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The measurement of knowledge contribution in collaborative knowledge building is an important research topic in computer-supported collaborative learning. The information measures of knowledge contribution based on information theory are proposed in this study, which includes two measures: amount of information and information gain. Discourse data collected from a collaborative knowledge building activity were analyzed to validate these measures. The results showed that our information measures can complement the traditional behavioral. With the help of the two measures, community-level variation tendency and individual-level knowledge contribution characteristics could be analyzed in collaborative knowledge building activities. A log function was used to fit the community knowledge variation tendency to measure the convergence of knowledge building. Students were clustered into five types according to their behaviors and contributions in collaborative knowledge building. Both teachers and researchers can benefit from these two information measures by using them in practice.

Despite the continuous emphasis on emotion in multimedia learning, it was still unclear how pedagogical agent emotional cues might affect learning. In the present study, a between-subjects experiment was performed to examine the effects of a pedagogical agent with dual-channel emotional cues on learners' emotions, cognitive load, and knowledge transfer performance. Participants from a central Chinese university (age mean = 21.26, N = 66) were randomly divided into three groups. These groups received instructions from an affective pedagogical agent, a neutral pedagogical agent, or a neutral voice narration without pedagogical agent embodiment. Results showed that learners assigned the affective pedagogical agent reported a significantly higher emotional level than learners assigned the neutral pedagogical agent. Learners' perceived task difficulty was not significantly different among groups while instructional efficiency was significantly higher for learners with the affective pedagogical agent. Moreover, learners assigned to the affective pedagogical agent performed significantly better on the knowledge transfer test than those assigned the neutral pedagogical agent or the neutral voice.

The thesaurus dataset of educational technology is a knowledge description of educational technology in Chinese. The aims of this thesaurus were to collect the subject terms in the domain of educational technology, facilitate the standardization of terminology and promote the communication between Chinese researchers and scholars from various countries. This thesaurus contains 2,367 subject terms and 752 relation pairs between subject terms. This thesaurus can be used in bilingual control, index and retrieval of information resources.

Ecological restoration, as a vital means of effectively enhancing the carbon sink function of ecosystems, is currently the subject of active research by scientists. Researchers are actively exploring how to scientifically assess the response mechanisms of ecosystem carbon reservoirs during the process of ecological restoration. In this study, CiteSpace 6.1.(R3 and R6) literature visualization software was employed to conduct data mining on 1566 research articles published from 1996 to 2022, focusing on the impact of ecological restoration on ecosystem carbon reservoirs, as recorded in the Web of Science core database. The analysis involved visualizing various aspects, including the countries involved, research institutions, publication output, research hotspots, and cutting-edge research areas. The research indicates that China holds significant influence in the study of the impact of ecological restoration on ecosystem carbon reservoirs. The literature covers a wide range of research directions and encompasses rich content on the subject matter. The current research focuses on ecological restoration, and its impact on the carbon sink function of ecosystems mainly revolves around four key themes: "the carbon sequestration potential of ecological restoration", "technological approaches to enhancing the carbon sink function of ecological restoration", "the importance of assessing carbon sink in terrestrial ecosystems", and "characteristics of carbon sources/sinks in terrestrial ecosystems". Currently, the development of research findings on the impact of ecological restoration on the carbon reservoirs of ecosystems is progressing rapidly. Novel research theories, methodologies, and scientific techniques are emerging, necessitating the continuous monitoring and investigation of scholarship in this field. It is crucial to integrate ongoing global environmental-change factors, ensuring the continuity of research and observations and, thus, furnishing robust data support for the assessment and computation of ecosystem carbon sinks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the prospective associations of nighttime sleep duration, midday napping, and sleep quality during early pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk among Chinese pregnant women. Sleep-related information was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in baseline surveys during the 6–15 (mean 10.3) gestational weeks. GDM was diagnosed during 24–28 gestational weeks according to the Chinese Guidelines on Diagnosis and Management of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy (2022). Multivariable logistic regression models with adjustments for socio-demographic and lifestyle factors were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of sleep traits with GDM risk. We identified 503 incident GDM cases among 6993 participants. Compared with women who slept for 7–9 hours/night in early pregnancy, those who slept <7 hours/night showed a higher risk of GDM (OR, 1.75; 95 % CI: 1.20–2.54), whereas those who slept >9 hours/night showed no significant association for GDM risk (OR, 1.01; 95 % CI: 0.78–1.30). Compared with women with absolutely no napping, those with ≤60 and > 60 min/day midday napping showed no significant association for GDM risk (OR, 0.82; 95 % CI: 0.64–1.05 for ≤60 min/day midday napping; OR, 0.87; 95 % CI: 0.66–1.15 for >60 min/day midday napping). Poor sleep quality was not associated with GDM risk compared with good quality (OR, 0.90; 95 % CI: 0.72–1.12). A short nighttime sleep duration during early pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of GDM, which was independent of midday napping, sleep quality and lifestyle factors. [Display omitted] • The associations of sleep traits with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have not been thoroughly examined. • This study investigated the prospective associations of sleep traits during early pregnancy with GDM risk among Chinese. • Short nighttime sleep duration was associated with an increased risk of GDM in the relatively large prospective cohort. • The study highlights the importance of maintaining adequate nighttime sleep duration during early pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Calcium-free (Ca-free) solutions are theoretically the most ideal for regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). However, the majority of medical centers in China had to make a compromise of using commercially available calcium-containing (Ca-containing) solutions instead of Ca-free ones due to their scarcity. This study was designed to probe into the potential of Ca-containing solution as a secure and efficient substitution for Ca-free solutions., Methods: In this prospective, randomized single-center trial, 99 patients scheduled for CRRT were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three treatment groups: continuous veno-venous hemodialysis Ca-free dialysate (CVVHD Ca-free) group, continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration calcium-free dialysate (CVVHDF Ca-free) group, and continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration Ca-containing dialysate (CVVHDF Ca-containing) group at cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). The primary endpoint was the incidence of metabolic complications. The secondary endpoints included premature termination of treatment, thrombus of filter, and bubble trap after the process., Results: The incidence of citrate accumulation (18.2% vs. 12.1% vs. 21.2%) and metabolic alkalosis (12.1% vs. 0% vs. 9.1%) did not significantly differ among three groups (p > 0.05 for both). The incidence of premature termination was comparable among the groups (18.2% vs. 9.1% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.582). The thrombus level of the filter and bubble trap was similar in the three groups (p > 0.05 for all)., Conclusions: In RCA-CRRT for CICU population, RCA-CVVHDF with Ca-containing solutions and traditional RCA with Ca-free solutions had a comparable safety and feasibility., Trial Registration: ChiCTR2100048238 in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry., (© 2024 The Authors. Seminars in Dialysis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objective: Establish the anatomical parameters of the nasal septum and the area of each component in patients with nasal septum deviation, for the sake of guiding the scope of surgical resection for correction of nasal septum deviation. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 128 cases of sinus computer tomography images of patients with nasal septum deviation, marked 9 nasal septal anatomical locations, measured the area of the nasal septum and its components, and analyzed the trend of the percentage of the area of the nasal septum cartilage in the total area of the nasal septum with age. Results: The total area of the nasal septum in the 128 patients with nasal septum deviation is: （2951.96±305.91） mm², the area of nasal septal cartilage: （961.89±229.64） mm², the area of the vertical ethmoid plate: （1123.96±214.17） mm², the area of the vomerine: （652.77±108.09） mm². The area of male septum is larger than that of female. As age increases, the nasal septal cartilage gradually decreases, and the percentage of the nasal septal cartilage area in the total area of the nasal septum gradually decreases. Conclusion: Elderly people who undergo nasal septum correction should be carefully considered to grasp the scope of resection, and the influence of gender on the area of nasal septum should also be paid attention., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)