, meteorological fields, and emission inventories. Accurate diagnosis of simulation biases is critical for the improvement of models, interpretation of results, and management of air quality, especially for the simulation of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5). In this study, an efficient method with high speed and a low computational resource requirement based on the tree-based machine learning (ML) method, the light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), was designed to diagnose CTM simulation biases. The drivers of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model biases are compared to observations obtained by simulating PM 2.5 concentrations from the perspectives of meteorology, chemical composition, and emission sources. The source-oriented CMAQ was used to diagnose the influences of different emission sources on PM 2.5 biases. The model can capture the complex relationship between input variables and simulation bias well; meteorology, PM 2.5 components, and source sectors can partially explain the simulation bias. The CMAQ model underestimates PM 2.5 by - 19.25 to - 2.66 µgm-3 in 2019, especially in winter and spring and during high-PM 2.5 events. Secondary organic components showed the largest contribution to the PM 2.5 simulation bias for different regions and seasons (13.8 %–22.6 %) of all components. Relative humidity, cloud cover, and soil surface moisture were the main meteorological factors contributing to PM 2.5 bias in the North China Plain, Pearl River Delta, and northwestern China, respectively. Primary and secondary inorganic components from residential sources showed the two largest contributions to this bias (12.05 % and 12.78 %), implying large uncertainties in this sector. The ML-based methods provide valuable complements to traditional-mechanism-based methods for model improvement, with high efficiency and low reliance on prior information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the relation between procrastination and physical activity in college students and test whether grit mediated, age and gender moderated the process. Participants: 610 college students (aged 20.07 ± 1.53; 45.2% males) in Shanghai. Methods: Procrastination, grit and physical activity were tested respectively by International Procrastination Scale, Grit-S scale and International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: Correlation analysis showed that procrastination, grit and physical activity were related in pairs. Procrastination was negatively correlated with physical activity. Grit mediated between procrastination and physical activity. Females showed stronger moderation effect from grit to physical activity than males, while the effect between procrastination and grit was more significant for the younger. Conclusion: The moderated mediating model provided a new strategy of improving personality traits which contributed to lack of physical activity. More psychologically relevant measures should be taken in reducing procrastination to improve physical activity via improving grit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reasonable allocation of production schedules and savings in overall electricity costs are crucial for large manufacturing conglomerates. In this study, we develop an optimization model of off-site industrial production scheduling to address the problems of high electricity costs due to the irrational allocation of production schedules on the demand side of China's power supply, and the difficulty in promoting industrial and commercial distributed photovoltaic (PV) projects in China. The model makes full use of the conditions of different PV resources and variations in electricity prices in different places to optimize the scheduling of industrial production in various locations. The model is embedded with two sub-models, i.e., an electricity price prediction model and a distributed photovoltaic power cost model to complete the model parameters, in which the electricity price prediction model utilizes a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network. Then, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the optimization model. Finally, the production data of two off-site pharmaceutical factories belonging to the same large group of enterprises are substituted into the model for example analysis, and it is concluded that the optimization model can significantly reduce the electricity consumption costs of the enterprises by about 7.9%. This verifies the effectiveness of the optimization model established in this paper in reducing the cost of electricity consumption on the demand side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancement in technologies such as robotic industries and artificial intelligence bring fear among human being that jobs will be substituted by robots. Base on the panel data of 28 China's manufacturing industries, this research analyzed the impact of technical progress bias on employment. First, we calculate the technical progress bias index of 28 industries base on the stochastic frontier model with transcendental logarithm function found 16 industries were toward the skilled labor while the remaining 12 industries were toward the unskilled labor. Second, the empirical results show that technical progress bias has a positive impact on the total manufacturing employment and significant positive effect on the unskilled labor, while no significant impact on skilled labor employment. Third, the threshold effect test proves that if taking industry value-added per capita or R&D capital stock as threshold variable, the threshold about the impact exist, making the impact on skilled labor was insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ulva prolifera (U. prolifera) green tide outbreaks have occurred in the Yellow Sea of China for many years, causing serious losses to marine ecology and the marine economy. The monitoring and tracking of U. prolifera green tide is a crucial aspect of marine ecological disaster prevention and control management. This paper aims to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution changes in U. prolifera green tide in the Yellow Sea throughout its life cycle. A survey of the Yellow Sea from 2008 to 2023 was conducted using multi-source remote sensing images. Long-term monitoring and analysis of U. prolifera revealed the evolution process of the green tide, including the early development, outbreak, decline, and extinction stages, considering time, space, and frequency of occurrence. Additionally, this study examined peak coverage change patterns over the past 16 years and analyzed the influence of environmental factors such as sea surface temperature and sea surface wind field on the development of U. prolifera. The research results serve as a valuable reference for the monitoring, early warning, and scientific prevention and control of U. prolifera green tide in the Yellow Sea, as well as other similar marine disaster areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia, a vital grain-producing region in northern China, faces growing environmental challenges. Studying net primary productivity (NPP) is essential for understanding spatiotemporal vegetation shifts and guiding locally adapted restoration and management efforts. Utilizing MOD17A3/NPP data, this study applies the Theil–Sen median trend, Mann–Kendall significance, and the Hurst index to scrutinize the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of NPP from 2001 to 2021 and forecast future changes in the area. The findings reveal cyclic temporal trends, forming a "∧" shape with initial increases followed by decreases, notably during the July to August period each year. The multi-year average NPP exhibits a slight upward fluctuation trend, averaging 172.40 gCm−2a−1. Peaks occur approximately every three years, reaching the highest average in 2012 at 218.96 gCm−2a−1. Spatially, NPP distribution stays consistent over the years, influenced by various land cover types, especially cropland, shaping the spatial patterns. Monthly and yearly NPP trends over the 21 years indicate a significant decrease in May and June, with other months mostly showing a non-significant increase. The Hurst index for monthly and yearly NPP changes over 21 years shows relatively high weak anti-persistence. In summary, over the past 21 years, the NPP trend in the study area has not significantly improved and is expected to decline in the future. This study offers data support and a scientific foundation for refining the carbon cycle model, quantifying vegetation carbon sequestration capacity, addressing climate change policies, and striving for carbon peak and neutrality in the Hetao Irrigation District. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing upon the resource‐based view and economic cost perspective, we examined the effect of firms' use of high‐performance work systems (HPWS) on two firm performance outcomes—firm financial performance (FFP) and firm innovation and improvement (FII), indirectly through firm capacity for learning and transforming external knowledge and technologies (CLT). Our results confirmed that HPWS positively related to both FFP and FII through firm CLT. HPWS was found to have a linear association with CLT but an inverted U‐shape relationship with FFP. We also revealed a three‐factor structure of firm HPWS: motivation to perform, skills to enhance, and opportunity to engage. The supplementary analysis demonstrated a lack of significant three‐way interaction between these three HPWS factors. Implications and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) has profound impacts on meteorological conditions over East Asia. However, whether the interannual variability in monsoon onset date impacts ozone (O3) pollution remains unclear. Here, we investigate the relationship between early onset of SCSSM and late spring O3 in southern China. Our results show notable differences in surface O3 concentrations before and after SCSSM onset during early onset events in southern China. The enhanced O3 of 11.1 μg m−3 is supported by increased air temperature and solar radiation of 1.1 K and 30.9 W m−2 and reduced relative humidity of −5.7%. Both observation and model simulations confirm that O3‐favorable meteorological conditions modulated by early SCSSM onset can be found in May. It increases the boundary layer height and biogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds, enhancing O3 by 10 μg m−3 over southern China. Chemical processes dominate such increases in O3 with enhanced chemical production of 0.27 Tg month−1. Descending motion in southern China vertically transports O3 to surface by 0.10 Tg month−1, whereas horizontal advection reduces O3 concentration by 0.12 Tg month−1. The meteorological responses to colder sea surface temperature (SST) in the central equatorial Pacific are pronounced, leading to higher O3 concentrations over the Yangtze River Delta, while warmer SST in the Philippine Sea contributes O3 over the Pearl River Delta and eastern China. This study highlights the importance of SCSSM onset with respect to O3 in southern China, with promising applications in management of air pollution and agriculture. Plain Language Summary: The onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM), a spectacular feature of the Asian summer monsoon, has significant impacts on meteorological conditions over East Asia. It remains unclear whether the interannual variability in monsoon onset date affects ozone (O3) pollution. In this study, we demonstrated that the early onset of SCSSM can create warmer and drier conditions with enhanced solar radiation in May, which increases boundary layer height, boosts biogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds and worsens O3 pollution in southern China. By integrating reconstructed O3 data set and meteorological reanalysis together with model simulations, we found that increased O3 concentrations of approximately 10 μg m−3 over southern China were dominated by enhanced chemical production. Both sea surface temperature anomalies in the central equatorial Pacific and Philippine Sea contributed to the O3‐favorable meteorological conditions modulated by early SCSSM onset. Our study emphasizes the importance of considering the SCSSM onset in understanding O3 pollution in southern China, with promising applications in air pollution management and agriculture. Key Points: Early onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon can create warmer and drier conditions with enhanced solar radiation in MayEnhanced chemical production dominates the worsening late spring ozone pollution in southern China during early onset eventsBoth sea surface temperature anomalies in the central equatorial Pacific and Philippine Sea contribute to higher ozone in southern China [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water quality data represent a critical resource for evaluation of the well-being of aquatic ecosystems and assurance of clean water sources for human populations. While the availability of water quality datasets is growing, the absence of a publicly accessible national water quality dataset for both inland and the ocean in China has been notable. To address this issue, we utilized R and Python programming languages to collect, tidy, reorganize, curate, and compile three publicly available datasets, thereby creating an extensive spatiotemporal repository of surface water quality data for China. Distinguished as the most expansive, clean, and easily accessible water quality dataset in China to date, this repository comprised over 330 000 observations encompassing daily (3588), weekly (217 751), and monthly (114 954) records of surface water quality covering the period from 1980 to 2022. It spanned 18 distinct indicators, meticulously gathered at 2384 monitoring sites, which were further categorized as daily (244 sites), weekly (149 sites), and monthly (1991 sites), ranging from inland locations to coastal and oceanic areas. This dataset will support studies relevant to the assessment, modeling, and projection of water quality, ocean biomass, and biodiversity in China, and therefore make substantial contributions to both national and global water resources management. This water quality dataset and supplementary metadata are available for download from the figshare repository at 10.6084/m9.figshare.22584742 (Lin et al., 2023b). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landslide susceptibility zoning is necessary for landslide risk management. This study aims to conduct the landslide susceptibility evaluation based on a model coupled with information value (IV) and logistic regression (LR) for Badong County in Hubei Province, China. Through the screening of landslide predisposing factors based on correlation analysis, a spatial database including 11 landslide factors and 588 historical landslides was constructed in ArcGIS. The IV, LR and their coupled model were then developed. To validate the accuracy of the three models, the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and the landslide density curves were correspondingly created. The results showed that the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) of the three models were 0.758, 0.786 and 0.818, respectively. Moreover, the landslide density increased exponentially with the landslide susceptibility, but the coupled model exhibited a higher growth rate among the three models, indicating good performance of the proposed model in landslide susceptibility evaluation. The landslide susceptibility map generated by the coupled model demonstrated that the high and very high landslide susceptibility area mainly concentrated along rivers and roads. Furthermore, by counting the landslide numbers and analyzing the landslide susceptibility within each town in Badong County, it was discovered that Yanduhe, Xinling, Dongrangkou and Guandukou were the main landslide-prone areas. This research will contribute to landslide prevention and mitigation and serve as a reference for other areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With potential of deep learning in musculoskeletal image interpretation being explored, this paper focuses on the common site of rotator cuff tears, the supraspinatus. It aims to propose and validate a deep learning model to automatically extract the supraspinatus, verifying its superiority through comparison with several classical image segmentation models. Method: Imaging data were retrospectively collected from 60 patients who underwent inpatient treatment for rotator cuff tears at a hospital between March 2021 and May 2023. A dataset of the supraspinatus from MRI was constructed after collecting, filtering, and manually annotating at the pixel level. This paper proposes a novel A-DAsppUnet network that can automatically extract the supraspinatus after training and optimization. The analysis of model performance is based on three evaluation metrics: precision, intersection over union, and Dice coefficient. Results: The experimental results demonstrate that the precision, intersection over union, and Dice coefficients of the proposed model are 99.20%, 83.38%, and 90.94%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed model exhibited significant advantages over the compared models. Conclusion: The designed model in this paper accurately extracts the supraspinatus from MRI, and the extraction results are complete and continuous with clear boundaries. The feasibility of using deep learning methods for musculoskeletal extraction and assisting in clinical decision-making was verified. This research holds practical significance and application value in the field of utilizing artificial intelligence for assisting medical decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the effective path to improve the efficiency of industrial water pollution governance efficiency (WGE), this study takes 27 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in China as the research object, measures WGE through the improved SBM model, and tests the impact of WGE drivers using the spatial Durbin model (SDM). The study found that environmental pollution governance investment (EPGI) is positively correlated with WGE, and industrial agglomeration status (IAS) has inhibitory effects on the improvement of WGE. By testing IAS2, it was determined that the impact of IAS on WGE has a "U"-shaped relationship. The direct impact of EPGI on WGE is 0.5016, and the indirect impact on WGE is 0.6428; the direct impact of IAS on WGE is −0.3036, and the indirect impact on WGE is −0.5158. Among the other tested impact drivers, per capita GDP (PCG), industrial structure (IS), and level of technological innovation (TIL) are positively correlated with the dependent variable WGE, while energy consumption intensity (ECI), environmental regulation intensity (ERI), and degree of openness to foreign investment (FIR) are negatively correlated with the dependent variable WGE. In addition to the impact of the aforementioned main drivers, IAS and EPGI, these six drivers also largely influence and determine the final impact on WGE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The settlement monitoring and control of high-speed railway (HSR) underline engineering is the basis of realizing the high smoothness construction and high stability operation of railway track. Bridge engineering accounts for more than 50% of the total mileage in the HSR projects that has been established in China. Therefore, it is of great significance for the smooth construction of HSR project and the operation safety of HSR network to carry out settlement monitoring and prediction, so as to realize the rapid and accurate judgment of settlement deformation trend. In order to establish a settlement prediction model that conforms to the actual settlement deformation of HSR piers, the relevant research was carried out based on the autoregressive (AR) model and linear hypothesis theory. Firstly, on the basis of classical AR model, combined with the actual situation of modeling, considering the influence of model variable errors on AR model modeling, the modeling and solution method of autoregressive EIV model for HSR pier settlement prediction considering the model variable errors was derived. Then, the optimum prediction model selection method for HSR pier settlement based on linear hypothesis theory was deduced. Finally, a prediction method of HSR pier settlement based on autoregressive EIV model was designed. The research results show that, the algorithm proposed can be used to establish the optimum settlement prediction model that conforms to the actual settlement deformation of HSR pier, which can objectively and accurately predict the settlement deformation trend of HSR pier, and provide a scientific basis for the construction and operation decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present in situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of xenotime and monazite in assemblages with native gold and Au (Ag) tellurides from the Xiaoqinling lode gold district in central China. Composite xenotime and monazite grains formed through coupled dissolution-reprecipitation reactions reveal two discrete gold mineralization events. The first gold mineralization event, recorded by monazite (158.6 ± 3.3 Ma, Tera-Wasserburg lower intercept age) and xenotime cores (157.11 ± 0.83 Ma, weighted mean 206Pb/238U age), is characterized by the mineral assemblage of lingbaoite (AgTe3)-sylvanite ([Au,Ag]2Te4)-stützite (Ag5–xTe3)/native tellurium-sylvanite-stützite. The second gold mineralization event, recorded in the rims of xenotime (135.46 ± 0.93 Ma, weighted mean 206Pb/238U age), is characterized by the mineral assemblage of native gold-calaverite (AuTe2)-petzite (AuAg3Te2)-tellurobismuthite (Bi2Te3). Our study implies that the large-scale Jurassic mineralization event in eastern China, related to flat subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate beneath the eastern China continent, also caused widespread gold mineralization in the Qinling-Dabie Orogen, in addition to production of its world-class porphyry Mo deposits. The fact that only a few Jurassic gold mineralization ages have been reported before, may be due to the lack of suitable geochronometers to record the earlier Jurassic hydrothermal processes, which have been overprinted by the better-recognized Early Cretaceous gold mineralization event. This study also presents a rare example of xenotime compositional alterations and resetting of U-Pb ages induced by low to moderate salinity carbono-aqueous fluids at low temperatures. The textural relationships between gold minerals in contact with such composite xenotime crystals demonstrate that they could have precipitated before, coeval with, or after the dated domains. Since low to moderate salinity carbonoaqueous fluids are commonly involved in the formation of lode gold deposits, it is crucial to examine xenotime textures and recognize potential alteration textures before carrying out isotopic dating of xenotime collected from these deposits. Without prior compositional and textural characterization, attempts to date such composite crystals could yield mixed dates and meaningless ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted from terrestrial plants contribute substantially to ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the troposphere. Accurate estimation of BVOC emissions is highly challengeable with a variety of uncertainties, one of which is the use of default emission factors (EFs) particularly for underrepresented regions without local data. In this study, locally measured BVOC‐EFs in south China, a subtropical region with abundant vegetation, were used to update regional BVOC emissions as estimated by the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN). These EFs were recently determined in situ with characterized dynamic chambers for the emissions of isoprene, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes from tree species. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was then employed to see how much the regional O3 and SOA production is altered with the updated BVOC emissions. Results revealed lower BVOC emission estimates in south China when using the localized EFs than the MEGAN default ones, particularly for sesquiterpenes with a notable average reduction rate of approximately 40%. Using the updated BVOC emissions improved model O3 predictions in all seasons when compared to surface O3 monitoring, yet the lower BVOC emissions resulted in modeled O3 and SOA concentrations decreased by up to −6 ppb and −1.5 μg m−3, respectively, throughout south China. This study highlights the significance of localized EFs in refining emission estimates and air quality predictions in regions with a wealth of vegetation. Plain Language Summary: Terrestrial plants can emit a variety of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), such as isoprene and terpenes. These BVOCs significantly impact tropospheric ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, and therefore accurate BVOC emission estimates are crucial for air quality modeling particularly in regions with a wealth of vegetation. However, in many regions local BVOC emission factors (EFs) are unavailable and using the model default EFs may bias the regional BVOC emissions. Here we carried out in situ measurements of EFs with well characterized dynamic chambers in south China. With these local EFs, the BVOC emissions was estimated by the MEGAN model, revealing a reduction in BVOC emissions in south China than those using the default EFs. When compared the modeling results with those from surface monitoring network, model performance in the prediction of O3 was improved with updated BVOC emissions incorporated into the air quality modeling. Additionally, our modeling outcomes illustrated that by using the updated BVOC emissions, predicted O3 and SOA levels could be notably reduced in specific regions. This study highlights the importance of integrating region‐specific data to enhance the precision of BVOC emission estimates and improve air quality predictions, particularly in regions with abundant vegetation. Key Points: Locally measured Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission factors were used to update BVOC emissions in south ChinaUpdated lower regional BVOC emissions improved model prediction of O3 when compared to surface monitoringModeled O3 and secondary organic aerosol concentrations became lower with the updated BVOC emissions in south China [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The coronary artery calcium score (CACS) is commonly employed to quantify the degree of calcification in coronary atherosclerosis. Indeed, increased coronary stenosis severity is associated with a progressive increase in CACS. Objectives. This study sought to explore the association between CACS and coronary stenosis of ≥50% and ≥70%. Methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patient data collected between July 1, 2017, and March 3, 2022, at Jiangmen Central Hospital. A total of 208 patients, presenting with both symptomatic and asymptomatic manifestations and suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), were included. Statistical analyses included ROC curve assessments, subgroup analyses based on age, and comparisons of CACS values against the presence of coronary stenosis ≥50% and ≥70%. Results. Ultimately, 208 patients were included, with a median age of 65.0 years and a median CACS of 115.7 (interquartile range: 13.7–369.4). A CACS threshold of ≥1300 demonstrated a specificity of 100% for coronary stenosis of ≥50%. Notably, the percentage of patients with obstructive CAD showing CACS = 0 was significantly higher in those under 65 years (15.1%) compared to patients over 65 years (3.8%) (P = 0.005). The inflection point, at which the risk probability for coronary stenosis of ≥50% shifted from being a protective factor to a risk factor, was observed when CACS fell within the range of 63.3 to 66.0. Conclusion. CACS demonstrates good performance for the detection of coronary artery stenosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban spatial morphology reflects the processes of external urban expansion and the internal spatial structure of the human economy, and exploring urban spatial morphology is important for regional management of PM2.5 pollutants in the air environment. Whether urban spatial morphology can influence air pollution is a question that has been explored and evaluated. Therefore, we constructed a spatial-temporal driving mechanism framework and explored the interactions among urban expansion and PM2.5 pollutants in the "2 + 26" cities of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH). Based on 2010, 2015, and 2020 urban expansion factors and PM2.5 pollutants data from the "2 + 26" cities of BTH, the results of the Geo-Detector medal imply that: (1) The spatial distribution characteristics of areas with high PM2.5 pollutants in the "2 + 26" cities of BTH were affected by the PM2.5 concentration value, and the high-value phenomenon appeared to decrease with the improvement of PM2.5 pollutants. (2) The level of urbanization in the "2 + 26" cities of BTH had been increasing annually, with the most significant growth in construction land area located in the northeastern coastal cities. (3) The compactness index, was the most critical influencing urban expansion factor, explaining 0.63, 0.64, and 0.66 of PM2.5 pollutants in 2010, 2015, and 2020. (4) In factorial interactions, the compactness index and the centrality ratio explained spatial and temporal analysis characteristics of PM2.5 pollutants, and the interaction factor enhanced the explanation for the spatial-temporal characteristics. This study reveals the coupled spatial-temporal driving mechanism of air pollution in the "2 + 26" cities of BTH and also shows that reasonable urban planning has a positive impact on the regional ecological environment in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of the Internet had a profound influence on the spatial distribution of economic output activities. On the basis of theoretical analysis, this study takes China's regions as research samples and construct a spatial econometric model to empirically analyze the impact of Internet development on regional productivity. The analysis reveals that the distribution of regional productivity in China had significant spatial correlation; regional productivity had positive spatial externalities; Internet development had significant promotion effects and positive spatial spillover effects to regional productivity, but the effects are heterogeneous in different subregions. The subregion analysis shows that the optimization effect of the Internet on regional productivity exhibits heterogeneity in different subregions. The threshold effect analysis reveals the increasing marginal effect of Internet development on regional productivity, and economic development and human capital supply are important factors restricting this marginal effect. Altogether, this study provides useful references on the positive effects of the Internet on regional productivity in the spatial dimension, and suggests that the policy makers can optimize the spatial distribution of regional productivity by promoting Internet access in various regions and narrowing the digital divide among regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tarim Basin, renowned for its super large Ordovician marine carbonate oil and gas reservoirs, is a key area in the field of deep oil and gas exploration and development in China. Especially, the Fuman oilfield has become an important area in oil and gas exploration and development in recent years, largely owing to its extensively distributed fault-controlled gas reservoirs. Nevertheless, Hade block of the Fuman oilfield faces the complex interaction of thrust faults and strike-slip faults, which poses severe challenges. Due to the lack of comprehensive understanding of the impact of thrust faults on reservoir development, many wells with low yield and low efficiency had been drilled, which seriously hindered the effective exploration and development of oil and gas in this area. Therefore, an exhaustive geological examination of the Fuman oilfield in the Tarim Basin was meticulously conducted. This analytical endeavor was directed towards illuminating the intricacies underlying the synergy of thrust faults and strike-slip faults, and their consequential influence on oil and gas reservoirs. Methodologically, a methodical exploration was undertaken based on state-of-the-art 3D seismic data, thereby offering an all-encompassing perspective on the spatiotemporal characteristics of these fault structures in Hade block. The scrutiny further encompassed the delineation of the planar distribution of these faults, the elucidation of vertical crosscutting relationships, and the ascertaining of fault activity periods. The research findings were subsequently amalgamated with a comprehensive investigation of the regional temporal periods underpinning oil and gas accumulation, thereby proffering a lucid perspective on the dominion of thrust faults in this context. The investigation results display the key information on the endemic geological evolution of the Fuman oilfield. Foremost, the research findings determine that these fault structures originated from the late Middle Ordovician, especially the Middle Caledonian period. Noticeably, thrust fault activities peaked during the subsequent Hercynian period, i.e. after the appearance of strike-slip faults. This temporal distinction between the fault types is of profound significance for understanding their respective roles in oil and gas accumulation. The Fuman oilfield is divided into three different stages of oil and gas accumulation, namely, the late Caledonian, late Hercynian, and Himalayan stages. The results show that the oil and gas accumulation in the late Caledonian period is mainly affected by strike-slip faults, while the influence of thrust faults is great in the late Hercynian and Himalayan periods. The understanding of the interplay between fault types and oil and gas accumulation is of great significance for accurate exploration and development of benefit model in oil areas. In addition, this study unveiled three distinct modes of convergence between thrust faults and strike-slip faults, based on which three different modes of oil and gas accumulation and conveyance steered by thrust faults in Hade block were delineated. It is concluded that when thrust faults intersect with non-petroleum-endowed strike-slip faults in the Upper Cambrian-Yijianfang Formation, the reservoir is mainly formed in the late Hercynian period. When thrust faults and petroleum-endowed strike-slip faults intersect in the Middle Cambrian, the reservoir is mainly formed in the late Caledonian period. The intersection of thrust faults and petroleum-endowed strike-slip faults in the Upper Cambrian-Yijianfang Formation is most favorable for oil and gas accumulation, with characteristics of multi-source hydrocarbon supply and multi-stage accumulation. These conclusions provide valuable experience of and incisive insights into the exploration and development of similar oil and gas reservoirs, which is conducive to efficient decision making in the ongoing search for energy resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the urgent need for China to reduce the growth rate of energy consumption (EC), the relationship between financial development (FD), urbanization (UR), and EC is directly related to the effectiveness of China's current ecological civilization construction. This study analyzes the internal relationship between the three from the perspectives of financial scale (FD1), financial structure (FD2), and financial efficiency (FD3) through the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation, impulse response, and variance decomposition of the panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model. The following conclusions are derived. First, the results of the PVAR model show that when FD is measured with FD1, FD2, and FD3, each variable has path dependence, and the lag-phase-one term of each variable has a strengthening effect on itself. Second, based on the pulse response diagram, a positive response occurs after FD1 and FD2 give a standardized shock to EC, but a negative response occurs when FD is characterized by FD3. When FD is measured with FD1, a positive response occurs after UR gives a normalized shock to EC. When FD is measured with FD2 and FD3, there is a weak negative response. Third, the results of the variance decomposition show that the changes of FD, UR, and EC rely more on their own inertia. Although the impact of FD and UR on EC has an increasing trend, the impact is small. Therefore, local governments should rationally control the financial scale, optimize the financial structure, improve the financial efficiency, and strengthen the propaganda of energy conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Efforts to improve nurses' physical and mental health are critical to ensuring the safety and quality of the healthcare system. Long-term studies targeting the relevancy of nurses' occupation characteristics with health conditions remain insufficient. This study aimed to examine the relationship between nurses' night shift and sleep problems and metabolic abnormalities risk. Methods: This study was a part of the National Nurse Health Study, an ambispective cohort study in China, in 2021. Based on an integration physical examination data system, this study carried out a retrospective analysis of 730 nurses from 2018 to 2020 and combined with a questionnaire survey in 2021. The STROBE guidelines were adopted for reporting. Results: In the 23 (23.0, 24.0) months follow-up, higher night shift load was associated with more sleep problems such as shortened sleep duration, sleep disorders, poor sleep quality, and sleep deprivation. Moreover, night shift load was associated with chronic diseases risk factors, increasing body mass index and body fat, with more night shift density, increasing the occurrence of low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high triglyceride, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and serum uric acid. Conclusion: The night shift load has become an occupational health concern, contributing to chronic diseases relevant metabolic risk factors and negative influence on sleep health. Focus on the strategies to improve the sleep quality of nurses undergoing night shift work, optimize work scheduling and ongoing monitor the relevant risk factors are essential to enhance the stability and well-being of the nursing workforce. Clinical Trials registration information: NCT04572347, on October 1, 2020. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04572347 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the present stage, China's ecological civilization construction has entered a strategic period focusing on carbon reduction, which is also a critical period for achieving the improvement of ecological environment quality. The prosperity of bamboo culture and the development of the bamboo industry are of great significance in promoting the construction of an ecological civilization in China. Festival activities often have lasting impacts on the development of the host city. They not only promote urban development but also spur the growth of local enterprises in related industries. However, these impacts have been rarely explored by researchers. This paper analyzes how festival activities influence the behavior of host city enterprises from the perspective of stakeholders with a theoretical model. Taking the China Bamboo Culture Festival as an example, micro-data on bamboo enterprises in 1999–2015 were collected from the Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database and analyzed with a theoretical model to empirically verify the influence of the festival over the production behavior of bamboo enterprises. The research shows that the China Bamboo Culture Festival has a significant positive impact on the total output value and total factor productivity of bamboo product enterprises, which in turn affects the production behavior of the enterprises. In the host province/city, the enterprises that engaged in the festival surpassed the other enterprises by 1.0764% in terms of gross output; export enterprises were less affected by the festival than domestic market enterprises. The China Bamboo Culture Festival makes bamboo enterprises more sustainable and competitive in the industry, and the holding of festival activities enhances the sustainable development capabilities of enterprises by improving their business environment. In addition, significant differences were observed between enterprises in different geographical locations, of different ownerships, and in different subdivided industries. Enterprises in the eastern region are least affected by the China Bamboo Culture Festival, while those in the western region are the most impacted; those in the central region fall in the middle by the degree of influence. Bamboo, rattan, palm, and grass products are influenced by the China Bamboo Culture Festival, while the production of other manufacturing industries is basically unaffected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Findings: The current study examined the moderating effects of gender and teacher-child relationship on the association between shyness and school adjustment (school liking and avoidance, cooperative and independent participation). The sample consisted of 524 preschool students from 3 cities of Shandong province in northern China. Mothers reported children's shyness, school liking, and school avoidance, whereas teachers rated children's cooperative and independent participation and reported perceived teacher-child relationships. Overall, findings indicated that shyness was associated with lower teacher-child closeness, lower school liking, and higher school avoidance. Child gender moderated the relationship between shyness and teacher-child dependency. Moreover, teacher-child relationship and child gender moderated the shyness-adjustment relationships. Practice or Policy: These findings point to the potential for improving teacher-child relationships to facilitate shy preschoolers' school adjustment and the importance of taking child gender into consideration in such intervention programs.

Background: Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structures vary among strains of different geographic origin. The aim of this study was to characterize the LPS O-antigen profiles of H. pylori strains isolated from Southwest China, and to further analyze the association of Lewis antigen expression with clinical outcomes and antibiotic resistance. Results: A total of 71 H. pylori isolates from Southwest China were included for LPS profiling by silver staining and Western blotting after SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. We demonstrated that all the clinical isolates had the conserved lipid A and core-oligosaccharide, whereas the O-antigen domains varied significantly among the isolates. Compared with the common presence of the glucan/heptan moiety in LPS O-antigen structure of European strains, the clinical isolates in this study appeared to lack the glucan/heptan moiety. The expression frequency of Lex, Ley, Lea, and Leb was 66.2% (47/71), 84.5% (60/71), 56.3% (40/71), and 31.0% (22/71), respectively. In total, the expression of type II Lex and/or Ley was observed in 69 (97.2%) isolates, while type I Lea and/or Leb were expressed in 49 (69.0%) isolates. No association of Lewis antigen expression with clinical outcomes or with antibiotic resistance was observed. Conclusions: H. pylori strains from Southwest China tend to produce heptan-deficient LPS and are more likely to express type I Lewis antigens as compared with Western strains. This may suggest that H. pylori evolves to change its LPS structure for adaptation to different hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human-perceived temperature (HPT) describes the joint effects of multiple climatic factors such as temperature and humidity. Extreme HPT events may reduce labor capacity and cause thermal discomfort and even mortality. These events are becoming more frequent and more intense under global warming, posing severe threats to human and natural systems worldwide, particularly in populated areas with intensive human activities, e.g., the North China Plain (NCP). Therefore, a fine-scale HPT dataset in both spatial and temporal dimensions is urgently needed. Here we construct a daily high-resolution (~1 km) human thermal index collection over NCP from 2003 to 2020 (HiTIC-NCP). This dataset contains 12 HPT indices and has high accuracy with averaged determination coefficient, mean absolute error, and root mean squared error of 0.987, 0.970 °C, and 1.292 °C, respectively. Moreover, it exhibits high spatiotemporal consistency with ground-level observations. The dataset provides a reference for human thermal environment and could facilitate studies such as natural hazards, regional climate change, and urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the association of hemoglobin concentration with a 90-day mortality of young adult patients with ICH in a large retrospective cohort. A retrospective observational study was conducted between December 2013 and June 2019 in two tertiary academic medical centers in China. We defined patients with hemoglobin concentration < 80 g/L as severe anemia and 80–120/130 g/L as mild to moderate anemia. We also defined patients with hemoglobin concentration > 160 g/L as high hemoglobin. Associations of hemoglobin and outcomes were evaluated in multivariable regression analyses. The primary outcome was mortality at 90 days. We identified 4098 patients with ICH who met the inclusion criteria. After adjusting primary confounding variables, the 90-day mortality rate was significantly higher in young patients with severe anemia (OR, 39.65; 95% CI 15.42–101.97), moderate anemia (OR, 2.49; 95% CI 1.24–5.00), mild anemia (OR, 1.89; 95% CI 1.20–2.98), and high hemoglobin (OR, 2.03; 95% CI 1.26–3.26) group than in young patients of the normal group. The younger age was associated with a higher risk of death from anemia in patients with ICH (P for interaction = 0.01). In young adult patients with ICH, hemoglobin concentration was associated with 90-day mortality, and even mild to moderate anemia correlated with higher mortality. We also found that in ICH patients with anemia, younger age was associated with higher risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ice–snow freezing may disrupt the growth condition and structure of forest vegetation, increasing combustible loads and thus triggering forest fires. China's subtropical regions are rich in forest resources, but are often disturbed by ice–snow freezing, especially due to climate change. Clarifying the responsive areas and times of forest fires to ice-snow freezing in this region is of vital importance for local forest fire management. In this study, meteorological data from 2001 to 2019 were used to extract the precipitation and its duration during the freezing period in order to analyze the freezing condition of forest vegetation in subtropical China. To improve the accuracy of identifying forest fires, we extracted forest fire information year-by-year and month-by-month based on the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) active fire data (MOD14A2) using the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and analyzed the forest fire clustering characteristics in the region using the Moran's Index. Then, correlation analysis between forest fires and freezing precipitation was utilized to explore the responsive areas and periods of forest fires caused by ice–snow freezing. Our analysis shows the following: (1) during the period of 2001–2019, the ice–snow freezing of forest vegetation was more serious in Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, and Anhui provinces; (2) forest fires in subtropical China have shown a significant downward trend since 2008 and their degree of clustering has been reduced from 0.44 to 0.29; (3) forest fires in Hunan, Jiangxi, and Fujian provinces are greatly affected by ice–snow freezing, and their correlation coefficients are as high as 0.25, 0.25, and 0.32, respectively; and (4) heavy ice–snow freezing can increase forest combustibles and affect forest fire behavior in February and March. This research is valuable for forest fire management in subtropical China and could also provide a reference for other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is often complicated with immune diseases, which greatly affected the course and clinical outcome of AIH. We aimed to systematically assess clinical characteristics, prognosis in autoimmune hepatitis accompanied by immune diseases. Clinical records of 358 patients with AIH from Beijing Ditan Hospital in China were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical features of AIH with immune diseases were compared retrospectively, including clinical characteristics, prognosis and outcome. Prevalence of immune diseases in patients with AIH was 26.5%. Connective tissue disease (CTD) was the commonest immune diseases associated with AIH (33/358, 9.2%), and the incidence of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and thyroid dysfunction (TD) was low (4.7% and 8.5%, respectively). At diagnosis, AIH-PBC patients had higher IgM and ALP, lower weight, Hgb, ALT and AFP (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, AIH-CTD patients had lower mean platelet volume, serum K and triglyceride (P < 0.05). AIH-TD patients had a lower proportion of ANA positive (P < 0.05). The overall survival time of AIH-TD was significantly shorter than AIH patients (P = 0.0011), but there were no differences in AIH-PBC and AIH-CTD. Furthermore, ANA negative (HR: 0.21, 95%CI 0.13–0.35, P < 0.001) can be a factor to predict the poor prognosis of AIH, and also in AIH-TD patients. About 26.5% of AIH patients had at least one immune disease, and TD coexisted with AIH impaired patients' survival. ANA negative can be used as an independent indicator to predict the poor prognosis of AIH and AIH-TD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have shown that metabolic diseases are risk factors for thyroid disease; most studies are cross-sectional design. We aimed to evaluate the causal relationship between thyroid and metabolic diseases in a cohort of Chinese nurses. Methods: We conducted an ambispective cohort study of the National Nurses' Health Study. Thyroid disease data based on ultrasonography from 2017 to 2021 were collected. We described thyroid disease incidence and the risk factors associated with a cluster of metabolic factors. We used the Mann‒Whitney U test, repeated-measures ANOVA and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression to analyze the data. Results: A total of 1529 female nurses without thyroid disease were enrolled in 2017, of which, complete data were available for 1269 nurses. In 2018–2020, thyroid nodule incidence ranged from 32.8%-46.3%, thyroiditis incidence was 13.4%–14.3%, and goiter incidence was 4.1%–29.1%, thyroid adenoma and thyroid tumors incidence were 0.1%–0.5% and 1%–1.5%. We also found that NAFLAD was an independent risk factor for thyroid adenoma (p =.003). The age at diagnosis was an independent risk factor for goiter (p <. 001) and thyroid nodules (p <.001). Fasting blood glucose was an independent risk factor for thyroid tumors (p =.004). The age at diagnosis (p =.003), Body Mass Index (p =.006) and menopause (p =.031) were risk factors for thyroiditis. Conclusion: Thyroid disease incidence among nurses is increasing. Age at diagnosis, BMI, fasting blood glucose, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are independent risk factors for different types of thyroid disease. This study provides evidence for future studies to further explore the pathogenesis and prevention of thyroid diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the COVID-19, a 76-day city-wide strict lockdown was imposed in Wuhan, China. This study aimed to document the family's psychological status during the lockdown and test the role of family functioning, children's mental health, child-parent relationship as well as parenting time during pandemic on parenting stress. The results showed that nearly 18% of the children exhibited clinical-level mental health problems. The children's mental health and child-parent conflict fully mediated general family functioning's impact on parenting stress. The change in childcaring time moderated the effect of the children's mental health problems and child-parent conflict on parenting stress. Findings indicated that, during COVID-19 lockdown, children's mental health and child-parent conflict contributed to parenting stress. More childrearing time would reduce the impact of children's mental health on parenting stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of market integration has a profound impact on regional output activities. This paper discusses the impact mechanism of market integration on regional productivity. Using China's province-level panel data from 2006 to 2019, a spatial econometric model is constructed to empirically analyse the actual impact of China's market integration process on regional productivity at this stage. The empirical study found that the spatial distribution of China's regional productivity at the current stage exhibits the agglomeration characteristics of "high in the east and low in the west". The process of market integration can not only significantly promote the productivity of the region, but also have a significant positive impact on the productivity of geographical and economic neighbouring regions. The subregional empirical results show that the marginal impact of the market integration process on productivity in different regions is heterogeneous, showing that the marginal impact on the eastern and coastal regions is stronger than that in the central and western regions. Altogether, this study provides empirical evidence of the positive impact of market integration on regional productivity in the spatial dimension, having significant implications for regional coordinated and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The association between white blood cell (WBC) counts and mortality in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has not been established. The aim of this study is to determine whether higher WBC is associated with mortality at 90 days. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at two medical hospitals in China. Baseline WBC count on admission served as the primary predictor variable. Longitudinal WBC counts within the first week after admission were collected to assess the effects of WBC trajectory and the median and maximum WBC counts on outcomes following ICH. Associations of WBC count with outcomes were evaluated in multivariable regression analyses. Results: We identified 3613 patients with ICH who met the inclusion criteria. After adjusting primary confounding variables, patients with increased WBC count had a significantly higher risk of 90-day mortality (p < 0.001 for trend). In the receiver operating characteristic analyses, the capacity for all-cause mortality prediction by WBC count on admission (area under the ROC curve (AUC) = 0.65) was superior to other important inflammatory markers, including neutrophil (AUC = 0.64) , lymphocyte (AUC = 0.57), albumin (AUC = 0.57), and platelet count (AUC = 0.53), p < 0.001 for WBC vs. neutrophil, and the median WBC count (AUC = 0.66) within the first week after admission was a better marker than admission WBC count (p = 0.02). Conclusions: In patients with ICH, WBC count on admission was associated with all-cause mortality at 90 days. Additionally, the median and maximum WBC counts within the first week after admission showed better predictive ability for the 90-day mortality compared with the WBC count on admission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Self-compassion is the ability to be kind to oneself in adversity. This multidimensional construct is typically assessed by the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). In Chinese samples, there have been inconsistent psychometric findings that impede cross-cultural research. This study aimed to explore the factor structure of the Chinese version (SCS-C). Methods: Two samples of young Chinese adults were recruited (Sample 1, N = 465, 141 men, Mean age [ M age] = 20.26; Sample 2, N = 392, 71 men; M age = 18.97). Confirmatory factor analyses and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were used to examine previously reported four- and six-factor structures of SCS-C. Results: Although ESEM supported the six-factor structure when a problematic item was omitted, we found stronger evidence for a novel four-factor structure of the SCS-C revealed with self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness, and uncompassionate self-responding. This suggests that Chinese individuals have a different understanding of the negative components of the original self-compassion definition, which was based on the United States and other mostly Western samples. Omega coefficients of the bifactor models suggested that using the SCS total score in Chinese samples is inappropriate. However, high factor determinacy and construct replicability indicated that the general factor of SCS-C could be used in a structural equation modeling context for both four-factor and six-factor structures. Conclusions: When using the existing SCS-C in path models, researchers should use a latent variable approach and establish the measurement construct rather than sum scores of the scale or subscales without checking the factor structure in future empirical studies. Also, the SCS-C needs to be revised, and we proposed directions forward for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]