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China's natural gas market is focusing on price reform and aims to reconstruct vertically integrated industrial chains in the future. Based on the mixed complementarity problem model of gas markets with nodes in Henan Province, China, as an example, this paper applies numerical modeling to simulate the effects of social welfare and equilibrium prices on nodes in two scenarios: pipeline integration and pipeline separation. The findings reveal the following: (1) Pipeline separation yields greater overall social welfare than pipeline integration, with the welfare shifting from gas producers to consumption markets. (2) Pipeline separation lowers the equilibrium consumption prices by driving competition among gas supply sources. (3) Pipeline separation will increase the contribution of natural gas to primary energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space M&A based on industrial concentration and pursuing concentration rent and spillover effect in new normal has become an important method to realize industrial up-grading, and how to evaluate value effect of space M&A with two-stage production system becomes a new project that has yet to be studies in academia. The article builds a M&A value evaluation simulation model based on DEA non-cooperation game to evaluate value effect of space M&A in financial industry in China.it shows, Space M&A with hypotactic game relationship can bring about substantial potential cost saving, and there must be system M&A valid when all subsystems are M&A valid. Optimal input-output index and optimal value index of intermediate variables based on model calculation further helps to obtain the measure of space M&A value improvement, which provides commercial banks with immediate empirical evidences to select M&A under new normal, helps to facilitate optimization of financial resources space configuration, and promotes transformation and upgrading as well as innovative driving of financial industry in China. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: To explore the aging-related changes of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity among normal glucose tolerance (NGT) individuals in China., Methods: A total of 34 293 individuals were recruited. All of them were described as NGT by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75 g OGTT) according to the diagnostic criterion of WHO, 1999. HOMA-β, ΔI(30)/ΔG(30), InsAuc30/GluAuc30, InsAuc120/GluAuc120 were calculated to estimate insulin secretion; HOMA-IR and Matsuda index measured to estimate insulin sensitivity; Disposition index: DI(30) and DI(120) were used to estimate β-cell function., Results: HOMA-β, ΔI(30)/ΔG(30), InsAuc30/GluAuc30 and InsAuc120/GluAuc120 were all lower in the elder group then the younger group (P trend < 0.05). The mean HOMA-β dropped from 192 ± 16 (20 - 29 years) to 115 ± 7 (70 or elder) among men and from 162 ± 8 (20 - 29 years) to 120 ± 12 (70 or elder) among women. The mean ΔI(30)/ΔG(30) dropped from 20.0 ± 2.0 (20 - 29 years) to 8.6 ± 0.6 (70 or elder) among men and from 22.4 ± 1.6 (20 - 29 years) to 12.5 ± 1.7 (70 or elder) among women. The above index were negatively correlated with age in univariate linear regression (P < 0.05), the results among men and overall still existed after adjusted for BMI and waist circumference in multivariate linear regression, while the relation between HOMA-β and age disappeared among women. Matsuda Index was positively correlated with age (β = 0.02, P = 0.001) and HOMA-IR were negatively correlated with age (β = -0.01, P = 0.001) among men even after adjusted for BMI and waist circumference and the above correlation between Matsuda Index/HOMA-IR and ageing was not significant until adjusted for BMI and waist circumference in multivariate linear regression. Among women HOMA-IR (β = -0.01, P = 0.000), Matsuda index (β = 0.03, P = 0.000). DI(30) and DI(120) were negatively correlated with age in both univariate and multivariate linear regression., Conclusions: The basal, postchallenge insulin secretion and postchallenge islet compensatory function decreases with ageing, while insulin sensitivity does not deteriorate with ageing and its related change of body composition and weight gain.

Objective: To explore the association between hypertension and the tendency of change among children,so as to lay a foundation for the prevention and control of hypertension., Methods: Based on findings from the prevalence survey that carried out in September 1999 in Daqing of Heilongjiang province. New admission children were selected as subjects to conduct a five-year cohort study. All the subjects were interviewed with questionnaires and their blood specimens were collected for biochemical analysis. All data were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 software. Results The prevalence of hypertension among 447 children was found 2.01% at the baseline study but increased to 5.37% in the fifth year. During a five year period, the systolic pressure level among children increased from (100.65 +/- 11.62)mmHg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) to (106.67 +/- 9.29) mm Hg,while the diastolic pressure level was from (66.27 +/- 11.31) mm Hg to (70.28 +/- 7.98) mm Hg and showed significant difference between boys and girls. There were association between hypertension and family history, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride, insulin, insulin resistance index while insulin sensitivity index and family history, BMI and insulin sensitivity index appeared to be the important factors. Children under this study were divided to 'with family history or without' and then every group was divided to 'with over weight-obesity or normal'. Obesity and insulin sensitivity seemed the key risk factors on hypertension. Descent of insulin sensitivity was an independent risk factor., Conclusion: The level of blood tension among children in Daqing city was higher than that from the national data. The present study confirmed that over-weight,obesity, heredity and insulin resistance were the risk factors of hypertension while insulin resistance was related to hypertension. The interaction of these risk factors was independent or correlated to each other.